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Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc.
BC-FJA (Bouncy Castle FIPS Java API)
Non-Proprietary FIPS 140-2 Cryptographic Module Security Policy
Version: 1.0.1
Date: 07/13/20
Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc.
(ABN 84 166 338 567)
https://www.bouncycastle.org
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1 Introduction................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Logical and Physical Cryptographic Boundaries....................................................................................6
1.1.1 Logical Cryptographic Boundary....................................................................................................... 6
1.1.2 Physical Boundary............................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 Modes of Operation.............................................................................................................................. 8
1.3 Module Configuration........................................................................................................................... 8
2 Cryptographic Functionality .......................................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Critical Security Parameters................................................................................................................14
2.2 Public Keys .......................................................................................................................................... 16
3 Roles, Authentication and Services .............................................................................................................16
3.1 Assumption of Roles ........................................................................................................................... 16
3.2 Services ............................................................................................................................................... 16
4 Self-tests ...................................................................................................................................................... 19
5 Physical Security Policy................................................................................................................................ 21
6 Operational Environment ............................................................................................................................ 21
6.1 Use of External RNG............................................................................................................................ 21
7 Mitigation of Other Attacks Policy...............................................................................................................21
8 Security Rules and Guidance ....................................................................................................................... 22
8.1 Basic Enforcement .............................................................................................................................. 22
8.2 Additional Enforcement with a Java SecurityManager.......................................................................22
8.3 Basic Guidance.................................................................................................................................... 22
8.4 Enforcement and Guidance for GCM IVs ............................................................................................23
8.5 Enforcement and Guidance for use of the Approved PBKDF..............................................................23
9 References and Definitions.......................................................................................................................... 23
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List of Tables
Table 1 – Cryptographic Module Tested Environments ....................................................................................... 4
Table 2 – Security Level of Security Requirements .............................................................................................. 5
Table 3 – FIPS 140-2 Logical Interfaces ................................................................................................................ 8
Table 4 – Available Java Permissions .................................................................................................................... 8
Table 5 – Approved and CAVP Validated Cryptographic Functions .................................................................... 10
Table 6 – Approved Cryptographic Functions Tested with Vendor Affirmation ................................................. 12
Table 7 – Non-Approved but Allowed Cryptographic Functions ........................................................................ 13
Table 8 – Non-Approved Cryptographic Functions for use in non-FIPS mode only. .......................................... 13
Table 9 – Critical Security Parameters (CSPs) ..................................................................................................... 14
Table 10 – Public Keys ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Table 11 – Roles Description .............................................................................................................................. 16
Table 12 – Services ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Table 13 – CSP Access Rights within Services .................................................................................................... 18
Table 14 – Power Up Self-tests ........................................................................................................................... 20
Table 15 – Conditional Self-tests ........................................................................................................................ 20
Table 16 – References ........................................................................................................................................ 23
Table 17 – Acronyms and Definitions ................................................................................................................. 24
List of Figures
Figure 1 – Block Diagram of the Software for the BC-FJA Module........................................................................ 6
Figure 2 – Block Diagram of the Physical Components of a typical GPC. ............................................................. 7
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1 Introduction
This document defines the Security Policy for the Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. FIPS Java API (BC-FJA) Module,
hereafter denoted the Module. The Module is a cryptographic library. The Module meets FIPS 140-2 overall
Level 1 requirements. The SW version is 1.0.1.
The cryptographic module was tested on the following operational environment on the general purpose
computer (GPC) platforms detailed in Table 1.
Table 1 – Cryptographic Module Tested Environments
Operational Environments
GPC Platform CPU Family OS Java SE Runtime Environment
HP ProLiant DL360 G7
Intel Xeon
Processor X5670
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
7.3 on VMware ESXi 5.5
Java SE Runtime Environment
v7 (1.7.0), single-user mode
HP ProLiant DL360 G7
Intel Xeon
Processor X5670
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
7.3 on VMware ESXi 5.5
Java SE Runtime Environment
v8 (1.8.0), single-user mode
Dell PowerEdge R740
Intel Xeon
Processor 6126
Photon OS 2.0 on VMware ESXi
6.7
Java SE Runtime Environment
v8 (1.8.0), single-user mode
Dell PowerEdge R740
Intel Xeon
Processor 6126
Ubuntu 16.04 on VMware ESXi
6.7
Java SE Runtime Environment
v8 (1.8.0), single-user mode
Dell PowerEdge R740
Intel Xeon
Processor 6126
Microsoft Windows Server 2016
on VMware ESXi 6.7
Java SE Runtime Environment
v8 (1.8.0), single-user mode
NetScout PowerEdge
R730
Intel Xeon
Processor
E5-2697 v3
Linux 3.10
Java SE Runtime Environment
v8 (1.8.0), single-user mode
NetScout PowerEdge
R740
Intel Xeon
Processor
Silver 4110
Linux 3.10
Java SE Runtime Environment
v8 (1.8.0), single-user mode
Zebra TC75 Touch
Computer
Qualcomm
MSM8960 Pro
Lollipop Android 5.1
Android 5 Java ART, single-user
mode
Zebra TC51-HC Touch
Computer
Qualcomm
MSM8956
Marshmallow Android 6.0
Android 6 Java ART, single-user
mode
Zebra TC52 Touch
Computer
Qualcomm
SD660
Oreo Android 8.1 Android 8 Java ART, single-user
mode
Dell PowerEdge R740
Intel Xeon Gold
6126
Ubuntu 16.04 on VMware ESXi
7.0
Java SE Runtime Environment
v8 (1.8.0), single-user mode
Dell PowerEdge R740
Intel Xeon Gold
6126
Ubuntu 18.04 on VMware ESXi
7.0
Java SE Runtime Environment
v11 (1.11.0), single-user mode
As per FIPS 140-2 Implementation Guidance G.5, the cryptographic module will remain compliant with the
FIPS 140-2 validation when operating on any general purpose computer (GPC) provided that:
1) No source code has been modified.
2) The GPC uses the specified single-user platform, or another compatible single-user platform such as
one of the Java SE Runtime Environments listed on any of the following:
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HP-UX
Linux Centos
Linux Debian
Linux Oracle RHC
Linux Oracle UEK
Linux SUSE
Linux Ubuntu
Mac OS X
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows Server
Microsoft Windows XP
Photon OS
Solaris
For the avoidance of doubt, it is hereby stated that the CMVP makes no statement as to the correct operation
of the module or the security strengths of the generated keys when so ported if the specific operational
environment is not listed on the validation certificate.
The Module is intended for use by US Federal agencies and other markets that require a FIPS 140-2 validated
Cryptographic Library. The Module is a software-only embodiment; the cryptographic boundary is the Java
Archive (JAR) file, bc-fips-1.0.1.jar (/system/framework/stripycastle.jar on the Android ports).
The FIPS 140-2 security levels for the Module are given in Table 2 as follows:
Table 2 – Security Level of Security Requirements
Security Requirement Security Level
Cryptographic Module Specification 1
Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces 1
Roles, Services, and Authentication 1
Finite State Model 1
Physical Security N/A
Operational Environment 1
Cryptographic Key Management 1
EMI/EMC 1
Self-Tests 1
Design Assurance 1
Mitigation of Other Attacks 1
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1.1 Logical and Physical Cryptographic Boundaries
1.1.1 Logical Cryptographic Boundary
The executable for the BC-FJA Module is: bc-fips-1.0.1.jar (/system/framework/stripycastle.jar on the Android
ports). This module is the only software component within the Logical Cryptographic Boundary and the only
software component that carries out cryptographic functions covered by FIPS 140-2. Figure 1 shows the logical
relationship of the cryptographic module to the other software and hardware components of the computer.
The BC classes are executed on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) using the classes of the Java Runtime
Environment (JRE). The JVM is the interface to the computer’s Operating System (OS) that is the interface to
the various physical components of the computer.
The physical components of the computer are discussed further in Section 6. Abbreviations introduced in
Figure 1 that describe physical components are: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Dynamic Random Access
Memory (DRAM) and Input Output (I/O).
Figure 1 – Block Diagram of the Software for the BC-FJA Module.
1.1.2 Physical Boundary
The BC-FJA Module runs on a General Purpose Computer (GPC). The Physical Cryptographic Boundary for the
module is the case of that computer. Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the physical components of a typical
GPC and the ports or interfaces across the Physical Cryptographic Boundary. All the physical components are
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standard electronic components; there are not any custom integrated circuits or components dedicated to FIPS
140-2 related functions.
Abbreviations introduced in Figure 2 are: Basic I/O System (BIOS), Integrated Device Electronics (IDE), Institute
of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), Peripheral Component
Interconnect (PCI), Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) and Universal Serial Bus (USB). Input
or output ports are designated by arrows with single heads, while I/O ports are indicated by bidirectional
arrows.
Figure 2 – Block Diagram of the Physical Components of a typical GPC.
For FIPS 140-2 purposes, the BC-FJA Module is defined as a “multi-chip standalone module”, therefore, the
module’s physical ports or interfaces are defined as those for the hardware of the GPC. These physical ports
are separated into the logical interfaces defined by FIPS 140-2, as shown in Table 3.
The BC-FJA Module is a software module only, and, therefore, control of the physical ports is outside of the
module’s scope. The module does provide a set of logical interfaces which are mapped to the following FIPS
140-2 defined logical interfaces: data input, data output, control input, status output, and power. When the
module performs self-tests, is in an error state, is generating keys, or performing zeroization, the module
prevents all output on the logical data output interface as only the thread performing the operation has
access to the data. The module is single-threaded, and in an error state, the module does not return any
output data, only an error value.
The mapping of the FIPS 140-2 logical interfaces to the module is described in table 3.
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Table 3 – FIPS 140-2 Logical Interfaces
Interface Module Equivalent
Data Input API input parameters – plaintext and/or ciphertext data.
Data Output API output parameters and return values – plaintext and/or ciphertext data.
Control Input API method calls – method calls, or input parameters, that specify
commands and/or control data used to control the operation of the module.
Status Output API output parameters and return/error codes that provide status
information used to indicate the state of the module.
Power Start up/Shutdown of a process containing the module.
1.2 Modes of Operation
There will be two modes of operation: Approved and Non-approved. The module will be in FIPS-approved mode
when the appropriate factory is called. To verify that a module is in the Approved Mode of operation, the user
can call a FIPS-approved mode status method (CryptoServicesRegisrar.isInApprovedOnlyMode()). If the module
is configured to allow approved and non-approved mode operation, a call to
CryptoServicesRegistrar.setApprovedMode(true) will switch the current thread of user control into approved
mode.
In FIPS-approved mode, the module will not provide non-approved algorithms, therefore, exceptions will be
called if the user tries to access non-approved algorithms in the Approved Mode.
1.3 Module Configuration
In default operation the module will start with both approved and non-approved mode enabled.
If the module detects that the system property org.bouncycastle.fips.approved_only is set to true the module
will start in approved mode and non-approved mode functionality will not be available.
If the underlying JVM is running with a Java Security Manager installed the module will be running in approved
mode with secret and private key export disabled.
Use of the module with a Java Security manager requires the setting of some basic permissions to allow the
module HMAC-SHA-256 software integrity test to take place as well as to allow the module itself to examine
secret and private keys. The basic permissions required for the module to operate correctly with a Java Security
manager are indicated by a Y in the Req column of Table 4.
Table 4 – Available Java Permissions
Permission Settings Req Usage
RuntimePermission “getProtectionDomain” Y Allows checksum to be carried
out on jar.
RuntimePermission “accessDeclaredMembers” Y Allows use of reflection API
within the provider.
PropertyPermission “java.runtime.name”, “read” N Only if configuration
properties are used.
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SecurityPermission "putProviderProperty.BCFIPS" N Only if provider installed
during execution.
CryptoServicesPermission “unapprovedModeEnabled” N Only if unapproved mode
algorithms required.
CryptoServicesPermission “changeToApprovedModeEnabled” N Only if threads allowed to
change modes.
CryptoServicesPermission “exportSecretKey” N To allow export of secret keys
only.
CryptoServicesPermission “exportPrivateKey” N To allow export of private keys
only.
CryptoServicesPermission “exportKeys” Y Required to be applied for the
module itself. Optional for any
other codebase.
CryptoServicesPermission “tlsNullDigestEnabled” N Only required for TLS digest
calculations.
CryptoServicesPermission “tlsPKCS15KeyWrapEnabled” N Only required if TLS is used
with RSA encryption.
CryptoServicesPermission “tlsAlgorithmsEnabled” N Enables both NullDigest and
PKCS15KeyWrap.
CryptoServicesPermission “defaultRandomConfig” N Allows setting of default
SecureRandom.
CryptoServicesPermission “threadLocalConfig” N Required to set a thread local
property in the
CryptoServicesRegistrar
CryptoServicesPermission “globalConfig” N Required to set a global
property in the
CryptoServicesRegistrar.
2 Cryptographic Functionality
The Module implements the FIPS Approved and Non-Approved but Allowed cryptographic functions listed in
Table 5 to Table 7, below.
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Table 5 – Approved and CAVP Validated Cryptographic Functions
Algorithm Description Cert #
AES [FIPS 197, SP 800-38A]
Functions: Encryption, Decryption
Modes: ECB, CBC, OFB, CFB8, CFB128, CTR
Key sizes: 128, 192, 256 bits
4759
AES-CBC
Ciphertext
Stealing (CS)
[Addendum to SP 800-38A, Oct 2010]
Functions: Encryption, Decryption
Modes: CBC-CS1, CBC-CS2, CBC-CS3
Key sizes: 128, 192, 256 bits
Based on 4759
CCM [SP 800-38C]
Functions: Generation, Authentication
Key sizes: 128, 192, 256 bits
4759
CMAC [SP 800-38B]
Functions: Generation, Authentication
Key sizes: AES with 128, 192, 256 bits and Triple-DES with 2-key1,2
,
3-key
4759 (AES),
2529 (Triple-
DES)
GCM/GMAC3
[SP 800-38D]
Functions: Generation, Authentication
Key sizes: 128, 192, 256 bits
4759
DRBG [SP 800-90A]
Functions: Hash DRBG, HMAC DRBG, CTR DRBG
Security Strengths: 112, 128, 192, and 256 bits
1636
DSA4
[FIPS 186-4]
Functions: PQG Generation, PQG Verification, Key Pair Generation,
Signature Generation, Signature Verification
Key sizes: 1024, 2048, 3072 bits (1024 only for SigVer)
1279
ECDSA [FIPS 186-4]
Functions: Signature Generation Component, Public Key Generation,
Signature Generation, Signature Verification, Public Key Validation
Curves/Key sizes: P-192*, P-224, P-256, P-384, P-521, K-163*, K-233,
K-283, K-409, K-571, B-163*, B-233, B-283, B-409, B-571
* Curves only used for Signature Verification and Public Key Validation
1191,
1400 (CVL)
1
2^20 block limit is enforced by module
2
In approved mode of operation, the use of 2-key Triple-DES to generate MACs for anything other than
verification purposes is non-compliant.
3
GCM with an internally generated IV, see section 8.3 concerning external IVs. IV generation is compliant with
IG A.5.
4
DSA signature generation with SHA-1 is only for use with protocols.
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Algorithm Description Cert #
HMAC [FIPS 198-1]
Functions: Generation, Authentication
SHA sizes: SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-
512/224, SHA-512/256
3170
KAS5
[SP 800-56A-rev2]
Parameter sets/Key sizes: FB, FC, EB, EC, ED, EE
135
KAS Component [SP 800-56A-rev2]
Function: ECC-CDH Primitive
Parameter sets/Key sizes: EB, EC, ED, EE
1399 (CVL)
KDF, Existing
Application-
Specific6
[SP 800-135]
Functions: TLS v1.0/1.1 KDF, TLS 1.2 KDF, SSH KDF, X9.63 KDF, IKEv2
KDF, SRTP KDF.
1398 (CVL)
KBKDF, using
Pseudorandom
Functions7
[SP 800-108]
Modes: Counter Mode, Feedback Mode, Double-Pipeline Iteration
Mode
Functions: CMAC-based KBKDF with AES, 2-key Triple-DES, 3-key
Triple-DES or HMAC-based KBKDF with SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256,
SHA-384, SHA-512
153
Key Wrapping
Using Block
Ciphers8
[SP 800-38F]
Modes: AES KW, KWP
Key sizes: 128, 192, 256 bits (provides between 128 and 256 bits of
strength)
4759 (AES)
[SP 800-38F]
Mode: Triple-DES TKW
Key size: 3-key (provides 112 bits of strength)
2529 (Triple-
DES)
RSA [FIPS 186-4, FIPS 186-2, ANSI X9.31-1998 and PKCS #1 v2.1 (PSS and
PKCS1.5)]
Functions: Key Pair Generation, Signature Generation, Signature
Verification, Component Test
Key sizes: 2048, 3072 bits (1024, 1536, 4096 only for SigVer)
2602,
1401 (CVL)
1402 (CVL)
5
Keys are not established directly into the module using the key agreement algorithms.
6
These protocols have not been reviewed or tested by the CAVP and CMVP.
7
Note: CAVP testing is not provided for use of the PRFs SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These must not be
used in approved mode.
8
Keys are not established directly into the module using key unwrapping.
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Algorithm Description Cert #
SHS [FIPS 180-4],
Functions: Digital Signature Generation, Digital Signature
Verification, non-Digital Signature Applications
SHA sizes: SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-
512/224, SHA-512/256
3901
SHA-3, SHAKE [FIPS 202]
SHA3-224, SHA3-256, SHA3-384, SHA3-512, SHAKE128, SHAKE256
38
Triple-DES (Triple-
DES)
[SP 800-67]
Functions: Encryption, Decryption
Modes: TECB, TCBC, TCFB64, TCFB8, TOFB, CTR
Key sizes: 2-key (Decryption only)9
, 3-key10
2529
Table 6 – Approved Cryptographic Functions Tested with Vendor Affirmation
Algorithm Description IG Ref.
CKG using output
from DRBG
[SP 800-133]
Section 6.1 (Asymmetric from DRBG)
Section 7.1 (Symmetric from DRBG)
Using DRBG 1636
Vendor
Affirmed IG
G.13
KAS11 using SHA-
512/224 or SHA-
512/256
[SP 800-56A-rev2]
Parameter sets/Key sizes: FB, FC, EB, EC, ED, EE12
Using CVL 1399
Vendor
Affirmed IG A.3
KDF, Password-
Based
[SP 800-132]
Options: PBKDF with Option 1a
Functions: HMAC-based KDF using SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256,
SHA-384, SHA-512
Using HMAC 3170
Vendor
Affirmed IG D.6
Key Wrapping10
Using RSA
[SP 800-56B]
RSA-KEMS-KWS with, and without, key confirmation.
Key sizes: 2048, 3072 bits
Vendor
Affirmed IG D.4
Key Transport10
Using RSA
[SP 800-56B]
RSA-OAEP with, and without, key confirmation.
Key sizes: 2048, 3072 bits
Vendor
Affirmed IG D.4
9
2^20 block limit is enforced by the module, 2-key encryption is disabled.
10
3-key Triple-DES encryption must not be used for more than 2^32 blocks for any given key.
11
Keys are not directly established into the module using key agreement or transport techniques.
12
Note: HMAC SHA-512/224 must not be used with EE.
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Table 7 – Non-Approved but Allowed Cryptographic Functions
Algorithm Description
Non-SP 800-56A-
rev2 Compliant DH
[IG D.8]
Diffie-Hellman 2048-bit key agreement primitive for use with system-level key
establishment; not used by the module to establish keys within the module (CVL Cert
#1398, key agreement; key establishment methodology provides 112 bits of
encryption strength)
Non-SP 800-56B
compliant RSA Key
Transport
[IG D.9] RSA May be used by a calling application as part of a key encapsulation
scheme.
Key sizes: 2048 and 3072 bits
MD5 within TLS [IG D.2]
Table 8 – Non-Approved Cryptographic Functions for use in non-FIPS mode only.
AES (non-compliant13
)
ARC4 (RC4)
Blowfish
Camellia
CAST5
DES
Diffie-Hellman KAS (non-compliant14
)
DSA (non-compliant15
)
DSTU4145
ECDSA (non-compliant16
)
ElGamal
GOST28147
GOST3410-1994
GOST3410-2001
KBKDF using SHA-512/224 or SHA-512/256
(non-compliant)
MD5
OpenSSL PBKDF (non-compliant)
PKCS#12 PBKDF (non-compliant)
PKCS#5 Scheme 1 PBKDF (non-compliant)
PRNG X9.31
RC2
RIPEMD128
RIPEMD160
RIPEMD256
RIPEMD320
RSA (non-compliant17
)
RSA KTS (non-compliant18
)
13
Support for additional modes of operation.
14
Support for additional key sizes and the establishment of keys of less than 112 bits of security strength.
15
Deterministic signature calculation, support for additional digests, and key sizes.
16
Deterministic signature calculation, support for additional digests, and key sizes.
17
Support for additional digests and signature formats, PKCS#1 1.5 key wrapping, support for additional key
sizes.
18
Support for additional key sizes and the establishment of keys of less than 112 bits of security strength.
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GOST3411
HMAC-GOST3411
HMAC-MD5
HMAC-RIPEMD128
HMAC-RIPEMD160
HMAC-RIPEMD256
HMAC-RIPEMD320
HMAC-TIGER
HMAC-WHIRLPOOL
IDEA
SCrypt
SEED
Serpent
SipHash
SHACAL-2
TIGER
Triple-DES (non-compliant19
)
Twofish
WHIRLPOOL
2.1 Critical Security Parameters
All CSPs used by the Module are described in this section in Table 9. All usage of these CSPs by the Module
(including all CSP lifecycle states) is described in the services detailed in Section 3.2.
Table 9 – Critical Security Parameters (CSPs)
CSP Description / Usage
AES Encryption Key
[FIPS-197, SP 800-56C, SP 800-38D, Addendum to SP 800-38A] AES (128/192/256)
encrypt key20
AES Decryption Key
[FIPS-197, SP 800-56C, SP 800-38D, Addendum to SP 800-38A] AES (128/192/256)
decrypt key
AES Authentication Key [FIPS-197] AES (128/192/256) CMAC/GMAC key
AES Wrapping Key [SP 800-38F] AES (128/192/256) key wrapping key
DH Agreement key [SP 800-56A-rev2] Diffie-Hellman (>= 2048) private key agreement key
DRBG(CTR AES)
V (128 bits) and AES key (128/192/256), entropy input (length dependent on
security strength)
DRBG(CTR Triple-DES)
V (64 bits) and Triple-DES key (192), entropy input (length dependent on security
strength)
DRBG(Hash)
V (440/888 bits) and C (440/888 bits), entropy input (length dependent on
security strength)
DRBG(HMAC)
V (160/224/256/384/512 bits) and Key (160/224/256/384/512 bits), entropy
input (length dependent on security strength)
DSA Signing Key [FIPS 186-4] DSA (2048/3072) signature generation key
19
Support for additional modes of operation.
20
The AES-GCM key and IV is generated randomly per IG A.5, and the Initialization Vector (IV) is a minimum of
96 bits. In the event module power is lost and restored, the consuming application must ensure that any of its
AES-GCM keys used for encryption or decryption are re-distributed.
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CSP Description / Usage
EC Agreement Key
[SP 800-56A-rev2] EC (All NIST defined B, K, and P curves >= 224 bits) private key
agreement key
EC Signing Key
[FIPS 186-4] ECDSA (All NIST defined B, K, and P curves >= 224 bits) signature
generation key.
HMAC Authentication
Key
[FIPS 198-1] Keyed-Hash key (SHA-1, SHA-2). Key size determined by security
strength required (>= 112 bits)
IKEv2 Derivation
Function Secret Value
[SP 800-135] Secret value used in construction of key for the specified IKEv2 PRF.
PBKDF Secret Value
[SP 800-132] Secret value used in construction of Keyed-Hash key for the specified
PRF.
RSA Signing Key [FIPS 186-4] RSA (>= 2048) signature generation key
RSA Key Transport Key [SP 800-56B] RSA (>=2048) key transport (decryption) key
SP 800-56A-rev2
Concatenation
Derivation Function
[SP 800-56A-rev2] Secret value used in construction of key for underlying PRF.
SP 800-108 KDF Secret
Value
[SP 800-108] Secret value used in construction of key for the specified PRF.
SRTP Derivation
Function Secret Value
[SP 800-135] Secret value used in construction of key for the specified SRTP PRF.
SSH Derivation Function
Secret Value
[SP 800-135] Secret value used in construction of key for the specified SSH PRF.
TLS KDF Secret Value
[SP 800-135] Secret value used in construction of Keyed-Hash key for the specified
TLS PRF.
Triple-DES
Authentication Key
[SP 800-67] Triple-DES (128/192) CMAC key
Triple-DES Encryption
Key
[SP 800-67] Triple-DES (192) encryption key
Triple-DES Decryption
Key
[SP 800-67] Triple-DES (128/192) decryption key
Triple-DES Wrapping Key
[SP 800-38F] Triple-DES (192 bits) key wrapping/unwrapping key, (128
unwrapping only).
X9.63 KDF Secret Value
[SP 800-135] Secret value used in construction of Keyed-Hash key for the specified
X9.63 PRF.
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2.2 Public Keys
Table 10 – Public Keys
CSP Description / Usage
DH Agreement Key [SP 800-56A-rev2] Diffie-Hellman (>= 2048) public key agreement key
DSA Verification Key [FIPS 186-4] DSA (1024/2048/3072) signature verification key
EC Agreement Key [SP 800-56A-rev2] EC (All NIST defined B, K, and P curves) public key agreement key
EC Verification Key [FIPS 186-4] ECDSA (All NIST defined B, K, and P curves) signature verification key
RSA Key Transport Key [SP 800-56B] RSA (>=2048) key transport (encryption) key.
RSA Verification Key [FIPS 186-4] RSA (>= 1024) signature verification key
3 Roles, Authentication and Services
3.1 Assumption of Roles
The module supports two distinct operator roles, User and Cryptographic Officer (CO). The cryptographic
module implicitly maps the two roles to the services. A user is considered the owner of the thread that
instantiates the module and, therefore, only one concurrent user is allowed.
Table 11 lists all operator roles supported by the module. The module does not support a maintenance role
and/or bypass capability. The module does not support authentication.
Table 11 – Roles Description
Role ID Role Description Authentication Type
CO Cryptographic Officer –
Powers on and off the
module.
N/A – Authentication not
required for Level 1
User User – The user of the
complete API.
N/A – Authentication not
required for Level 1
3.2 Services
All services implemented by the Module are listed in Table 12 below and Table 13 describes all usage of CSPs
by the service.
Table 12 lists the services. The second column provides a description of each service and availability to the
Cryptographic Officer and User, in columns 3 and 4, respectively.
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Table 12 – Services
Service Description CO U
Initialize Module and Run
Self-Tests on Demand
The JRE will call the static constructor for self-tests on module
initialization.
X
Show Status A user can call FipsStatus.IsReady() at any time to determine if the
module is ready.
CryptoServicesRegistrar.IsInApprovedOnlyMode() can be called to
determine the FIPS mode of operation.
X
Zeroize / Power-off The module uses the JVM garbage collector on thread termination. X
Data Encryption Used to encrypt data. X
Data Decryption Used to decrypt data. X
MAC Calculation Used to calculate data integrity codes with CMAC. X
Signature Authentication Used to generate signatures (DSA, ECDSA, RSA). X
Signature Verification Used to verify digital signatures. X
DRBG (SP800-90A) output Used for random number, IV and key generation. X
Message Hashing Used to generate a SHA-1, SHA-2, or SHA-3 message digest, SHAKE
output.
X
Keyed Message Hashing Used to calculate data integrity codes with HMAC. X
TLS Key Derivation Function (secret input) (outputs secret) Used to calculate a value suitable to
be used for a master secret in TLS from a pre-master secret and
additional input.
X
SP 800-108 KDF (secret input) (outputs secret) Used to calculate a value suitable to
be used for a secret key from an input secret and additional input.
X
SSH Derivation Function (secret input) (outputs secret) Used to calculate a value suitable to
be used for a secret key from an input secret and additional input.
X
X9.63 Derivation Function (secret input) (outputs secret) Used to calculate a value suitable to
be used for a secret key from an input secret and additional input.
X
SP 800-56A-rev2
Concatenation Derivation
Function
(secret input) (outputs secret) Used to calculate a value suitable to
be used for a secret key from an input secret and additional input. X
IKEv2 Derivation Function (secret input) (outputs secret) Used to calculate a value suitable to
be used for a secret key from an input secret and additional input.
X
SRTP Derivation Function (secret input) (outputs secret) Used to calculate a value suitable to
be used for a secret key from an input secret and additional input.
X
PBKDF (secret input) (outputs secret) Used to generate a key using an
encoding of a password and an additional function such as a
message hash.
X
Key Agreement Schemes Used to calculate key agreement values (SP 800-56A, Diffie-
Hellman).
X
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Service Description CO U
Key Wrapping Used to encrypt a key value. (RSA, AES, Triple-DES) X
Key Unwrapping Used to decrypt a key value. (RSA, AES, Triple-DES) X
NDRNG Callback Gathers entropy in a passive manner from a user-provided function X
Utility Miscellaneous utility functions, does not access CSPs X
Note: The module services are the same in the approved and non-approved modes of operation. The only
difference is the function(s) used (approved/allowed or non-approved/non-allowed).
Services in the module are accessed via the public APIs of the Jar file. The ability of a thread to invoke non-
approved services depends on whether it has been registered with the module as approved mode only. In
approved only mode no non-approved services are accessible. In the presence of a Java SecurityManager
approved mode services specific to a context, such as DSA and ECDSA for use in TLS, require specific permissions
to be configured in the JVM configuration by the Cryptographic Officer or User.
In the absence of a Java SecurityManager specific services related to protocols such as TLS are available,
however must only be used in relation to those protocols.
Table 13 defines the relationship between access to CSPs and the different module services. The modes of
access shown in the table are defined as:
• G = Generate: The module generates the CSP.
• R = Read: The module reads the CSP. The read access is typically performed before the module uses
the CSP.
• E = Execute: The module executes using the CSP.
• W = Write: The module writes the CSP. The write access is typically performed after a CSP is imported
into the module, when the module generates a CSP, or when the module overwrites an existing CSP.
• Z = Zeroize: The module zeroizes the CSP.
Table 13 – CSP Access Rights within Services
Service
CSPs
AES
Keys
DH
Keys
DRBG
Keys
DSA
Keys
EC
Agreement
Key
ECDSA
Key
HMAC
Keys
KDF
Secret
Values
RSA
Keys
Triple-DES
Keys
Initialize Module and Run Self-
Tests on Demand
Show Status
Zeroize / Power-off Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
Data Encryption R R
Data Decryption R R
MAC Calculation R R R
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Service
CSPs
AES
Keys
DH
Keys
DRBG
Keys
DSA
Keys
EC
Agreement
Key
ECDSA
Key
HMAC
Keys
KDF
Secret
Values
RSA
Keys
Triple-DES
Keys
Signature Authentication R R R
Signature Verification R R R
DRBG (SP800-90A) output G G G,R G G G G G G
Message Hashing
Keyed Message Hashing R
TLS Key Derivation Function R
SP 800-108 KDF R
SSH Derivation Function R
X9.63 Derivation Function R
SP 800-56A-rev2 Concatenation
Derivation Function
R
IKEv2 Derivation Function R
SRTP Derivation Function R
PBKDF G,R
Key Agreement Schemes G R R R R G
Key Wrapping/Transport (RSA,
AES, Triple-DES)
R R R R
Key Unwrapping (RSA, AES,
Triple-DES)
R R R R
NDRNG Callback G
Utility
4 Self-tests
Each time the module is powered up, it tests that the cryptographic algorithms still operate correctly and that
sensitive data have not been damaged. Power-up self–tests are available on demand by power cycling the
module.
On power-up or reset, the module performs the self-tests that are described in Table 14 below. All KATs must
be completed successfully prior to any other use of cryptography by the Module. If one of the KATs fails, the
module enters the Self-Test Failure error state. The module will output a detailed error message when
FipsStatus.isReady() is called. The error state can only be cleared by reloading the module and calling
FipsStatus.isReady() again to confirm successful completion of the KATs.
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Table 14 – Power Up Self-tests
Test Target Description
Software Integrity HMAC-SHA256
AES KATs: Encryption, Decryption
Modes: ECB
Key sizes: 128 bits
CCM KATs: Generation, Verification
Key sizes: 128 bits
AES-CMAC KATs: Generation, Verification
Key sizes: AES with 128 bits
FFC KAS KATs: Per IG 9.6 – Primitive “Z” Computation
Parameter Sets/Key sizes: FB
DRBG KATs: HASH_DRBG, HMAC_DRBG, CTR_DRBG
Security Strengths: 256 bits
DSA KAT: Signature Generation, Signature Verification
Key sizes: 2048 bits
ECDSA KAT: Signature Generation, Signature Verification
Curves/Key sizes: P-256
GCM/GMAC KATs: Generation, Verification
Key sizes: 128 bits
HMAC KATs: Generation, Verification
SHA sizes: SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224, SHA-512/256
KAS KATs: Per IG 9.6 – Primitive “Z” Computation
Parameter Sets/Key sizes: FB
RSA KATs: Signature Generation, Signature Verification
Key sizes: 2048 bits
SHS KATs: Output Verification
SHA sizes: SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224, SHA-512/256,
SHA3-224, SHA3-256, SHA3-384, SHA3-512
Triple-DES KATs: Encryption, Decryption
Mode: TECB
Key sizes: 3-Key
Triple-DES-CMAC KATs: Generation, Verification
Key sizes: 3-Key
Extendable-Output
functions (XOF)
KATs: Output Verification
XOFs: SHAKE128, SHAKE256
Key Wrapping
Using RSA
KATs: SP 800-56B specific KATs per IG D.4
Key sizes: 2048 bits
Key Transport
Using RSA
KATs: SP 800-56B specific KATs per IG D.4
Key sizes: 2048 bits
Table 15 – Conditional Self-tests
Test Target Description
NDRNG NDRNG Continuous Test performed when a random value is requested from the NDRNG.
DH DH Pairwise Consistency Test performed on every DH key pair generation.
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Test Target Description
DRBG DRBG Continuous Test performed when a random value is requested from the DRBG.
DSA DSA Pairwise Consistency Test performed on every DSA key pair generation.
ECDSA ECDSA Pairwise Consistency Test performed on every EC key pair generation.
RSA RSA Pairwise Consistency Test performed on every RSA key pair generation.
DRBG Health
Checks
Performed conditionally on DRBG, per SP 800-90A Section 11.3. Required per IG C.1.
SP 800-56A
Assurances
Performed conditionally per SP 800-56A Sections 5.5.2, 5.6.2, and/or 5.6.3. Required per IG
9.6.
5 Physical Security Policy
The module is a software-only module and does not have physical security mechanisms.
6 Operational Environment
The module operates in a modifiable operational environment under the FIPS 140-2 definitions.
The module runs on a GPC running one of the operating systems specified in the approved operational
environment list. Each approved operating system manages processes and threads in a logically separated
manner. The Module’s user is considered the owner of the calling application that instantiates the Module
within the process space of the Java Virtual Machine.
The module optionally uses the Java Security Manager and starts in FIPS-approved mode by default when used
with the Java Security Manager. When the module is not used within the context of the Java Security Manager,
it will start by default in the non-FIPS-approved mode.
6.1 Use of External RNG
The module makes use of the JVM's configured SecureRandom entropy source to provide entropy when
required. The module will request entropy as appropriate to the security strength and seeding configuration
for the DRBG that is using it. In approved mode the minimum amount of entropy that would be requested is
112 bits with a larger minimum being set if the security strength of the operation requires it.. The module will
wait until the SecureRandom.generateSeed() returns the requested amount of entropy, blocking if necessary.
7 Mitigation of Other Attacks Policy
The Module implements basic protections to mitigate against timing-based attacks against its internal
implementations. There are two countermeasures used.
The first is Constant Time Comparisons, which protect the digest and integrity algorithms by strictly avoiding
“fast fail” comparison of MACs, signatures, and digests so the time taken to compare a MAC, signature, or
digest is constant regardless of whether the comparison passes or fails.
The second is made up of Numeric Blinding and decryption/signing verification which both protect the RSA
algorithm.
Numeric Blinding prevents timing attacks against RSA decryption and signing by providing a random input into
the operation which is subsequently eliminated when the result is produced. The random input makes it
impossible for a third party observing the private key operation to attempt a timing attack on the operation
as they do not have knowledge of the random input and consequently the time taken for the operation
tells them nothing about the private value of the RSA key.
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Decryption/signing verification is carried out by calculating a primitive encryption or signature verification
operation after a corresponding decryption or signing operation before the result of the decryption or
signing operation is returned. The purpose of this is to protect against Lenstra's CRT attack by verifying the
correctness the private key calculations involved. Lenstra's CRT attack takes advantage of undetected errors
in the use of RSA private keys with CRT values and, if exploitable, can be used to discover the private value
of the RSA key.
8 Security Rules and Guidance
8.1 Basic Enforcement
The module design corresponds to the Module security rules. This section documents the security rules
enforced by the cryptographic module to implement the security requirements of this FIPS 140-2 Level 1
module.
1. The module shall provide two distinct operator roles: User and Cryptographic Officer.
2. The module does not provide authentication.
3. The operator shall be capable of commanding the module to perform the power up self-tests by cycling
power or resetting the module.
4. Power up self-tests do not require any operator action.
5. Data output shall be inhibited during key generation, self-tests, zeroization, and error states.
6. Status information does not contain CSPs or sensitive data that if misused could lead to a compromise
of the module.
7. There are no restrictions on which keys or CSPs are zeroized by the zeroization service.
8. The module does not support concurrent operators.
9. The module does not have any external input/output devices used for entry/output of data.
10. The module does not enter or output plaintext CSPs from the module’s physical boundary.
11. The module does not output intermediate key values.
8.2 Additional Enforcement with a Java SecurityManager
In the presence of a Java SecurityManager approved mode services specific to a context, such as DSA and ECDSA
for use in TLS, require specific policy permissions to be configured in the JVM configuration by the
Cryptographic Officer or User. The SecurityManager can also be used to restrict the ability of particular code
bases to examine CSPs. See section 8 for further advice on this.
In the absence of a Java SecurityManager specific services related to protocols such as TLS are available,
however must only be used in relation to those protocols.
8.3 Basic Guidance
The jar file representing the module needs to be installed in a JVM's class path in a manner appropriate to its
use in applications running on the JVM.
Functionality in the module is provided in two ways. At the lowest level there are distinct classes that provide
access to the FIPS approved and non-FIPS approved services provided by the module. A more abstract level of
access can also be gained through the use of strings providing operation names passed into the module's Java
cryptography provider through the APIs described in the Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA) and the Java
Cryptography Extension (JCE).
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When the module is being used in FIPS approved-only mode, classes providing implementations of algorithms
which are not FIPS approved, or allowed, are explicitly disabled.
8.4 Enforcement and Guidance for GCM IVs
IVs for GCM can be generated randomly, where an IV is not generated randomly the module supports the
importing of GCM IVs.
In approved mode, when a GCM IV is generated randomly, the module enforces the use of an approved DRGB
in line with Section 8.2.2 of SP 800-38D.
In approved mode, importing a GCM IV for encryption is non-conformant.
Per IG A.5, section 2.1 of this security policy also states that in the event module power is lost and restored the
consuming application must ensure that any of its AES-GCM keys used for encryption or decryption are re-
distributed.
8.5 Enforcement and Guidance for use of the Approved PBKDF
In line with the requirements for SP 800-132, keys generated using the approved PBKDF must only be used for
storage applications. Any other use of the approved PBKDF is non-conformant.
In approved mode the module enforces that any password used must encode to at least 14 bytes (112 bits) and
that the salt is at least 16 bytes (128 bits) long. The iteration count associated with the PBKDF should be as
large as practical.
As the module is a general purpose software module, it is not possible to anticipate all the levels of use for the
PBKDF, however a user of the module should also note that a password should at least contain enough entropy
to be unguessable and also contain enough entropy to reflect the security strength required for the key being
generated. In the event a password encoding is simply based on ASCII a 14 byte password is unlikely to contain
sufficient entropy for most purposes. Users are referred to Appendix A, “Security Considerations” of SP 800-
132 for further information on password, salt, and iteration count selection.
9 References and Definitions
The following standards are referred to in this Security Policy.
Table 16 – References
Abbreviation Full Specification Name
ANSI X9.31
X9.31-1998, Digital Signatures using Reversible Public Key Cryptography for the Financial Services
Industry (rDSA), September 9, 1998
FIPS 140-2 Security Requirements for Cryptographic modules, May 25, 2001
FIPS 180-4 Secure Hash Standard (SHS)
FIPS 186-3 Digital Signature Standard (DSS)
FIPS 186-4 Digital Signature Standard (DSS)
FIPS 197 Advanced Encryption Standard
FIPS 198-1 The Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC)
FIPS 202 SHA-3 Standard: Permutation-Based Hash and Extendable-Output Functions
IG Implementation Guidance for FIPS PUB 140-2 and the Cryptographic Module Validation Program
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Abbreviation Full Specification Name
PKCS#1 v2.1 RSA Cryptography Standard
PKCS#5 Password-Based Cryptography Standard
PKCS#12
Personal Information Exchange Syntax Standard Recommendation for the Triple Data Encryption
Algorithm (TDEA) Block Cipher
SP 800-38A
Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Three Variants of Ciphertext Stealing for CBC
Mode
SP 800-38B Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The CMAC Mode for Authentication
SP 800-38C
Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The CCM Mode for Authentication and
Confidentiality
SP 800-38D Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC
SP 800-38F Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Methods for Key Wrapping
SP 800-56A Recommendation for Pair-Wise Key Establishment Schemes Using Discrete Logarithm Cryptography
SP 800-56B Recommendation for Pair-Wise Key Establishment Schemes Using Integer Factorization Cryptography
SP 800-56C Recommendation for Key Derivation through Extraction-then-Expansion
SP 800-67 Recommendation for the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA) Block Cipher
SP 800-89 Recommendation for Obtaining Assurances for Digital Signature Applications
SP 800-90A Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators
SP 800-108 Recommendation for Key Derivation Using Pseudorandom Functions
SP 800-132 Recommendation for Password-Based Key Derivation
SP 800-133 Recommendation for Cryptographic Key Generation
SP 800-135 Recommendation for Existing Application – Specific Key Derivation Functions
Table 17 – Acronyms and Definitions
Acronym Definition
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
API Application Programming Interface
BC Bouncy Castle
BC-FJA Bouncy Castle FIPS Java API
CBC Cipher-Block Chaining
CCM Counter with CBC-MAC
CDH Computational Diffie-Hellman
CFB Cipher Feedback Mode
CMAC Cipher-based Message Authentication Code
CMVP Crypto Module Validation Program
CO Cryptographic Officer
CPU Central Processing Unit
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Acronym Definition
CS Ciphertext Stealing
CSP Critical Security Parameter
CTR Counter-mode
CVL Component Validation List
DES Data Encryption Standard
DH Diffie-Hellman
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
DRBG Deterministic Random Bit Generator
DSA Digital Signature Authority
DSTU4145 Ukrainian DSTU-4145-2002 Elliptic Curve Scheme
EC Elliptic Curve
ECB Electronic Code Book
ECC Elliptic Curve Cryptography
ECDSA Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Authority
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
FIPS Federal Information Processing Standards
GCM Galois/Counter Mode
GMAC Galois Message Authentication Code
GOST Gosudarstvennyi Standard Soyuza SSR/Government Standard of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
GPC General Purpose Computer
HMAC key-Hashed Message Authentication Code
IG See References
JAR Java ARchive
JCA Java Cryptography Architecture
JCE Java Cryptography Extension
JDK Java Development Kit
JRE Java Runtime Environment
JVM Java Virtual Machine
IV Initialization Vector
KAS Key Agreement Scheme
KAT Known Answer Test
KDF Key Derivation Function
KW Key Wrap
KWP Key Wrap with Padding
MAC Message Authentication Code
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Acronym Definition
MD5 Message Digest algorithm MD5
N/A Non Applicable
NDRNG Non Deterministic Random Number Generator
OCB Offset Codebook Mode
OFB Output Feedback
OS Operating System
PBKDF Password-Based Key Derivation Function
PKCS Public Key Cryptography Standards
PQG Diffie-Hellman Parameters P, Q and G
RC Rivest Cipher, Ron’s Code
RIPEMD RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest
RSA Rivest Shamir Adleman
SHA Secure Hash Algorithm
TCBC TDEA Cipher-Block Chaining
TCFB TDEA Cipher Feedback Mode
TDEA Triple Data Encryption Algorithm
TDES Triple Data Encryption Standard
TECB TDEA Electronic Codebook
TOFB TDEA Output Feedback
TLS Transport Layer Security
USB Universal Serial Bus
XOF Extendable-Output Function