BlueCat Catcrypt for Java FIPS 140-2 Security Policy Page 1 of 29
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BlueCat Networks
BlueCat Catcrypt for Java
Non-Proprietary FIPS 140-2 Cryptographic Module Security Policy
Software Version: 1.0.2.4
Date: 03/21/2024
BlueCat Catcrypt for Java FIPS 140-2 Security Policy Page 2 of 29
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Logical and Physical Cryptographic Boundaries..................................................................................................5
1.1.1 Logical Cryptographic Boundary.....................................................................................................................5
1.1.2 Physical Boundary............................................................................................................................................6
1.2 Modes of Operation..............................................................................................................................................8
1.3 Module Configuration ..........................................................................................................................................8
2 Cryptographic Functionality ..........................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Critical Security Parameters ...............................................................................................................................15
2.2 Public Keys.........................................................................................................................................................16
3 Roles, Authentication and Services..............................................................................................................................17
3.1 Assumption of Roles...........................................................................................................................................17
3.2 Services...............................................................................................................................................................17
4 Self-tests.......................................................................................................................................................................20
5 Physical Security Policy...............................................................................................................................................22
6 Operational Environment .............................................................................................................................................22
6.1 Use of External RNG..........................................................................................................................................22
7 Mitigation of Other Attacks Policy ..............................................................................................................................22
8 Security Rules and Guidance .......................................................................................................................................23
8.1 Basic Enforcement..............................................................................................................................................23
8.2 Additional Enforcement with a Java SecurityManager ......................................................................................23
8.3 Basic Guidance...................................................................................................................................................23
8.4 Enforcement and Guidance for GCM IVs ..........................................................................................................23
8.5 Enforcement and Guidance for use of the Approved PBKDF ............................................................................24
8.6 Rules for setting the N and the S String in cSHAKE..........................................................................................24
8.7 Guidance for the use of DRBGs and Configuring the JVM's Entropy Source ...................................................24
9 References and Definitions ..........................................................................................................................................26
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List of Tables
Table 1: Cryptographic Module Tested Environments..........................................................................................4
Table 2 - Security Level of Security Requirements................................................................................................5
Table 3 - FIPS 140-2 Logical Interfaces..................................................................................................................7
Table 4 - Available Java Permissions .....................................................................................................................8
Table 5 - Approved and CAVP Validated Cryptographic Functions .....................................................................10
Table 6 - Approved Cryptographic Functions Tested with Vendor Affirmation ..................................................12
Table 7 - Non-Approved but Allowed Cryptographic Functions .........................................................................13
Table 8 - Non-Approved Cryptographic Functions for use in non-FIPS mode only.............................................14
Table 9 - Critical Security Parameters (CSPs).......................................................................................................15
Table 10 - Public Keys..........................................................................................................................................16
Table 11 - Roles Description................................................................................................................................17
Table 12 - Services...............................................................................................................................................17
Table 13 - CSP Access Rights within Services......................................................................................................19
Table 14 - Power Up Self-tests ............................................................................................................................20
Table 15 - Conditional Self-tests..........................................................................................................................21
Table 16 - References..........................................................................................................................................26
Table 17 - Acronyms and Definitions ..................................................................................................................27
List of Figures
Figure 1 - Block Diagram of the Software for the BlueCat Catcrypt for Java. .......................................................6
Figure 2 - Block Diagram of the Physical Components of a typical GPC. ..............................................................7
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1 Introduction
This document defines the Security Policy for the BlueCat Networks BlueCat Catcrypt for Java, hereafter
denoted the Module. The Module is a cryptographic library. The Module meets FIPS 140-2 overall Level 1
requirements. The SW version covered by this security policy is 1.0.2.4.
The cryptographic module was tested on the following operational environment on the general-purpose
computer (GPC) platforms detailed in Table 1.
Table 1: Cryptographic Module Tested Environments
# Operational
Environment
Processor Family Platform Hardware
Acceleration
1 Debian Linux (11 –
Bullseye) with JVM
OpenJDK 11.0.18
Intel E-2136 Dell PowerEdge R340XL Without PAA
2 Debian Linux (11 –
Bullseye) with JVM
OpenJDK 11.0.18 on
VMware ESXI 7.0.3
Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-
2680 v4
Dell PowerEdge FC630 Without PAA
3 Debian Linux (11 –
Bullseye) with JVM
OpenJDK 11.0.18 on
KVM with Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 8.2
Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum
8180
Cisco UCS C220 M5SX
with Equinix Network
Edge
Without PAA
As per FIPS 140-2 Implementation Guidance G.5, the cryptographic module will remain compliant with the
FIPS 140-2 validation when operating on any general-purpose computer (GPC) provided that:
1) No source code has been modified.
2) The GPC uses the specified single-user platform, or another compatible single-user platform such as
one of the Java SE Runtime Environments listed on any of the following:
Debian Linux (11 – Bullseye) with JVM OpenJDK 11.0.18 on Dell R340XL on Intel E-2124.
Debian Linux (11 – Bullseye) with JVM OpenJDK 11.0.18 on Dell R640XL on Intel Xeon Silver
4114
Debian Linux (11 – Bullseye) with JVM OpenJDK 11.0.18 on Dell R640XL on Intel Gold Xeon
6234
For the avoidance of doubt, it is hereby stated that the CMVP makes no statement as to the correct operation
of the module or the security strengths of the generated keys when so ported if the specific operational
environment is not listed on the validation certificate.
The FIPS 140-2 security levels for the Module are given in Table 2 as follows:
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Table 2 - Security Level of Security Requirements
Security Requirement Security Level
Cryptographic Module Specification 1
Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces 1
Roles, Services, and Authentication 1
Finite State Model 1
Physical Security N/A
Operational Environment 1
Cryptographic Key Management 1
EMI/EMC 1
Self-Tests 1
Design Assurance 1
Mitigation of Other Attacks 1
1.1 Logical and Physical Cryptographic Boundaries
1.1.1 Logical Cryptographic Boundary
The executable for the BlueCat Catcrypt for Java is: bc-fips-1.0.2.4.jar. This module is the only software
component within the Logical Cryptographic Boundary and the only software component that carries out
cryptographic functions covered by FIPS 140-2. Figure 1 shows the logical relationship of the cryptographic
module to the other software and hardware components of the computer. The BC classes are executed on the
Java Virtual Machine (JVM) using the classes of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). The JVM is the interface
to the computer’s Operating System (OS) that is the interface to the various physical components of the
computer.
The physical components of the computer are discussed further in Section 1.1.2. Abbreviations introduced in
Figure 1 that describe physical components are: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Dynamic Random Access
Memory (DRAM) and Input Output (I/O).
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Figure 1 - Block Diagram of the Software for the BlueCat Catcrypt for Java.
1.1.2 Physical Boundary
The BlueCat Catcrypt for Java runs on a General Purpose Computer (GPC). The Physical Cryptographic Boundary
for the module is the case of that computer. Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the physical components of a
typical GPC and the ports or interfaces across the Physical Cryptographic Boundary. All the physical
components are standard electronic components; there are not any custom integrated circuits or components
dedicated to FIPS 140-2 related functions.
Abbreviations introduced in Figure 2 are: Basic I/O System (BIOS), Integrated Device Electronics (IDE), Institute
of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), Peripheral Component
Interconnect (PCI), Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) and Universal Serial Bus (USB). Input
or output ports are designated by arrows with single heads, while I/O ports are indicated by bidirectional
arrows.
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Figure 2 - Block Diagram of the Physical Components of a typical GPC.
For FIPS 140-2 purposes, the BlueCat Catcrypt for Java is defined as a “multi-chip standalone module”,
therefore, the module’s physical ports or interfaces are defined as those for the hardware of the GPC. These
physical ports are separated into the logical interfaces defined by FIPS 140-2, as shown in Table 3.
The BlueCat Catcrypt for Java is a software module only, and, therefore, control of the physical ports is
outside of the module’s scope. The module does provides a set of logical interfaces which are mapped to the
following FIPS 140-2 defined logical interfaces: data input, data output, control input, status output, and
power. When the module performs self-tests, is in an error state, is generating keys, or performing
zeroization, the module prevents all output on the logical data output interface as only the thread performing
the operation has access to the data. The module is single-threaded, and in an error state, the module does
not return any output data, only an error value.
The mapping of the FIPS 140-2 logical interfaces to the module is described in Table 3.
Table 3 - FIPS 140-2 Logical Interfaces
Interface Module Equivalent
Data Input API input parameters – plaintext and/or ciphertext data.
Data Output API output parameters and return values – plaintext and/or ciphertext data.
Control Input API method calls – method calls, or input parameters, that specify
commands and/or control data used to control the operation of the module.
Status Output API output parameters and return/error codes that provide status
information used to indicate the state of the module.
Power Start up/Shutdown of a process containing the module.
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1.2 Modes of Operation
There will be two modes of operation: Approved and Non-approved. The module will be in FIPS-approved mode
when the appropriate transition method is called. To verify that a module is in the Approved Mode of operation,
the user can call a FIPS-approved mode status method (CryptoServicesRegisrar.isInApprovedOnlyMode()). If the
module is configured to allow approved and non-approved mode operation, a call to
CryptoServicesRegistrar.setApprovedMode(true) will switch the current thread of user control into approved
mode.
In FIPS-approved mode, the module will not provide non-approved algorithms, therefore, exceptions will be
called if the user tries to access non-approved algorithms in the Approved Mode.
1.3 Module Configuration
In default operation the module will start with both approved and non-approved mode enabled.
If the module detects that the system property org.bouncycastle.fips.approved_only is set to true the module
will start in approved mode and non-approved mode functionality will not be available. This property can also
be set in the java.security file for the module if bc-fips-1.02.3 is in use.
If the underlying JVM is running with a Java Security Manager installed the module will be running in approved
mode with secret and private key export disabled.
Use of the module with a Java Security manager requires the setting of some basic permissions to allow the
module HMAC-SHA-256 software integrity test to take place as well as to allow the module itself to examine
secret and private keys. The basic permissions required for the module to operate correctly with a Java Security
manager are indicated by a Y in the Req column of Table 4.
Table 4 - Available Java Permissions
Permission Settings Req Usage
RuntimePermission “getProtectionDomain” Y Allows checksum to be carried
out on jar.
RuntimePermission “accessDeclaredMembers” Y Allows use of reflection API
within the provider.
PropertyPermission “java.runtime.name”, “read” N Only if configuration
properties are used.
SecurityPermission "putProviderProperty.BCFIPS" N Only if provider installed
during execution.
CryptoServicesPermission “unapprovedModeEnabled” N Only if unapproved mode
algorithms required.
CryptoServicesPermission “changeToApprovedModeEnabled” N Only if threads allowed to
change modes.
CryptoServicesPermission “exportSecretKey” N To allow export of secret keys
only.
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CryptoServicesPermission “exportPrivateKey” N To allow export of private keys
only.
CryptoServicesPermission “exportKeys” Y Required to be applied for the
module itself. Optional for any
other codebase.
CryptoServicesPermission “tlsNullDigestEnabled” N Only required for TLS digest
calculations.
CryptoServicesPermission “tlsPKCS15KeyWrapEnabled” N Only required if TLS is used
with RSA encryption.
CryptoServicesPermission “tlsAlgorithmsEnabled” N Enables both NullDigest and
PKCS15KeyWrap.
CryptoServicesPermission “defaultRandomConfig” N Allows setting of default
SecureRandom.
CryptoServicesPermission “threadLocalConfig” N Required to set a thread local
property in the
CryptoServicesRegistrar
CryptoServicesPermission “globalConfig” N Required to set a global
property in the
CryptoServicesRegistrar.
2 Cryptographic Functionality
The Module implements the FIPS Approved and Non-Approved but Allowed cryptographic functions listed in
Table 5 to Table 7, below.
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Table 5 - Approved and CAVP Validated Cryptographic Functions
Algorithm Description Cert #
AES [FIPS 197, SP 800-38A]
Functions: Encryption, Decryption
Modes: ECB, CBC, OFB, CFB8, CFB128, CTR
Key sizes: 128, 192, 256 bits
A5192
CCM [SP 800-38C]
Functions: Generation, Authentication
Key sizes: 128, 192, 256 bits
A5192
CMAC [SP 800-38B]
Functions: Generation, Authentication
Key sizes: AES with 128, 192, 256 bits and Triple-DES with 2-key1,2
,
3-key
A5192
GCM/GMAC3
[SP 800-38D]
Functions: Generation, Authentication
Key sizes: 128, 192, 256 bits
A5192
DRBG [SP 800-90A]
Functions: Hash DRBG, HMAC DRBG, AES-CTR DRBG, Triple-DES-
CTR DRBG.
Security Strengths: 112, 128, 192, and 256 bits
A5192
3
GCM encryption with an internally generated IV, see section 8.4 concerning external IVs. IV generation is
compliant with IG A.5.
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Algorithm Description Cert #
DSA4
[FIPS 186-4]
Functions: PQG Generation, PQG Verification, Key Pair Generation,
Signature Generation, Signature Verification
Key sizes: 1024, 2048, 3072 bits (1024 only for SigVer)
A5192
ECDSA [FIPS 186-4]
Functions: Signature Generation Component, Public Key
Generation, Signature Generation, Signature Verification, Public
Key Validation
Curves/Key sizes: P-192*, P-224, P-256, P-384, P-521, K-163*, K-
233, K-283, K-409, K-571, B-163*, B-233, B-283, B-409, B-571
* Curves only used for Signature Verification and Public Key Validation
A5192
HMAC [FIPS 198-1]
Functions: Generation, Authentication
SHA sizes: SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-
512/224, SHA-512/256, SHA3-224, SHA3-256, SHA3-384, SHA3-512
A5192
KDF, Existing
Application-
Specific5
[SP 800-135]
Functions: TLS v1.0/1.1 KDF, TLS 1.2 KDF, SSH KDF, X9.63 KDF, IKEv2
KDF, SRTP KDF.
A5192
KBKDF, using
Pseudorandom
Functions6
[SP 800-108]
Modes: Counter Mode, Feedback Mode, Double-Pipeline Iteration
Mode
Functions: CMAC-based KBKDF with AES, 3-key Triple-DES or
HMAC-based KBKDF with SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384,
SHA-512
A5192
Key Wrapping
Using Block
Ciphers7
[SP 800-38F]
Modes: AES KW, KWP
Key sizes: 128, 192, 256 bits (provides between 128 and 256 bits of
strength)
A5192
[SP 800-38F]
Mode: Triple-DES TKW
Key size: 3-key (provides 112 bits of strength)
A5192
4
DSA signature generation with SHA-1 is only for use with protocols.
5
These protocols have not been reviewed or tested by the CAVP and CMVP.
6
Note: CAVP testing is not provided for use of the PRFs SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These must not be
used in approved mode.
7
Keys are not established directly into the module using key unwrapping.
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Algorithm Description Cert #
RSA [FIPS 186-4, , ANSI X9.31-1998 and PKCS #1 v2.1 (PSS)]
Functions: Key Pair Generation (2048 and 3072 bits) Signature
Generation, Signature Verification, Component Test
Key sizes: 2048, 3072 bits (1024, 1536, 4096 only for SigVer)
SP 800-56B Section 7.1.2 RSA Decryption Primitive
A5192
SHS [FIPS 180-4],
Functions: Digital Signature Generation, Digital Signature
Verification, non-Digital Signature Applications
SHA sizes: SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-
512/224, SHA-512/256
A5192
SHA-3, SHAKE [FIPS 202]
SHA3-224, SHA3-256, SHA3-384, SHA3-512, SHAKE128, SHAKE256
A5192
Triple-DES (Triple-
DES)
[SP 800-67]
Functions: Encryption, Decryption
Modes: TECB, TCBC, TCFB64, TCFB8, TOFB, CTR
Key sizes: 2-key (Decryption only)8
, 3-key9
A5192
Table 6 - Approved Cryptographic Functions Tested with Vendor Affirmation
Algorithm Description IG Ref.
AES-CBC Ciphertext
Stealing (CS)
[Addendum to SP 800-38A, Oct 2010]
Functions: Encryption, Decryption
Modes: CBC-CS1, CBC-CS2, CBC-CS3
Key sizes: 128, 192, 256 bits
Vendor
Affirmed IG
A.12
CKG using output
from DRBG10
[SP 800-133]
Section 6.1 (Asymmetric from DRBG)
Section 7.1 (Symmetric from DRBG)
Using A5192 (DRBG)
Vendor
Affirmed IG
D.12
cSHAKE128,
cSHAKE256
[SP 800-185]
Section 3, cSHAKE
Using A5192 (SHA3, SHAKE)
Vendor
Affirmed IG
A.15
8
2^20 block limit is enforced by the module, 2-key encryption is disabled.
9
3-key Triple-DES encryption must not be used for more than 2^20 blocks for any given key.
10
The resulting key or a generated seed is an unmodified output from a DRBG
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Algorithm Description IG Ref.
KAS-SSC11
[SP 800-56A-rev3]
Section 5.6.2.3.1 (Finite Field Cryptography (FFC) Full
Public Key Validation Routine)
Section 5.6.2.3.2 (Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)
Full Public Key Validation Routine)
Section 5.7 (DLC Primitive)
Section 5.8 (Key Derivation Functions for Key
Agreement Schemes)
Section 5.9 (Key Confirmation)
Section 6 (Key Agreement)
Parameter sets/Key sizes:
ECC: Approved P, B, K Curves per Appendix D
FFC: Safe primes per Appendix D
Vendor
Affirmed IG D.1
rev 3
KDF, Password-
Based
[SP 800-132]
Options: PBKDF with Option 1a
Functions: HMAC-based KDF using SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256,
SHA-384, SHA-512
Vendor
Affirmed IG D.6
RSA [SP 800-131A rev2]
Section 3
Key sizes: 4096 up to 16384 bits
Using mechanism tested in A5192s
Vendor
Affirmed IG
A.14
Table 7 - Non-Approved but Allowed Cryptographic Functions
Algorithm Description
NDRNG [IG 7.15]
Non-deterministic random number generator.
MD5 within TLS (no
security claim)
[IG D.2]
11
Keys are not directly established into the module using key agreement or transport
techniques.
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Table 8 - Non-Approved Cryptographic Functions for use in non-FIPS mode only.
AES (non-compliant12
)
ARC4 (RC4)
Blowfish
Camellia
CAST5
DES
Diffie-Hellman KAS (non-compliant13
)
DSA (non-compliant14
)
DSTU4145
ECDSA (non-compliant15
)
EdDSA
ElGamal
GOST28147
GOST3410-1994
GOST3410-2001
GOST3411
HMAC-GOST3411
HMAC-MD5
HMAC-RIPEMD128
HMAC-RIPEMD160
HMAC-RIPEMD256
HMAC-RIPEMD320
HMAC-TIGER
HMAC-WHIRLPOOL
IDEA
KAS16
using SHA-512/224 or SHA-512/256
KBKDF using SHA-512/224 or SHA-512/256 (non-
compliant)
MD5
OpenSSL PBKDF (non-compliant)
PKCS#12 PBKDF (non-compliant)
PKCS#5 Scheme 1 PBKDF (non-compliant)
PRNG X9.31
RC2
RIPEMD128
RIPEMD160
RIPEMD256
RIPEMD320
RSA (non-compliant17
)
RSA KTS (non-compliant18)
RSA key wrapping
SCrypt
SEED
Serpent
SipHash
SHACAL-2
TIGER
Triple-DES (non-compliant19
)
Twofish
WHIRLPOOL
XDH
12
Support for additional modes of operation.
13
Support for additional key sizes and the establishment of keys of less than 112 bits of security strength.
14
Deterministic signature calculation, support for additional digests, and key sizes.
15
Deterministic signature calculation, support for additional digests, and key sizes.
16
Keys are not directly established into the module using key agreement or transport techniques.
17
Support for additional digests and signature formats, PKCS#1 1.5 key wrapping, support for additional key
sizes.
18
Support for additional key sizes and the establishment of keys of less than 112 bits of security strength.
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2.1 Critical Security Parameters
All CSPs used by the Module are described in this section in Table 9. All usage of these CSPs by the Module
(including all CSP lifecycle states) is described in the services detailed in Section 3.2.
Table 9 - Critical Security Parameters (CSPs)
CSP Description / Usage
AES Encryption Key
[FIPS-197, SP 800-38A, SP 800-38C, SP 800-38D, Addendum to SP 800-38A]
AES (128/192/256) encrypt key20
AES Decryption Key
[FIPS-197, SP 800-38A, SP 800-38C, SP 800-38D, Addendum to SP 800-38A]
AES (128/192/256) decrypt key
AES Authentication Key [FIPS-197] AES (128/192/256) CMAC/GMAC key
AES Wrapping Key [SP 800-38F] AES (128/192/256) key wrapping key
DH Agreement key [SP 800-56A-rev3] Diffie-Hellman (160 - 512 bits) private key agreement key
DRBG(CTR AES)
V (128 bits) and AES key (128/192/256), entropy input (length dependent on
security strength)
DRBG(CTR Triple-DES)
V (64 bits) and Triple-DES key (192), entropy input (length dependent on
security strength)
DRBG(Hash)
V (440/888 bits) and C (440/888 bits), entropy input (length dependent on
security strength)
DRBG(HMAC)
V (160/224/256/384/512 bits) and Key (160/224/256/384/512 bits), entropy
input (length dependent on security strength)
DSA Signing Key [FIPS 186-4] DSA (2048/3072) signature generation key
EC Agreement Key
[SP 800-56A-rev3] EC (P-224, P-256, P-384, P-521, K-233, K-283, K-409, K-571,
B-233, B-283, B-409 and B-571) private key agreement key
EC Signing Key
[FIPS 186-4] ECDSA (P-224, P-256, P-384, P-521, K-233, K-283, K-409, K-571, B-
233, B-283, B-409 and B-571) signature generation key.
HMAC Authentication
Key
[FIPS 198-1] Keyed-Hash key (SHA-1, SHA-2). Key size determined by security
strength required (>= 112 bits)
IKEv2 Derivation
Function Secret Value
[SP 800-135] Secret value used in construction of key for the specified IKEv2
PRF.
PBKDF Secret Value
[SP 800-132] Secret value used in construction of Keyed-Hash key for the
specified PRF.
RSA Signing Key [FIPS 186-4] RSA (2048 up to 16384 bits) signature generation key
20
The AES-GCM key and IV is generated randomly per IG A.5, and the Initialization Vector (IV) is a minimum of
96 bits. In the event module power is lost and restored, the consuming application must ensure that any of its
AES-GCM keys used for encryption or decryption are re-distributed.
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CSP Description / Usage
SP 800-56C
Concatenation
Derivation Function
Secret Value
[SP 800-56C] Secret value used in construction of key for underlying PRF.
SP 800-108 KDF Secret
Value
[SP 800-108] Secret value used in construction of key for the specified PRF.
SRTP Derivation
Function Secret Value
[SP 800-135] Secret value used in construction of key for the specified SRTP
PRF.
SSH Derivation Function
Secret Value
[SP 800-135] Secret value used in construction of key for the specified SSH PRF.
TLS KDF Secret Value
[SP 800-135] Secret value used in construction of Keyed-Hash key for the
specified TLS PRF.
Triple-DES
Authentication Key
[SP 800-67] Triple-DES (128/192) CMAC key
Triple-DES Encryption
Key
[SP 800-67] Triple-DES (192) encryption key
Triple-DES Decryption
Key
[SP 800-67] Triple-DES (128/192) decryption key
Triple-DES Wrapping Key
[SP 800-38F] Triple-DES (192 bits) key wrapping/unwrapping key, (128
unwrapping only).
X9.63 KDF Secret Value
[SP 800-135] Secret value used in construction of Keyed-Hash key for the
specified X9.63 PRF.
2.2 Public Keys
Table 10 - Public Keys
CSP Description / Usage
DH Agreement Key
[SP 800-56A-rev3] Diffie-Hellman (2048 and 3072) public key agreement
key
DSA Verification Key [FIPS 186-4] DSA (1024/2048/3072) signature verification key
EC Agreement Key
[SP 800-56A-rev3] EC (P-224, P-256, P-384, P-521, K-233, K-283, K-409, K-
571, B-233, B-283, B-409 and B-571) public key agreement key
EC Verification Key
[FIPS 186-4] ECDSA (P-224, P-256, P-384, P-521, K-233, K-283, K-409, K-
571, B-233, B-283, B-409 and B-571) signature verification key
RSA Verification Key [FIPS 186-4] RSA (1024-16384) signature verification key
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3 Roles, Authentication and Services
3.1 Assumption of Roles
The module supports two distinct operator roles, User and Cryptographic Officer (CO). The cryptographic
module implicitly maps the two roles to the services. A user is considered the owner of the thread that
instantiates the module and, therefore, only one concurrent user is allowed.
Table 11 lists all operator roles supported by the module. The module does not support a maintenance role
and/or bypass capability. The module does not support authentication.
Table 11 - Roles Description
Role ID Role Description Authentication Type
CO Cryptographic Officer –
Powers on and off the
module.
N/A – Authentication not
required for Level 1
User User – The user of the
complete API.
N/A – Authentication not
required for Level 1
3.2 Services
All services implemented by the Module are listed in Table 12 below and Table 13 describes all usage of CSPs
by the service.
Table 12 lists the services. The second column provides a description of each service and availability to the
Cryptographic Officer and User, in columns 3 and 4, respectively.
Table 12 - Services
Service Description CO U
Initialize Module and Run
Self-Tests on Demand
The JRE will call the static constructor for self-tests on module
initialization.
X
Show Status A user can call FipsStatus.IsReady() at any time to determine if the
module is ready.
CryptoServicesRegistrar.IsInApprovedOnlyMode() can be called to
determine the FIPS mode of operation.
X
Zeroize / Power-off The module uses the JVM garbage collector on thread termination. X
Data Encryption Used to encrypt data. X
Data Decryption Used to decrypt data. X
MAC Calculation Used to calculate data integrity codes with CMAC. X
Signature Authentication Used to generate signatures (DSA, ECDSA, RSA). X
Signature Verification Used to verify digital signatures. X
DRBG (SP800-90A) output Used for random number, IV and key generation. X
Message Hashing Used to generate a SHA-1, SHA-2, or SHA-3 message digest, SHAKE
output.
X
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Service Description CO U
Keyed Message Hashing Used to calculate data integrity codes with HMAC. X
TLS Key Derivation Function (secret input) (outputs secret) Used to calculate a value suitable to
be used for a master secret in TLS from a pre-master secret and
additional input.
X
SP 800-108 KDF (secret input) (outputs secret) Used to calculate a value suitable to
be used for a secret key from an input secret and additional input.
X
SSH Derivation Function (secret input) (outputs secret) Used to calculate a value suitable to
be used for a secret key from an input secret and additional input.
X
X9.63 Derivation Function (secret input) (outputs secret) Used to calculate a value suitable to
be used for a secret key from an input secret and additional input.
X
SP 800-56C Concatenation
Derivation Function (KDM)
(secret input) (outputs secret) Used to calculate a value suitable to
be used for a secret key from an input secret and additional input.
X
IKEv2 Derivation Function (secret input) (outputs secret) Used to calculate a value suitable to
be used for a secret key from an input secret and additional input.
X
SRTP Derivation Function (secret input) (outputs secret) Used to calculate a value suitable to
be used for a secret key from an input secret and additional input.
X
PBKDF (secret input) (outputs secret) Used to generate a key using an
encoding of a password and an additional function such as a
message hash.
X
Key Agreement Schemes Used to calculate key agreement values (SP 800-56Arev3, Diffie-
Hellman).
X
Key Wrapping Used to encrypt a key value. (AES, Triple-DES) X
Key Unwrapping Used to decrypt a key value. (AES, Triple-DES) X
NDRNG Callback Gathers entropy in a passive manner from a user-provided function X
Utility Miscellaneous utility functions, does not access CSPs X
Note: The module services are the same in the approved and non-approved modes of operation. The only
difference is the function(s) used (approved/allowed or non-approved/non-allowed).
Services in the module are accessed via the public APIs of the Jar file. The ability of a thread to invoke non-
approved services depends on whether it has been registered with the module as approved mode only. In
approved only mode no non-approved services are accessible. In the presence of a Java SecurityManager
approved mode services specific to a context, such as DSA and ECDSA for use in TLS, require specific permissions
to be configured in the JVM configuration by the Cryptographic Officer or User.
In the absence of a Java SecurityManager specific services related to protocols such as TLS are available,
however must only be used in relation to those protocols.
Table 13 defines the relationship between access to CSPs and the different module services. The modes of
access shown in the table are defined as:
• G = Generate: The module generates the CSP.
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• R = Read: The module reads the CSP. The read access is typically performed before the module uses
the CSP.
• E = Execute: The module executes using the CSP.
• W = Write: The module writes the CSP. The write access is typically performed after a CSP is imported
into the module, when the module generates a CSP, or when the module overwrites an existing CSP.
• Z = Zeroize: The module zeroizes the CSP.
Table 13 - CSP Access Rights within Services
Service
AES
Encryption
Key
AES
Decryption
Key
AES
Authentication
Key
AES
Wrapping
Key
DH
Agreement
Key
DRBG
(CTR
AES)
DRBG
(CTR
Triple-DES)
DRBG
(Hash)
DRBG
(HMAC)
DSA
Signing
Key
EC
Agreement
Key
EC
Signing
Key
HMAC
Authentication
Key
IKEv2
DF
Secret
PBKDF
Secret
RSA
Signing
Key
SP
800-56A
Concat.
DF
Secret
SP
800-108
KDF
Secret
SRTP
DF
Secret
SSH
DF
Secret
TLS
KDF
Secret
Triple-DES
Authentication
Key
Triple-DES
Encryption
Key
Triple-DES
Decryption
Key
Triple-DES
Wrapping
Key
X9.63
KDF
Secret
Initialize Module and Run Self-
Tests on Demand
Show Status
Zeroize / Power-off Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
Data Encryption R R
Data Decryption R R
MAC Calculation R R R
Signature Generation R R R
Signature Verification R R R
DRBG (SP800-90A) output G G G G G G
R
GR G
R
G
R
G G G G G G G G G
Message Hashing
Keyed Message Hashing R
TLS Key Derivation Function R
SP 800-108 KBKDF R
SSH Derivation Function R
X9.63 Derivation Function G G G R
SP 800-56C Concatenation
Derivation Function (KDM)
G G G R
IKEv2 Derivation Function R
SRTP Derivation Function R
PBKDF G
R
R
Key Agreement Schemes G G G G R R G G G G G
Key Wrapping/Transport
(AES, Triple-DES)
R R R
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Service
AES
Encryption
Key
AES
Decryption
Key
AES
Authentication
Key
AES
Wrapping
Key
DH
Agreement
Key
DRBG
(CTR
AES)
DRBG
(CTR
Triple-DES)
DRBG
(Hash)
DRBG
(HMAC)
DSA
Signing
Key
EC
Agreement
Key
EC
Signing
Key
HMAC
Authentication
Key
IKEv2
DF
Secret
PBKDF
Secret
RSA
Signing
Key
SP
800-56A
Concat.
DF
Secret
SP
800-108
KDF
Secret
SRTP
DF
Secret
SSH
DF
Secret
TLS
KDF
Secret
Triple-DES
Authentication
Key
Triple-DES
Encryption
Key
Triple-DES
Decryption
Key
Triple-DES
Wrapping
Key
X9.63
KDF
Secret
Key Unwrapping (AES, Triple-
DES)
R R R
NDRNG Callback G G G G
Utility
4 Self-tests
Each time the module is powered up, it tests that the cryptographic algorithms still operate correctly and that
sensitive data have not been damaged. Power-up self–tests are available on demand by power cycling the
module.
On power-up or reset, the module performs the self-tests that are described in Table 14 below. All KATs must
be completed successfully prior to any other use of cryptography by the Module. If one of the KATs fails, the
module enters the Self-Test Failure error state. The module will output a detailed error message when
FipsStatus.isReady() is called. The error state can only be cleared by reloading the module and calling
FipsStatus.isReady() again to confirm successful completion of the KATs.
Table 14 - Power Up Self-tests
Test Target Description
Software Integrity HMAC-SHA256
AES KATs: Encryption, Decryption
Modes: ECB
Key sizes: 128 bits
CCM KATs: Generation, Verification
Key sizes: 128 bits
AES-CMAC KATs: Generation, Verification
Key sizes: AES with 128 bits
FFC KAS KATs: Per IG 9.6 – Primitive “Z” Computation
Parameter Sets/Key sizes: FB
DRBG KATs: HASH_DRBG, HMAC_DRBG, CTR_DRBG
Security Strengths: 256 bits
DSA KAT: Signature Generation, Signature Verification
Key sizes: 2048 bits
ECDSA KAT: Signature Generation, Signature Verification
Curves/Key sizes: P-256
GCM/GMAC KATs: Generation, Verification
Key sizes: 128 bits
HMAC KATs: Generation, Verification
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Test Target Description
SHA sizes: SHA-256, SHA-512, SHA3-256
ECC KAS21
KATs: Per IG 9.6 – Primitive “Z” Computation
Parameter Sets/Key sizes: EC
SP 800-108 KBKDF KATs: Per IG 9.4 – Output Verification
Modes: Counter, Feedback, Double Pipeline
PRFs: AES-CMAC, Triple-DES-CMAC, SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512,
SHA-512/224, SHA-512/256
RSA KATs: Signature Generation, Signature Verification
Key sizes: 2048 bits
SHS KATs: Output Verification
SHA sizes: SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512
Triple-DES KATs: Encryption, Decryption
Mode: TECB
Key sizes: 3-Key
Triple-DES-CMAC KATs: Generation, Verification
Key sizes: 3-Key
Extendable-Output
functions (XOF)
KATs: Output Verification
XOFs: SHAKE256
Key Wrapping
Using RSA
KATs: SP 800-56B specific KATs per IG D.4 (for legacy use)
Key sizes: 2048 bits
Key Transport
Using RSA
KATs: SP 800-56B specific KATs per IG D.4 (for legacy use)
Key sizes: 2048 bits
Table 15 - Conditional Self-tests
Test Target Description
NDRNG NDRNG Continuous Test performed when a random value is requested from the NDRNG.
DH DH Pairwise Consistency Test performed on every DH key pair generation.
DRBG DRBG Continuous Test performed when a random value is requested from the DRBG.
DSA DSA Pairwise Consistency Test performed on every DSA key pair generation.
ECDH/ECCDH EC DH Pairwise Consistency Test performed on every DH key pair generation.
ECDSA ECDSA Pairwise Consistency Test performed on every EC key pair generation.
RSA RSA Pairwise Consistency Test performed on every RSA key pair generation.
DRBG Health
Checks
Performed conditionally on DRBG, per SP 800-90A Section 11.3.
SP 800-56A
Assurances22
Performed conditionally per SP 800-56A Sections 5.5.2, 5.6.2, and/or 5.6.3.
21
Implemented by the module, though not required per IG D.1rev3 due to vendor affirmation to SP 800-
56Arev3.
22
Implemented by the module, though not required per IG D.1rev3 due to vendor affirmation to SP 800-
56Arev3.
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5 Physical Security Policy
The module is a software-only module and does not have physical security mechanisms.
6 Operational Environment
The module operates in a modifiable operational environment under the FIPS 140-2 definitions.
The module runs on a GPC running one of the operating systems specified in the approved operational
environment list. Each approved operating system manages processes and threads in a logically separated
manner. The Module’s user is considered the owner of the calling application that instantiates the Module
within the process space of the Java Virtual Machine.
The module optionally uses the Java Security Manager, and starts in FIPS-approved mode by default when used
with the Java Security Manager. When the module is not used within the context of the Java Security Manager,
it will start by default in the non-FIPS-approved mode.
6.1 Use of External RNG
The module makes use of the JVM's configured SecureRandom entropy source to provide entropy when
required. The module will request entropy as appropriate to the security strength and seeding configuration
for the DRBG that is using it and for the default DRBG will request a minimum of 256 bits of entropy. In approved
mode the minimum amount of entropy that can be requested by a DRBG is 112 bits. The module will wait until
the SecureRandom.generateSeed() returns the requested amount of entropy, blocking if necessary.
7 Mitigation of Other Attacks Policy
The Module implements basic protections to mitigate against timing based attacks against its internal
implementations. There are two counter-measures used.
The first is Constant Time Comparisons, which protect the digest and integrity algorithms by strictly avoiding
“fast fail” comparison of MACs, signatures, and digests so the time taken to compare a MAC, signature, or
digest is constant regardless of whether the comparison passes or fails.
The second is made up of Numeric Blinding and decryption/signing verification which both protect the RSA
algorithm.
Numeric Blinding prevents timing attacks against RSA decryption and signing by providing a random input
into the operation which is subsequently eliminated when the result is produced. The random input makes it
impossible for a third party observing the private key operation to attempt a timing attack on the operation
as they do not have knowledge of the random input and consequently the time taken for the operation tells
them nothing about the private value of the RSA key.
Decryption/signing verification is carried out by calculating a primitive encryption or signature verification
operation after a corresponding decryption or signing operation before the result of the decryption or signing
operation is returned. The purpose of this is to protect against Lenstra's CRT attack by verifying the
correctness the private key calculations involved. Lenstra's CRT attack takes advantage of undetected errors in
the use of RSA private keys with CRT values and, if exploitable, can be used to discover the private value of
the RSA key.
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8 Security Rules and Guidance
8.1 Basic Enforcement
The module design corresponds to the Module security rules. This section documents the security rules
enforced by the cryptographic module to implement the security requirements of this FIPS 140-2 Level 1
module.
1. The module shall provide two distinct operator roles: User and Cryptographic Officer.
2. The module does not provide authentication.
3. The operator shall be capable of commanding the module to perform the power up self-tests by cycling
power or resetting the module.
4. Power up self-tests do not require any operator action.
5. Data output shall be inhibited during self-tests, zeroization, and error states. Output related to keys
and there use is inhibited until the key concerned has been fully generated.
6. Status information does not contain CSPs or sensitive data that if misused could lead to a compromise
of the module.
7. There are no restrictions on which keys or CSPs are zeroized by the zeroization service.
8. The module does not support concurrent operators.
9. The module does not have any external input/output devices used for entry/output of data.
10. The module does not enter or output plaintext CSPs from the module’s physical boundary.
11. The module does not output intermediate key values.
8.2 Additional Enforcement with a Java SecurityManager
In the presence of a Java SecurityManager approved mode services specific to a context, such as DSA and ECDSA
for use in TLS, require specific policy permissions to be configured in the JVM configuration by the
Cryptographic Officer or User. The SecurityManager can also be used to restrict the ability of particular code
bases to examine CSPs. See section 1.3 for further advice on this.
In the absence of a Java SecurityManager specific services related to protocols such as TLS are available,
however must only be used in relation to those protocols.
8.3 Basic Guidance
The jar file representing the module needs to be installed in a JVM's class path in a manner appropriate to its
use in applications running on the JVM.
Functionality in the module is provided in two ways. At the lowest level there are distinct classes that provide
access to the FIPS approved and non-FIPS approved services provided by the module. A more abstract level of
access can also be gained through the use of strings providing operation names passed into the module's Java
cryptography provider through the APIs described in the Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA) and the Java
Cryptography Extension (JCE).
When the module is being used in FIPS approved-only mode, classes providing implementations of algorithms
which are not FIPS approved, or allowed, are explicitly disabled.
8.4 Enforcement and Guidance for GCM IVs
IVs for GCM can be generated randomly, or via a FipsNonceGenerator. Where an IV is not generated within the
module the module supports the importing of GCM IVs.
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In approved mode, when a GCM IV is generated randomly, the module enforces the use of an approved DRBG
in line with Section 8.2.2 of SP 800-38D.
In approved mode, when a GCM IV is generated using the FipsNonceGenerator a counter is used as the basis
for the nonce. Rollover of the counter in the FipsNonceGenerator will result in an IllegalStateException
indicating the FipsNonceGenerator is exhausted and, as per IG A.5, where used for TLS, rollover will terminate
any TLS session in process using the current key and the exception can only be recovered from by using a new
handshake and creating a new FipsNonceGenerator.
In approved mode, importing a GCM IV for encryption that originates from outside the module is non-
conformant.
Per IG A.5, section 2.1 of this security policy also states that in the event module power is lost and restored the
consuming application must ensure that any of its AES-GCM keys used for encryption or decryption are re-
distributed.
8.5 Enforcement and Guidance for use of the Approved PBKDF
In line with the requirements for SP 800-132, keys generated using the approved PBKDF must only be used for
storage applications. Any other use of the approved PBKDF is non-conformant.
In approved mode the module enforces that any password used must encode to at least 14 bytes (112 bits) and
that the salt is at least 16 bytes (128 bits) long. The iteration count associated with the PBKDF should be as
large as practical.
As the module is a general purpose software module, it is not possible to anticipate all the levels of use for the
PBKDF, however a user of the module should also note that a password should at least contain enough entropy
to be unguessable and also contain enough entropy to reflect the security strength required for the key being
generated. In the event a password encoding is simply based on ASCII a 14 byte password is unlikely to contain
sufficient entropy for most purposes. Users are referred to Appendix A, “Security Considerations” of SP 800-
132 for further information on password, salt, and iteration count selection.
For users interested in introducing memory hardness as a layer on top of the PBKDF the scrypt augmentation
to PBDKF based on HMAC SHA-256 (as described in RFC 7914) is also available.
8.6 Rules for setting the N and the S String in cSHAKE
The cSHAKE algorithm offers to input string for customizing the output of the cSHAKE function, the Function-
Name input (N) and the Customization String (S).
The Function-Name input (N) is reserved for values specified by NIST and should only be set to the appropriate
NIST specified value. Any other use of N is non-conformant.
The Customization String (S) is available to allow users to customize the cSHAKE function as they wish. The
length of S is limited to the available size of a byte array in the JVM running the module.
8.7 Guidance for the use of DRBGs and Configuring the JVM's Entropy Source
A user can instantiate the default Approved DRBG for the module explicitly by using
SecureRandom.getInstance("DEFAULT", "BCFIPS"), or by using a BouncyCastleFipsProvider object instead of the
provider name as appropriate. This will seed the Approved DRBG from the live entropy source of the JVM, for
example /dev/random on the tested Linux operational environments, with a number of bits of entropy
appropriate to the security level of the default Approved DRBG configured for the module.
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An additional option is available using the Approved Hash_DRBG and the process outlined in SP-800 90A,
Section 8.6.5. This can be turned on by following the instructions in Section 2.3 of the User Guide. The two
DRBGs are instantiated in a chain as a "Source DRBG" to seed the "Target DRBG" in accordance with Section 7
of Draft NIST SP 800-90C, where the Target DRBG is the default Approved DRBG used by the module.
The initial seed and the subsequent reseeds for the DRBG chain come from the live entropy source configured
for the JVM. The DRBG chain will reseed automatically by pausing for 20 requests (which will usually equate to
5120 bytes). An entropy gathering thread reseeds the DRBG chain when it has gathered sufficient entropy
(currently 256 bits) from the live entropy source. Once reseeded, the request counter is reset and the reseed
process begins again.
The “Source DRBG” in the chain is internal to the module and inaccessible to the user to ensure it is only used
for generating seeds for the default Approved DRBG of the module.
The user shall ensure that the Approved entropy source is configured per Section 6.1 of this Security Policy and
will block, or fail, if it is unable to provide the amount of entropy requested.
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9 References and Definitions
The following standards are referred to in this Security Policy.
Table 16 - References
Abbreviation Full Specification Name
ANSI X9.31
X9.31-1998, Digital Signatures using Reversible Public Key Cryptography for the
Financial Services Industry (rDSA), September 9, 1998
FIPS 140-2 Security Requirements for Cryptographic modules, May 25, 2001
FIPS 180-4 Secure Hash Standard (SHS)
FIPS 186-3 Digital Signature Standard (DSS)
FIPS 186-4 Digital Signature Standard (DSS)
FIPS 197 Advanced Encryption Standard
FIPS 198-1 The Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC)
FIPS 202 SHA-3 Standard: Permutation-Based Hash and Extendable-Output Functions
IG
Implementation Guidance for FIPS PUB 140-2 and the Cryptographic Module
Validation Program
PKCS#1 v2.1 RSA Cryptography Standard
PKCS#5 Password-Based Cryptography Standard
PKCS#12
Personal Information Exchange Syntax StandardRecommendation for the Triple Data
Encryption Algorithm (TDEA) Block Cipher
SP 800-38A
Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Three Variants of Ciphertext
Stealing for CBC Mode
SP 800-38B
Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The CMAC Mode for
Authentication
SP 800-38C
Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The CCM Mode for
Authentication and Confidentiality
SP 800-38D
Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Galois/Counter Mode (GCM)
and GMAC
SP 800-38F Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Methods for Key Wrapping
SP 800-56A
Recommendation for Pair-Wise Key Establishment Schemes Using Discrete Logarithm
Cryptography
SP 800-56B
Recommendation for Pair-Wise Key Establishment Schemes Using Integer
Factorization Cryptography
SP 800-56C Recommendation for Key Derivation through Extraction-then-Expansion
SP 800-67 Recommendation for the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA) Block Cipher
SP 800-89 Recommendation for Obtaining Assurances for Digital Signature Applications
SP 800-90A
Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit
Generators
SP 800-108 Recommendation for Key Derivation Using Pseudorandom Functions
SP 800-132 Recommendation for Password-Based Key Derivation
SP 800-133 Recommendation for Cryptographic Key Generation
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Abbreviation Full Specification Name
SP 800-135 Recommendation for Existing Application – Specific Key Derivation Functions
Table 17 - Acronyms and Definitions
Acronym Definition
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
API Application Programming Interface
BC Bouncy Castle
BC-FJA Bouncy Castle FIPS Java API
CBC Cipher-Block Chaining
CCM Counter with CBC-MAC
CDH Computational Diffie-Hellman
CFB Cipher Feedback Mode
CMAC Cipher-based Message Authentication Code
CMVP Crypto Module Validation Program
CO Cryptographic Officer
CPU Central Processing Unit
CS Ciphertext Stealing
CSP Critical Security Parameter
CTR Counter-mode
CVL Component Validation List
DES Data Encryption Standard
DH Diffie-Hellman
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
DRBG Deterministic Random Bit Generator
DSA Digital Signature Authority
DSTU4145 Ukrainian DSTU-4145-2002 Elliptic Curve Scheme
EC Elliptic Curve
ECB Electronic Code Book
ECC Elliptic Curve Cryptography
ECDSA Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Authority
EdDSA Edwards Curve DSA using Ed25519, Ed448
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
FIPS Federal Information Processing Standards
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Acronym Definition
GCM Galois/Counter Mode
GMAC Galois Message Authentication Code
GOST Gosudarstvennyi Standard Soyuza SSR/Government Standard of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics
GPC General Purpose Computer
HMAC key-Hashed Message Authentication Code
IG See References
JAR Java ARchive
JCA Java Cryptography Architecture
JCE Java Cryptography Extension
JDK Java Development Kit
JRE Java Runtime Environment
JVM Java Virtual Machine
IV Initialization Vector
KAS Key Agreement Scheme
KAT Known Answer Test
KDF Key Derivation Function
KW Key Wrap
KWP Key Wrap with Padding
MAC Message Authentication Code
MD5 Message Digest algorithm MD5
N/A Non Applicable
NDRNG Non Deterministic Random Number Generator
OCB Offset Codebook Mode
OFB Output Feedback
OS Operating System
PBKDF Password-Based Key Derivation Function
PKCS Public Key Cryptography Standards
PQG Diffie-Hellman Parameters P, Q and G
RC Rivest Cipher, Ron’s Code
RIPEMD RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest
RSA Rivest Shamir Adleman
SHA Secure Hash Algorithm
TCBC TDEA Cipher-Block Chaining
TCFB TDEA Cipher Feedback Mode
TDEA Triple Data Encryption Algorithm
TDES Triple Data Encryption Standard
TECB TDEA Electronic Codebook
TOFB TDEA Output Feedback
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Acronym Definition
TLS Transport Layer Security
USB Universal Serial Bus
XDH Edwards Curve Diffie-Hellman using X25519, X448
XOF Extendable-Output Function