This non-proprietary Security Policy may only be copied in its entirety without alterations including this statement. Samsung copyright 2018
Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series
FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy
Document Revision: 1.0
H/W version: MZWLL3T8HAJQ-000G6, MZWLL3T8HAJQ-00AG6,
MZWLL15THMLA-00AG6
F/W version: NA04
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Revision History
Author(s) Version Updates
Seungjae Lee 1.0 Initial Version
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 4
1.1. Hardware and Physical Cryptographic Boundary ........................................................ 5
1.2. Firmware and Logical Cryptographic Boundary.......................................................... 8
2. Acronym .................................................................................................................................. 9
3. Security Level Specification.................................................................................................. 10
4. Cryptographic Functionality.................................................................................................. 11
4.1. Approved algorithms.................................................................................................. 11
4.2. Non-Approved Algorithm .......................................................................................... 12
4.3. Critical Security Parameters....................................................................................... 13
4.4. Public Security Parameters......................................................................................... 15
5. Physical Ports and Logical Interfaces.................................................................................... 16
6. Roles, Services and Authentication ....................................................................................... 17
6.1. Roles........................................................................................................................... 17
6.2. Authentication ............................................................................................................ 18
6.3. Services....................................................................................................................... 19
6.3.1. Authenticated Services .................................................................................... 19
Unauthenticated Services.............................................................................................. 20
7. Physical security policy ......................................................................................................... 21
8. Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMI/EMC).......................... 24
9. Mitigation of Other Attacks Policy........................................................................................ 25
10. Security rules .................................................................................................................. 26
10.1. Secure Installation................................................................................................... 26
10.2. Operational description of Module......................................................................... 27
10.3. Power-on Self-Tests................................................................................................ 28
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1. Introduction
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (“Samsung”) NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series, herein
after referred to as a “cryptographic module” or “module”, SSD (Solid State Drive), satisfies all
applicable FIPS 140‐2 Security Level 2 requirements, supporting TCG Opal SSC based SED (Self‐
Encrypting Drive) features, designed to protect unauthorized access to the user data stored in
its NAND Flash memories. The built‐in AES HW engines in the cryptographic module’s controller
provide on‐the‐fly encryption and decryption of the user data without performance loss. The
SED’s nature also provides instantaneous sanitization of the user data via cryptographic erase.
Module Name Hardware Version
Firmware
Version
Drive
Capacity
Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series
MZWLL3T8HAJQ‐000G6
MZWLL3T8HAJQ‐00AG6 NA04
3.8TB
MZWLL15THMLA‐00AG6 15.3TB
Exhibit 1 – Versions of Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series.
Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series
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1.1. Hardware and Physical Cryptographic Boundary
The following photographs show the cryptographic module’s top and bottom views. The
multiple‐chip standalone cryptographic module consists of hardware and firmware
components that are all enclosed in two aluminum alloy cases, which serve as the
cryptographic boundary of the module. The top and bottom cases are assembled by screws and
the tamper‐evident labels are applied for the detection of any opening of the cases. No security
relevant component can be seen within the visible spectrum through the opaque enclosure.
New firmware versions within the scope of this validation must be validated through the FIPS
140‐2 CMVP. Any other firmware loaded into this module is out of the scope of this validation
and requires a separate FIPS 140‐2 validation.
Exhibit 2 – Specification of the Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b
Series (MZWLL3T8HAJQ‐000G6) Cryptographic Boundary (From top to bottom –
Left to right: top side, bottom side, front side, back side, left side, and right side).
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Exhibit 3 – Specification of the Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b
Series (MZWLL3T8HAJQ‐00AG6) Cryptographic Boundary (From top to bottom –
Left to right: top side, bottom side, front side, back side, left side, and right side).
Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series
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Exhibit 4 – Specification of the Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b
Series (MZWLL15THMLA‐00AG6) Cryptographic Boundary (From top to bottom –
Left to right: top side, bottom side, front side, back side, left side, and right side).
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1.2. Firmware and Logical Cryptographic Boundary
The PM1723b series use a single ship controller with a NVMe interface on the system side and
Samsung NAND flash internally. The following figure depicts the Module operational
environment.
Exhibit 5 – Block Diagram for Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs
PM1723b Series.
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2. Acronym
Acronym Description
CTRL EPiC2 Controller (SAMSUNG EPiC2 NVMe TLC/MLC
SSD Controller)
NVMe I/F Non‐Volatile Memory Express Interface
CPU Central Processing Unit (ARM‐based)
DRAM I/F Dynamic Random Access Memory Interface
ECC Error Correcting Code
SRAM Static Random Access Memory
NAND I/F NAND Flash Interface
PMIC Power Management Integrated Circuit
ROM Read‐only Memory
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
NAND NAND Flash Memory
LBA Logical Block Address
MEK Media Encryption Key
MSID Manufactured SID(Security Identifier)
Exhibit 6 – Acronym and Descriptions for Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC
SEDs PM1723b Series.
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3. Security Level Specification
Security Requirements Area Level
Cryptographic Module Specification 2
Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces 2
Roles, Services, and Authentication 2
Finite State Model 2
Physical Security 2
Operational Environment N/A
Cryptographic Key Management 2
EMI/EMC 3
Self‐tests 2
Design Assurance 2
Mitigation of Other Attacks N/A
Exhibit 7 – Security Level Table.
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4. Cryptographic Functionality
4.1. Approved algorithms
The cryptographic module supports the following Approved algorithms for secure data storage:
CAVP
Cert.
Algorithm Standard Mode /
Method
Key Lengths,
Curves or Moduli
Use
5007 AES FIPS 197
SP 800‐38E
XTS 256‐bit Data Encryption
/ Decryption
Note: AES‐ECB is the
pre‐requisite for AES‐
XTS; AES‐ECB alone is
NOT supported by
the cryptographic
module in FIPS
Mode.
Vendor
Affirmed
CKG SP800‐133 Cryptographic
Key Generation
C1290 DRBG SP 800‐90A
Revision 1
Hash_ DRBG
(SHA‐256)
Deterministic
Random Bit
Generation
C1291 ECDSA FIPS 186‐4 SigVer P‐224 Digital Signature
Verification
C1184 SHS FIPS 180‐4 SHA‐256 Message Digest
Exhibit 8 ‐ Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series Approved
Algorithms.
NOTE 1: This module supports AES‐XTS which is only approved for storage applications.
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4.2. Non‐Approved Algorithm
The cryptographic module supports the following non‐Approved but allowed algorithms:
Algorithm Use
NDRNG Non‐deterministic Random Number Generator
(only used for generating seed materials for the
Approved DRBG)
NDRNG provides a minimum of 440 bits of entropy
for DRBG seed
Exhibit 9 ‐ Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series non‐Approved
but allowed algorithms.
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4.3. Critical Security Parameters
The cryptographic module contains the following Keys and CSPs:
CSPs Generation, Storage and Zeroization Methods
DRBG Internal State
Note: The values of V
and C are the “secret
values” of the internal
state.
Generation: SP 800‐90A HASH_DRBG (SHA‐256)
Storage: Plaintext in SRAM
Zeroization: via “Initialization”, “Erase an LBA Range’s
Data”, “Change the Password” and “Zeroize” service
DRBG Seed Generation: NDRNG
Storage: Plaintext in DRAM
Zeroization: via “Initialization”, “Erase an LBA Range’s
Data”, “Change the Password” and “Zeroize” service
DRBG Entropy Input
String
Generation: NDRNG
Storage: Plaintext in DRAM
Zeroization: via “Initialization”, “Erase an LBA Range’s
Data”, “Change the Password” and “Zeroize” service
CO Password Generation: N/A
Storage: Plaintext in Flash Memory and used in SRAM
Zeroization: via “Initialization”, “Change the Password”
and “Zeroize” service
User Password Generation: N/A
Storage: Plaintext in Flash Memory and used in SRAM
Zeroization: via “Initialization” service, “Erase an LBA
Range’s Data” and “Zeroize” service
MEK Generation: SP 800‐90A HASH_DRBG (SHA‐256)
As per SP 800‐133 Section 7.1, key generation is
performed as per the "Direct Generation: of Symmetric
Keys" which is an Approved key generation method
Key Type: AES‐XTS 256
Storage: Plaintext in Flash Memory and used in SRAM
Zeroization: via “Initialization”, “Lock an LBA Range”,
“Erase an LBA Range’s Data” and “Zeroize” service
Exhibit 10 – CSPs and details on Generation, Storage and Zeroization Methods.
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NOTE 2: In accordance with FIPS 140‐2 IG D.12, the cryptographic module performs
Cryptographic Key Generation (CKG) as per SP 800‐133 (Vendor Affirmed). The resulting
generated symmetric key is the unmodified output from SP 800‐90A DRBG.
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4.4. Public Security Parameters
Public Keys Generation, Storage and Zeroization Methods
FW Verification Key
(ECDSA Public Key)
Generation: N/A
Key Type: ECDSA P‐224
Storage: Plaintext in Flash Memory and used in SRAM
Zeroization: N/A
Exhibit 11 – Public Keys and details on Generation, Storage and Zeroization
Methods
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5. Physical Ports and Logical Interfaces
Physical Port Logical Interface
NVMe Connector
Data Input/Output
Control Input
Status Output
Power Input
Exhibit 12 – Specification of the Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b
Series Cryptographic Module Physical Ports and Logical Interfaces.
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6. Roles, Services and Authentication
6.1. Roles
The following table defines the roles, type of authentication, and associated authenticated data
types supported by the cryptographic module:
Role Authentication Data
CO Role Password
User Role Password
FW Loader ECDSA
Exhibit 13 ‐ Roles and Required Identification and Authentication
(FIPS 140‐2 Table C1).
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6.2. Authentication
The authentication mechanism allows a minimum 6-byte length or longer (32-byte) Password,
where each byte can be any of 0x00 to 0xFF, for every Cryptographic Officer and User role
supported by the module, which means a single random attempt can succeed with the probability
of 1/248
or lower.
Each Password authentication attempt takes at least 10ms and the number of attempts is limited
to TryLimit, a configurable parameter which is set to 1024 in manufacturing time. Since the
module takes at least 4 seconds to be ready after power-on and 1024 authentication failures
require a power-cycle, it would take a total of 14,240ms((10ms *1024) + 4000ms) for every
1024th
authentication attempt. Therefore the number of attempts possible in a minute period is
limited to only 4400 attempts (60000ms== (10ms*1024 attempts + 4000ms)*4 + (10ms * 304
attempts)).
Therefore, the probability of multiple random attempts to succeed in one minute is 4400 / 248
,
which is much less than the FIPS 140-2 requirement 1/100,000.
The authentication mechanism for FW Loader role is ECDSA P-224 with SHA256 digital
signature verification, which means a single random attempt, can succeed with the probability of
1/2112
.
Each ECDSA Signature Verification authentication attempt takes at least 600ms. Since the
module takes at least 4 seconds to be ready after power-on. It would take a total of 4600ms for
every FW download attempt. This enforces the maximum number of attempts to be no more than
13 attempts (60000ms/4600ms) in a minute period. Therefore, the probability of multiple random
attempts to succeed in one minute is 13/2112
, which is much less than the FIPS 140-2 requirement
1/100,000.
Authentication Mechanism Strength of Mechanism
Password (Min: 6 bytes, Max:
32 bytes) Authentication
- Probability of 1/248
in a single
random attempt
- Probability of 4400/248
in multiple
random attempts in a minute
ECDSA Signature Verification - Probability of 1/2112
in a single
random attempt
- Probability of 13/2112
in multiple
random attempts in a minute
Exhibit 14 ‐ Strengths of Authentication Mechanisms
(FIPS 140‐2 Table C2).
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6.3. Services
6.3.1. Authenticated Services
The following table lists roles, services, cryptographic keys, CSPs and Public Keys and the types
of access that are available to each of the authorized roles via the corresponding services:
* Type(s) of Access indicated using “O” marker.
Role Service
Cryptographic Keys,
CSPs and Public Keys
Type(s) of Access
R=
Read
W=
Write
G=
Generate
Z=
Zeroize
Cryptographic
Officer
Initialization
DRBG Internal State O O O
DRBG Seed O O O
DRBG Entropy Input String O O O
CO Password O O
MEK O O
Drive Extended Status N/A N/A
Admin/User Authority
Enable/Disable
N/A N/A
Lock an LBA Range MEK O
Unlock an LBA Range MEK O
Configure an LBA Range N/A N/A
Erase an LBA Range’s
Data
DRBG Internal State O O O
DRBG Seed O O O
DRBG Entropy Input String O O O
MEK O O
Change the Password. CO Password O O
User
Unlock an LBA Range MEK O
Set User Password User Password O
Lock an LBA Range MEK O
Configure an LBA Range N/A N/A
FW Loader Update the firmware FW Verification Key O
Exhibit 15 – Services Authorized for Roles, Access Rights within Services (FIPS
140‐2 Table C3, Table C4).
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Unauthenticated Services
The following table lists the unauthenticated services:
* Type(s) of Access indicated using “O” marker.
Role
Unauthenticated
Service
Cryptographic Keys & CSPs
Type(s) of Access
R=
Read
W=
Write
G=
Generate
Z=
Zeroize
Cryptographic
Officer, User and
FW Loader
Zeroize
DRBG Internal State O
DRBG Seed O
DRBG Entropy Input String O
CO Password O
User Password O
MEK O
Cryptographic
Officer, User and
FW Loader
Get Random
Number
DRBG Internal State O O O
DRBG Seed O O O
DRBG Entropy Input String O O O
Cryptographic
Officer, User and
FW Loader
Get MSID N/A N/A
Cryptographic
Officer, User and
FW Loader
Show Status N/A N/A
Cryptographic
Officer, User and
FW Loader
Self-test N/A N/A
Exhibit 16 – Unauthenticated Service, Cryptographic Keys & CSPs and Type(s) of
Access.
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7. Physical security policy
The following physical security mechanisms are implemented in a cryptographic module:
• The Module consists of production-grade components enclosed in an aluminum alloy
enclosure, which is opaque within the visible spectrum. The top panel of the enclosure can be
removed by unscrewing screws. However, the module is sealed with tamper-evident labels in
accordance with FIPS 140-2 Level 2 Physical Security requirements so that tampering is easily
detected when the top and bottom cases are detached.
• 2 tamper-evident labels are applied over both top and bottom cases of the module at the
factory. The tamper-evident labels are not removed and reapplied without tamper evidence.
The following table summarizes the actions required by the Cryptographic Officer Role to ensure
that physical security is maintained:
Physical Security
Mechanisms
Recommended
Frequency of
Inspection/Test
Inspection/Test Guidance Details
Production grade
cases
As often as feasible
Inspect the entire perimeter for cracks,
gouges, lack of screw(s) and other signs of
tampering. Remove from service if
tampering found.
Tamper-evident
Sealing Labels
Inspect the sealing labels for scratches,
gouges, cuts and other signs of tampering.
Remove from service if tampering found.
Exhibit 17 ‐ Inspection/Testing of Physical Security Mechanisms
(FIPS 140‐2 Table C5)
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Exhibit 18 – Tamper Evident Label Placement
Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series
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Exhibit 19 – Example Signs of Tamper
NOTE 3: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd has excluded the following components as per AS01.09:
 Power electronics:
2203-009819 MZWLL3T8HAJQ-000G6
MZWLL3T8HAJQ-00AG6
MZWLL15THMLA-00AG6
2203-009821 MZWLL3T8HAJQ-000G6
MZWLL3T8HAJQ-00AG6
MZWLL15THMLA-00AG6
2703-004649 MZWLL3T8HAJQ-000G6
MZWLL3T8HAJQ-00AG6
MZWLL15THMLA-00AG6
 Storage IC:
K9OMGY8H5A-C### MZWLL3T8HAJQ-000G6
MZWLL3T8HAJQ-00AG6
K9DVGB8J1M-E### MZWLL15THMLA-00AG6
The components do not process any CSPs, Plaintext data, or other information that if misused
could lead to compromise.
Label 1
Label 2
Label 2
Label 1
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8. Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMI/EMC)
The cryptographic module conforms to the EMI/EMC requirements specified by 47 Code of
Federal Regulations, Part 15, Subpart B, Unintentional Radiators, Digital Devices, Class B.
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9. Mitigation of Other Attacks Policy
The cryptographic module has not been designed to mitigate any specific attacks beyond the
scope of FIPS 140-2.
Other
Attacks
Mitigation
Mechanism
Specific
Limitations
N/A N/A N/A
Exhibit 20 ‐ Mitigation of Other Attacks (FIPS 140‐2 Table C6)
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10. Security rules
The following specifies the security rules under which the cryptographic module shall operate in
accordance with FIPS 140-2:
 The cryptographic module operates always in FIPS Mode once shipped from the
vendor's manufacturing site.
 The steps necessary for the secure installation, initialization and start-up of the
cryptographic module as per FIPS 140-2 VE10.03.01 are as follows:
10.1. Secure Installation
o Step1. User should examine the tamper evidence
 Inspect the entire perimeter for cracks, gouges, lack of screw(s)
and other signs of tampering including the tamper evident sealing
label.
 If there is any sign of tampering, do not use the product and
contact Samsung.
o Step2. Identify the firmware version in the device
 Confirm that the firmware version is equivalent to the version(s)
listed in this document via NVM express Identify Controller
command.
o Step3. Take the drive’s ownership
 Disable Admin SP’s Admin1 authority
 Change SID’s PIN by setting a new PIN
 Activate the Locking SP by using the Activate method.
 Change Admin1~4’s PIN by setting a new PIN.
 Configure the Locking Global Range by setting
ReadLockEnabled and WriteLockEnabled columns to True.
 Don’t change LockOnReset column in Locking Table so that the
drive always gets locked after a power cycle
o Step4. Periodically examine the tamper evidence
 If there is any sign of tampering, stop using the product to avoid a
potential security hazard or information leakage.
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10.2. Operational description of Module
 The cryptographic module shall maintain logical separation of data input,
data output, control input, status output, and power.
 The cryptographic module shall not output CSPs in any form.
 The cryptographic module shall use the Approved DRBG for generating all
cryptographic keys.
 The cryptographic module shall enforce role-based authentication for
security relevant services.
 The cryptographic module shall enforce a limited operational environment
by the secure firmware load test using ECDSA P-224 with SHA-256.
 The cryptographic module shall provide a production-grade, opaque, and
tamper-evident cryptographic boundary.
 The cryptographic module enters the error state upon failure of Self-tests.
All commands from the Host (General Purpose Computer (GPC) outside
the cryptographic boundary) are rejected in the error state and the
cryptographic module returns an Internal Error (SC=0x6, SCT=0x0)
defined in NVMe specification via the status output. Cryptographic services
and data output are explicitly inhibited when in the error state.
 The cryptographic module satisfies the requirements of FIPS 140-2 IG A.9
(i.e. key_1 ≠ key_2)
 The module generates at a minimum 256 bits of entropy for use in key
generation.
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10.3. Power‐on Self‐Tests
11. Algorithm Test
AES Encrypt KAT and Decrypt KAT for AES-256-XTS at power-on
SHS KAT for SHA-256 at power-on
DRBG KAT for Hash_DRBG (SHA-256) at power-on
ECDSA
KAT for ECDSA P-224 SHA-256 signature verification at
power-on
Exhibit 21 – Power-on Self-tests.
 F/W integrity check
o F/W integrity check is performed by using 106-bit error detection code
at power-on
 Conditional Self-tests
o Pairwise consistency: N/A
o Bypass Test: N/A
o Manual key entry test: N/A
o F/W load test
- F/W load test is performed by using ECDSA algorithm with P-224
and SHA-256
o Continuous random number generator test on Approved DRBG
o Continuous random number generator test on NDRNG