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18.04 Libgcrypt Cryptographic Module
Module Versions 1.0 and 1.1
FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy
Document Version 2.2
Last update: September 15, 2021
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Prepared by:
atsec information security corporation
9130 Jollyville Road, Suite 260
Austin, TX 78759
www.atsec.com
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Table of Contents
1. Cryptographic Module Specification .....................................................................................................6
1.1. Module Overview ................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2. Modes of Operation................................................................................................................................ 9
2. Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces ........................................................................................10
3. Roles, Services and Authentication.....................................................................................................11
3.1. Roles...................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.2. Services ................................................................................................................................................. 11
3.3. Algorithms............................................................................................................................................. 13
3.3.1. Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit Running on Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-2620v3 Processor........................... 13
3.3.2. Allowed Algorithms...................................................................................................................... 16
3.3.3. Non-Approved Algorithms ........................................................................................................... 17
3.4. Operator Authentication ...................................................................................................................... 18
4. Physical Security ................................................................................................................................19
5. Operational Environment...................................................................................................................20
5.1. Applicability .......................................................................................................................................... 20
5.2. Policy..................................................................................................................................................... 20
6. Cryptographic Key Management.........................................................................................................21
6.1. Random Number Generation ............................................................................................................... 22
6.2. Key Generation ..................................................................................................................................... 22
6.3. Key Transport / Key Derivation............................................................................................................. 22
6.4. Key Entry / Output................................................................................................................................ 23
6.5. Key / CSP Storage.................................................................................................................................. 23
6.6. Key / CSP Zeroization............................................................................................................................ 23
7. Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMI/EMC) ............................................24
8. Self-Tests...........................................................................................................................................25
8.1. Power-Up Tests..................................................................................................................................... 25
8.1.1. Integrity Tests............................................................................................................................... 25
8.1.2. Cryptographic Algorithm Tests .................................................................................................... 25
8.2. On-Demand Self-Tests .......................................................................................................................... 26
8.3. Conditional Tests .................................................................................................................................. 26
8.4. Error state ............................................................................................................................................. 27
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9. Guidance ...........................................................................................................................................28
9.1. Crypto Officer Guidance ....................................................................................................................... 28
9.1.1. Operating Environment Configurations....................................................................................... 28
9.1.2. Module Installation...................................................................................................................... 29
9.2. User Guidance....................................................................................................................................... 29
9.2.1. AES XTS......................................................................................................................................... 30
9.2.2. Triple-DES..................................................................................................................................... 30
9.2.3. PBKDF........................................................................................................................................... 30
10. Mitigation of Other Attacks................................................................................................................31
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Copyrights and Trademarks
Ubuntu and Canonical are registered trademarks of Canonical Ltd.
Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.
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1. Cryptographic Module Specification
This document is the non-proprietary FIPS 140-2 Security Policy for version 1.0 and 1.1 of the Ubuntu 18.04
Libgcrypt Cryptographic Module. It contains the security rules under which the module must operate and
describes how this module meets the requirements as specified in FIPS PUB 140-2 (Federal Information
Processing Standards Publication 140-2) for a Security Level 1 software module.
The following sections describe the cryptographic module and how it conforms to the FIPS 140-2 specification
in each of the required areas.
1.1. Module Overview
The Ubuntu 18.04 Libgcrypt Cryptographic Module (hereafter referred to as “the module”) is a set of software
libraries implementing general purpose cryptographic algorithms. The module provides cryptographic services
to applications running in the user space of the underlying Ubuntu operating system through a C language
Application Program Interface (API). The module utilizes processor instructions to optimize and increase
performance.
For the purpose of the FIPS 140-2 validation, the module is a software-only, multi-chip standalone
cryptographic module validated at overall security level 1. The table below shows the security level claimed for
each of the eleven sections that comprise the FIPS 140-2 standard.
FIPS 140-2 Section Security
Level
1 Cryptographic Module Specification 1
2 Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces 1
3 Roles, Services and Authentication 1
4 Finite State Model 1
5 Physical Security N/A
6 Operational Environment 1
7 Cryptographic Key Management 1
8 EMI/EMC 1
9 Self-Tests 1
10 Design Assurance 1
11 Mitigation of Other Attacks 1
Overall Level 1
Table 1 - Security Levels
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The cryptographic logical boundary consists of all shared libraries and the integrity check files used for Integrity
Tests. The following table enumerates the files that comprise the module.
Component Description
libgcrypt.so.20 Libgcrypt shared library
.libgcrypt.so.20.hmac Libgcrypt shared library HMAC integrity file
Table 2 - Cryptographic Module Components
The software block diagram below shows the module, its interfaces with the operational environment and the
delimitation of its logical boundary, comprised of all the components within the ORANGE box.
Figure 1 - Software Block Diagram
The module is aimed to run on a general-purpose computer (GPC); the physical boundary of the module is the
tested platforms. Figure 2 shows the major components of a GPC.
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Figure 2 - Cryptographic Module Physical Boundary
The module has been tested on the test platforms shown below.
Test Platform Processor Test Configuration
Supermicro SYS-5018R-WR Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-2620v3 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit
Table 3 - Tested Platforms
Note: Per FIPS 140-2 IG G.5, the Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP) makes no statement as to
the correct operation of the module or the security strengths of the generated keys when this module is ported
and executed in an operational environment not listed on the validation certificate.
The platforms listed in the table below have not been tested as part of the FIPS 140-2 level 1 certification.
Canonical “vendor affirms” that these platforms are equivalent to the tested and validated platforms.
Test Platform Processor Test Configuration
Lenovo ThinkSystem SR645 AMD EPYC 7642 48-Core Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit
Lenovo ThinkSystem SR645 AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit
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Supermicro SYS-1019P-WTR Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum
8171M CPU
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit
Supermicro SYS-1019P-WTR Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit
Dell Server SKU: DCS 9550 Xeon-Broadwell E5-2683-V4 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit
Dell Server SKU: DCS 9550 Xeon-Broadwell E5-2650v4 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit
Dell Server SKU: DCS 9650 Xeon-Skylake X-SP 6142 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit
Supermicro Server SKU
2049U-TR4
Xeon-Cascade-Lake 6248 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit
Supermicro Server SKU
2049U-TR4
Xeon-Cascade-Lake 8260-
Platinum
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit
Supermicro Server SKU 2049U-
TR4
Xeon-Cascade-Lake 8280L-
Platinum
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit
Lenovo Server SKU: SR645 AMD Milan 7763 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit
Table 4 - Vendor Affirmed Platforms
1.2. Modes of Operation
The module supports two modes of operation:
• FIPS mode (the Approved mode of operation): only approved or allowed security functions with
sufficient security strength can be used.
• non-FIPS mode (the non-Approved mode of operation): only non-approved security functions can be
used.
The module enters FIPS mode after power-up tests succeed. Once the module is operational, the mode of
operation is implicitly assumed depending on the security function invoked and the security strength of the
cryptographic keys.
The module maintains separate contexts for each cryptographic operation. Therefore, Critical Security
Parameters (CSPs) used and stored in FIPS mode are not used in non-FIPS mode, and vice versa.
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2. Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces
As a software-only module, the module does not have physical ports. For the purpose of the FIPS 140-2
validation, the physical ports are interpreted to be the physical ports of the hardware platform on which it
runs.
The logical interfaces are the API through which applications request services. The following table summarizes
the four logical interfaces.
FIPS Interface Logical Interface
Data Input API input parameters
Data Output API output parameters
Control Input API function calls, API input parameters for
control
Status Output API return codes
Table 5 - Ports and Interfaces
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3. Roles, Services and Authentication
3.1. Roles
The module supports the following roles:
• User role: performs cryptographic services (in both FIPS mode and non-FIPS mode), key zeroization, get
status, and on-demand self-test.
• Crypto Officer role: performs module installation and initialization.
The User and Crypto Officer roles are implicitly assumed by the entity accessing the module services.
3.2. Services
The module provides services to users that assume one of the available roles. All services are shown in Table 6
and Table 7, and described in detail in the user documentation (i.e., man pages) referenced in section 9.1.
The table below shows the services available in FIPS mode. For each service, the associated cryptographic
algorithms, the roles to perform the service, and the cryptographic keys or Critical Security Parameters and
their access rights are listed. The following convention is used to specify access rights to a CSP:
• Create: the calling application can create a new CSP.
• Read: the calling application can read the CSP.
• Update: the calling application can write a new value to the CSP.
• Zeroize: the calling application can zeroize the CSP.
• n/a: the calling application does not access any CSP or key during its operation.
The complete list of cryptographic algorithms, modes and key lengths, and their corresponding Automated
Cryptographic Validation Protocol (ACVP) certificate numbers can be found in Table 8 and Table 9 of this
security policy. Notice that the algorithms mentioned in the Network Protocol Services correspond to the same
implementation of the algorithms described in the Cryptographic Library Services.
Service Algorithms Role Access Keys/CSP
Cryptographic Library Services
Symmetric Encryption
and Decryption
AES User Read AES key
Three-key Triple-DES User Read Triple-DES key
Symmetric Decryption Two-key Triple-DES User Read Triple-DES key
RSA key generation RSA, DRBG User Create RSA public-private key
RSA digital signature
generation and
verification
RSA User Read RSA public-private key
DSA key generation DSA, DRBG User Create DSA public-private key
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Service Algorithms Role Access Keys/CSP
DSA domain parameter
generation and
verification
DSA User n/a n/a
DSA digital signature
generation and
verification
DSA User Read DSA public-private key
ECDSA key generation ECDSA, DRBG User Create ECDSA public-private key
ECDSA public key
validation
ECDSA User Read ECDSA public key
ECDSA signature
generation and
verification
ECDSA User Read ECDSA public and private keys
Random number
generation
DRBG User Read,
Update
Entropy input string, Internal
state
Message digest SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-
256, SHA-384, SHA-512,
SHA3-224, SHA3-256,
SHA3-384, SHA3-512,
SHAKE-128, SHAKE-256
User n/a n/a
Message authentication
code (MAC)
HMAC User Read HMAC key
CMAC User Read AES or Triple-DES key
Key wrapping AES User Read AES key
Key encapsulation RSA User Read RSA public and private keys
Key Derivation SP 800-132 PBKDF User Create,
Read
Password, Derived key
Other FIPS-Related Services
Show status n/a User n/a None
Zeroization n/a User Zeroize All CSPs
Self-Tests AES, Triple-DES, SHS,
HMAC, DSA, RSA, ECDSA,
DRBG
User n/a None
Module installation n/a Crypto
Officer
n/a None
Module initialization n/a Crypto
Officer
n/a None
Table 6 - Services in FIPS mode of operation
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The table below lists the services only available in non-FIPS mode of operation.
Service Algorithms / Key sizes Role Access Keys
Cryptographic Library Services
Symmetric encryption and
decryption
ARC4, Blowfish, Camellia,
CAST5, DES, IDEA, RC2,
SEED, Serpent, Twofish,
GOST
User Read Symmetric key
Symmetric encryption 2-key Triple-DES User Read 2-key Triple-DES key
Asymmetric key generation El Gamal;
RSA/DSA keys in Table 10
User Create RSA, DSA or El Gamal
public and private keys
Digital signature
generation/verification
El Gamal;
RSA/ DSA keys in Table 10;
Signature generation using
SHA-1
User Read RSA, DSA or El Gamal
public and private keys
Asymmetric encryption and
decryption
RSA keys in Table 9;
El Gamal
User Read RSA, El Gamal public and
private keys
Message digest Tiger, MD4, MD5, Whirlpool,
RIPE-MD 160, GOST
User n/a none
Message authentication code
(MAC) using keys disallowed by
[SP800-131A]
HMAC listed in Table 10;
CMAC with 2-key Triple-DES
User Read HMAC key, 2-key Triple-
DES key
Random Number Generation CSPRNG User Read none
Password Based Key Derivation
Function
Password based KDF (RFC
4880)
User Read Password and derived
key
Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC32 User Read none
Table 7 – Services in non-FIPS mode of operation
3.3. Algorithms
The algorithms implemented in the module are tested and validated by CAVP for the following operating
environment:
• Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit running on Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-2620v3 processor
3.3.1. Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit Running on Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-2620v3 Processor
The following table shows all algorithms with the associated CAVP certificates for the module.
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Algorithm Mode / Method Key Lengths, Curves or Moduli
(in bits)
Use Standard CAVP
Certs
AES ECB, CBC, OFB,
CFB8, CFB128,
CTR
128, 192, 256 Data Encryption and
Decryption
[FIPS197],
[SP800-38A]
A184
CMAC 128, 192, 256 MAC Generation and
Verification
[SP800-38B]
CCM 128, 192, 256 Data Encryption and
Decryption
[SP800-38C]
XTS 128, 256 Data Encryption and
Decryption for Data
Storage
[SP800-38E]
KW 128, 192, 256 Key Wrapping and
Unwrapping
[SP800-38F]
DRBG CTR_DRBG
HMAC_DRBG
HASH_DRBG
(with/without
PR)
• AES-128/192/256, with
DF
• SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512
Deterministic
Random Bit
Generation
[SP800-90A]
DSA N/A L=2048, N=224
L=2048, N=256
L=3072, N=256
Key Pair Generation [FIPS186-4] A184
SHA-224 L=2048, N=224 Domain Parameter
Generation
SHA-256 L=2048, N=256
L=3072, N=256
SHA-224 L=2048, N=224 Digital Signature
Generation
SHA-224
SHA-256
L=2048, N=256
L=3072, N=256
SHA-224 L=2048, N=224 Domain Parameter
Verification
SHA-224
SHA-256
L=2048, N=256
L=3072, N=256
SHA-1 L=1024, N=160 Digital Signature
Verification
SHA-224 L=2048, N=224
SHA-224
SHA-256
L=2048, N=256
L=3072, N=256
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Algorithm Mode / Method Key Lengths, Curves or Moduli
(in bits)
Use Standard CAVP
Certs
ECDSA N/A P-256, P-384, P-521 Key Pair Generation [FIPS186-4] A184
SHA-224
SHA-256
SHA-384
SHA-512
Digital Signature
Generation
SHA-1
SHA-224
SHA-256
SHA-384
SHA-512
Digital Signature
Verification
HMAC SHA-1
SHA-224
SHA-256
SHA-384
SHA-512
SHA3-224
SHA3-256
SHA3-384
SHA3-512
112 or greater Message
Authentication Code
[FIPS198-1]
RSA X9.31 2048, 3072, 4096 Key Pair Generation [FIPS186-4] A184
PKCS#1v1.5
and PSS with:
SHA-224
SHA-256
SHA-384
SHA-512
2048, 3072, 4096 Digital Signature
Generation
Digital Signature
Verification
SHS SHA-1
SHA-224
SHA-256
SHA-384
SHA-512
N/A Message Digest [FIPS180-4]
SHA-3 SHA3-224
SHA3-256
SHA3-384
SHA3-512
SHAKE-128
SHAKE-256
[FIPS202]
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Algorithm Mode / Method Key Lengths, Curves or Moduli
(in bits)
Use Standard CAVP
Certs
Triple-DES ECB
CBC
CTR
CFB8
CFB64
OFB
192 (two-key Triple-DES) Data Decryption [SP800-67],
[SP800-38A]
192 (three-key Triple-DES) Data Encryption and
Decryption
CMAC 192 MAC Generation and
Verification
[SP800-67],
[SP800-38B]
A184
PBKDF
(Vendor
affirmed1
)
SHA-1
SHA-224
SHA-256
SHA-384
SHA-512
SHA3-224
SHA3-256
SHA3-384
SHA3-512
Iteration Count: 10-1000
Password Length: 8-128
Salt Length: 128-4096
Increment 8
Key Data Length: 128-4096
Increment 8
Password Based Key
Derivation Function
[SP800-132]
Table 8 - Cryptographic Algorithms for Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-2620v3 Processor
3.3.2. Allowed Algorithms
The following table describes the non-Approved but allowed algorithms in FIPS mode:
Algorithm Caveat Use
RSA Key encapsulation with Encryption
and Decryption Primitives with keys equal
or larger than 2048 bits up to 15360 or
more.
Provides between 112 and
256 bits of encryption
strength
Key Establishment; allowed per
[FIPS140-2_IG] D.9
NDRNG N/A The module obtains the entropy
data from NDRNG to seed the
DRBG.
Table 9 – FIPS-Allowed Cryptographic Algorithms
1
The PBKDF algorithm although CAVP tested is still vendor affirmed because KAT is not implemented.
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3.3.3. Non-Approved Algorithms
The table below shows the non-Approved cryptographic algorithms implemented in the module that are only
available in non-FIPS mode.
Algorithm Use
ARC4 Encrypt/Decrypt
Blowfish
Camellia
CAST5
DES
IDEA
RC2
SEED
Serpent
Twofish
GOST
2-Key Triple-DES Encryption; CMAC
RSA Key generation, signature generation, key encapsulation with keys less
than 2048 bits
RSA Signature verification with keys smaller than 1024 bits modulus size
DSA Parameter verification, Parameter/Key generation/Signature
generation with keys and hash sizes not listed in Table 3
GOST 28147 Encryption, R 34.11-94 Hashing, R 34.11.2012 (Stribog) Hashing
HMAC Using keys less than 112 bits.
CSPRNG Generating random numbers
Tiger Hashing
MD4
MD5
Whirlpool
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Algorithm Use
RIPEMD 160
GOST
El Gamal Key generation/encryption/decryption/signature generation and
verification
CRC32 Cyclic redundancy check
OpenPGP Salted and Iterated/Salted Password based KDF (RFC 4880)
SHA-1 Used for signature Generation
Table 10 - Non-Approved Cryptographic Algorithms
3.4. Operator Authentication
The module does not implement user authentication. The role of the user is implicitly assumed based on the
service requested.
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4. Physical Security
The module is comprised of software only and therefore this security policy does not make any claims on
physical security.
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5. Operational Environment
5.1. Applicability
The module operates in a modifiable operational environment per FIPS 140-2 level 1 specifications. The module
runs on a commercially available general-purpose operating system executing on the hardware specified in
Table 3 - Tested Platforms.
5.2. Policy
The operating system is restricted to a single operator; concurrent operators are explicitly excluded.
The application that requests cryptographic services is the single user of the module.
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6. Cryptographic Key Management
The following table summarizes the Critical Security Parameters (CSPs) that are used by the cryptographic
services implemented in the module:
Name Generation Entry and Output Zeroization
AES keys Not Applicable. The key
material is entered via API
parameter.
The key is passed into the
module via API input
parameters in plaintext.
Automatically zeroized
when freeing the cipher
handler by calling
gcry_cipher_close ()
Triple-DES keys
HMAC keys Automatically zeroized
when freeing the cipher
handler by calling
gcry_md_close()
RSA private keys The private keys are
generated using FIPS 186-4
Key Generation method,
and the random value used
in the key generation is
generated using SP800-90A
DRBG.
The key is passed into the
module via API input
parameters in plaintext.
The key is passed out of the
module via API output
parameters in plaintext.
Automatically zeroized
when freeing the cipher
handler by calling
gcry_sexp_release ()
DSA private keys
ECDSA private
keys
Entropy input
string and seed
Obtained from the NDRNG. None Automatically zeroized
when freeing DRBG handler
by calling
gcry_drbg_uninstantiate()
DRBG internal
state (V, C, Key)
During DRBG initialization.
Password Not Applicable. The
password is passed into the
module via API input
parameter.
The password is passed into
the module via API input
parameters in plaintext.
Automatically zeroized on
module power off
Derived Key Derived using SP 800-132
PBKDF
The key is passed out of the
module via API output
parameters in plaintext.
Automatically zeroized on
module power off
Table 11 - Life cycle of Critical Security Parameters (CSP)
The following sections describe how CSPs, in particular cryptographic keys, are managed during its life cycle.
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6.1. Random Number Generation
The module employs a Deterministic Random Bit Generator (DRBG) based on [SP800-90A] for the creation of
seeds for asymmetric keys. In addition, the module provides a Random Number Generation service to calling
applications.
The DRBG supports the CTR_DRBG, HMAC_DRBG and Hash_DRBG mechanism. The DRBG is initialized during
module initialization; the module loads by default the DRBG using the CTR_DRBG mechanism with AES-256 and
derivation function without prediction resistance. A different DRBG mechanism can be chosen through an API
function call.
The module uses a Non-Deterministic Random Number Generator (NDRNG), getrandom() system call, as the
entropy source for seeding the DRBG. The NDRNG is provided by the operational environment (i.e., Linux RNG),
which is within the module’s physical boundary but outside of the module’s logical boundary. The NDRNG
provides at least 256 bits of entropy to the DRBG during initialization (seed) and reseeding (reseed).
The Ubuntu Linux kernel performs conditional self-tests on the output of NDRNG to ensure that consecutive
random numbers do not repeat. The module performs the DRBG health tests as defined in section 11.3 of
[SP800-90A].
6.2. Key Generation
The Module provides an SP800-90A-compliant Deterministic Random Bit Generator (DRBG) for creation of key
components of asymmetric keys, and random number generation.
The getrandom() system call from the Operational Environment is used as a source of random numbers for
DRBG seeds and entropy input string.
The Key Generation methods implemented in the module for Approved services in FIPS mode is compliant with
[SP800-133] (vendor affirmed).
For generating RSA, DSA and ECDSA keys the module implements asymmetric key generation services
compliant with [FIPS186-4]. A seed (i.e. the random value) used in asymmetric key generation is directly
obtained from the [SP800-90A] DRBG.
6.3. Key Transport / Key Derivation
The module provides key wrapping using the AES with KW mode and RSA key encapsulation using private key
encryption and public key decryption primitives.
According to Table 2: Comparable strengths in [SP 800-57], the key sizes of AES and RSA provides the following
security strength in FIPS mode of operation:
• AES key wrapping provides between 128 and 256 bits of encryption strength.
• RSA key wrapping2
provides between 112 and 256 bits of encryption strength.
Note: As the module supports the size of RSA key pair greater than 2048 bits up to 15360 bits or more, the
encryption strength 256 bits is claimed for RSA key encapsulations key agreement.
In addition, the module implements key derivation using the SP 800-132 PBKDF2 vendor affirmed algorithm as
per D.6. The module supports option 1a from Section 5.4 of SP 800-132, whereby the Master Key (MK) is used
2
“Key wrapping” is used instead of “key encapsulation” to show how the algorithm will appear in the certificate per IG G.13.
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directly as the Data Protection Key (DPK). The keys derived from SP 800-132 KDF map to section 4.1 of SP 800-
133 as indirect generation from DRBG.
6.4. Key Entry / Output
The module does not support manual key entry or intermediate key generation key output. The keys are
provided to the module via API input parameters in plaintext form and output via API output parameters in
plaintext form. This is allowed by [FIPS140-2_IG] IG 7.7, according to the “CM Software to/from App Software
via GPC INT Path” entry on the Key Establishment Table.
6.5. Key / CSP Storage
Symmetric keys, HMAC keys, public and private keys are provided to the module by the calling application via
API input parameters, and are destroyed by the module when invoking the appropriate API function calls.
The module does not perform persistent storage of keys. The keys and CSPs are stored as plaintext in the RAM.
The only exception is the HMAC key used for the integrity test, which is stored in the module and relies on the
operating system for protection.
6.6. Key / CSP Zeroization
The memory occupied by keys is allocated by regular memory allocation operating system calls. The application
is responsible for calling the appropriate destruction functions. The destruction functions overwrite the
memory occupied by keys with “zeros” and deallocates the memory with the regular memory deallocation
operating system call. In case of abnormal termination, or swap in/out of a physical memory page of a process,
the keys in physical memory are overwritten by the Linux kernel before the physical memory is allocated to
another process.
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7. Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMI/EMC)
The test platforms listed in Table 3 - Tested Platforms have been tested and found to conform to the EMI/EMC
requirements specified by 47 Code of Federal Regulations, FCC PART 15, Subpart B, Unintentional Radiators,
Digital Devices, Class A (i.e., Business use). These devices are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference when the devices are operated in a commercial environment. They shall be installed and
used in accordance with the instruction manual.
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8. Self-Tests
FIPS 140-2 requires that the module perform power-up tests to ensure the integrity of the module and the
correctness of the cryptographic functionality at start up. In addition, some functions require continuous
testing of the cryptographic functionality, such as the asymmetric key generation. If any self-test fails, the
module returns an error code and enters the error state. No data output or cryptographic operations are
allowed in error state.
8.1. Power-Up Tests
The module performs power-up tests when the module is loaded into memory, without operator intervention.
Power-up tests ensure that the module is not corrupted and that the cryptographic algorithms work as
expected.
While the module is executing the power-up tests, services are not available, and input and output are
inhibited. The module is not available for use by the calling application until the power-up tests are completed
successfully.
The subsequent calls to the module will also fail - thus no further cryptographic operations are possible. If the
power-up tests complete successfully, the module will return 1 in the return code and will accept cryptographic
operation service requests.
8.1.1. Integrity Tests
The integrity of the module is verified by comparing an HMAC-SHA-256 value calculated at run time with the
HMAC value stored in the .hmac file that was computed at build time for each software component of the
module. If the HMAC values do not match, the test fails and the module enters the error state.
8.1.2. Cryptographic Algorithm Tests
The module performs self-tests on all FIPS-Approved cryptographic algorithms supported in the Approved
mode of operation, using the Known Answer Tests (KAT) and Pair-wise Consistency Tests (PCT) shown in the
following table:
Algorithm Power-Up Tests
AES • AES-128: ECB, CFB, OFB
• AES-192: ECB, CCM
• AES-256: ECB, CMAC
Triple DES • ECB, CBC, CTR, CFB, CMAC
HMAC • SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512
• SHA3-224, SHA3-256, SHA3-384, SHA3-512
DSA • PCT DSA with L=2048, N=256 and SHA-256
ECDSA • PCT ECDSA with P-256 and SHA-256
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Algorithm Power-Up Tests
RSA • KAT RSA with 2048-bit key, PKCS#1 v1.5 scheme and SHA-256, signature generation
• KAT RSA with 2048-bit key, PKCS#1 v1.5 scheme and SHA-256, signature verification
DRBG • SHA-256 with PR
• HMAC-SHA-256 with PR
• AES-128 with PR
• SHA-256 no PR
• HMAC-SHA256 no PR
• AES-128 no PR
• SHA1 no PR
Table 12- Self-Tests
For the KAT, the module calculates the result and compares it with the known value. If the answer does not
match the known answer, the KAT is failed and the module enters the Error state.
For the PCT, if the signature generation or verification fails, the module enters the Error state. As described in
section 3.3, only one AES or SHA implementation is available at run-time.
The KATs cover the different cryptographic implementations available in the operating environment.
8.2. On-Demand Self-Tests
On-Demand self-tests can be invoked by powering-off and reloading the module which cause the module to
run the power-up tests again. During the execution of the on-demand self-tests, services are not available and
no data output or input is possible.
8.3. Conditional Tests
The module performs conditional tests on the cryptographic algorithms, using the Pair-wise Consistency Tests
(PCT) and Continuous Random Number Generator Test (CRNGT), shown in the following table:
Algorithm Conditional Test
DSA key generation • PCT using SHA-256, signature generation and verification.
ECDSA key generation • PCT using SHA-256, signature generation and verification.
RSA key generation • PCT using SHA-256, signature generation and verification.
• PCT for encryption and decryption.
DRBG • CRNGT is not required per IG 9.8
Table 13 - Conditional Tests
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8.4. Error state
The Module enters Error state with error message, on failure of POST or conditional test. In Error state, all data
output is inhibited and no cryptographic operation is allowed. The error can be recovered by calling
gcry_control(GCRYCTL_SELFTEST) function that reruns the POST. The module enters Fatal Error state when
random numbers are requested in error state or when requesting cipher operations on deallocated handle. In
Fatal Error state the module is aborted and is not available for use. The module needs to be reloaded in order
to recover from Fatal Error state.
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9. Guidance
9.1. Crypto Officer Guidance
The binaries of the module are contained in the Ubuntu packages for delivery. The Crypto Officer shall follow
this Security Policy to configure the operational environment and install the module to be operated as a FIPS
140-2 validated module.
The following Ubuntu packages contain the FIPS validated module:
Processor
Architecture
Ubuntu packages Module Version
x86_64 libgcrypt20_1.8.1-4ubuntu1.fips.2.5_amd64.deb
libgcrypt20-hmac-1.8.1-4ubuntu1.fips.2.5_amd64.deb
1.0
libgcrypt20_1.8.1-4ubuntu1.fips.2.5_amd64.deb
libgcrypt20-hmac-1.8.1-4ubuntu1.fips.2.5_amd64.deb
1.1
Table 14 – Ubuntu packages
The libgcrypt2-doc_1.8.1.ubuntu2.fips2.4.deb and libgcrypt2-doc_1.8.1.ubuntu2.fips2.5.deb Ubuntu package
contains the man pages for the module.
Note: The prelink is not installed on Ubuntu, by default. For proper operation of the in-module integrity
verification, the prelink should be disabled.
9.1.1. Operating Environment Configurations
To configure the operating environment to support FIPS, the following shall be performed with the root
privilege:
(1) Install the following linux-fips and fips-initramfs Ubuntu packages depending on the target operational
environment:
Processor
Architecture
Ubuntu packages
x86_64 fips-initramfs_0.0.10_amd64.deb
linux-fips_4.15.0.1011.10_amd64.deb
Table 15 – Prerequisite Ubuntu packages
(2) Add fips=1 to the kernel command line.
• create the file /etc/default/grub.d/99-fips.cfg with the content:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=”$GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT fips=1”.
(3) If /boot resides on a separate partition, the kernel parameter bootdev=UUID=<UUID of partition> must also
be appended in the aforementioned grub or zipl.conf file. Please see the following Note for more details.
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(4) Update the boot loader.
• For the x86_64 system, execute the update-grub command.
(5) Execute reboot to reboot the system with the new settings.
Now, the operating environment is configured to support FIPS operation. The Crypto Officer should check the
existence of the file, /proc/sys/crypto/fips_enabled, and that it contains “1”. If the file does not exist or does
not contain “1”, the operating environment is not configured to support FIPS and the module will not operate
as a FIPS validated module properly.
Note: If /boot resides on a separate partition, the kernel parameter bootdev=UUID=<UUID of partition> must
be supplied. The partition can be identified with the command df /boot. For example:
$ df /boot
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb2 241965 127948 101525 56% /boot
The UUID of the /boot partition can be found by using the command grep /boot /etc/fstab. For example:
$ grep /boot /etc/fstab
# /boot was on /dev/sdb2 during installation
UUID=cec0abe7-14a6-4e72-83ba-b912468bbb38 /boot ext2 defaults 0 2
Then, the UUID shall be added in the /etc/default/grub.d/99-fips.cfg. For example:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="$GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT fips=1 bootdev=UUID=Insert
boot UUID"
9.1.2. Module Installation
Canonical distributes the module via Personal Package Archives (PPA), whose access is granted to users with a
valid subscription. In order to obtain a subscription and download the FIPS validated version of the module,
please email "sales@canonical.com" or contact a Canonical representative, https://www.ubuntu.com/contact-
us. Canonical provides specific instructions to configure the system to get access to the corresponding PPA.
Once the operating environment is configured following the instructions provided in section 9.1.1, and
configuration to access the PPA is complete, the Crypto Officer can install the Ubuntu packages containing the
module listed in Table 14 using the Advanced Package Tool (APT) with the following command line:
$ sudo apt-get install libcgrypt20 libgcrypt20-hmac
All the Ubuntu packages are associated with hashes for integrity check. The integrity of the Ubuntu package is
automatically verified by the packing tool during the installation of the module. The Crypto Officer shall not
install the package if the integrity fails.
9.2. User Guidance
In order to run in FIPS mode, the module must be operated using the FIPS Approved services, with their
corresponding FIPS Approved and FIPS allowed cryptographic algorithms provided in this Security Policy (see
section 3.2 Services). In addition, key sizes must comply with [SP800-131A].
Applications using libgcrypt need to call gcry_control(GCRYCTL_INITIALIZATION_FINISHED, 0) after initialization
is done: that ensures that the DRBG is properly seeded, among others. gcry_control(GCRYCTL_TERM_SECMEM)
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needs to be called before the process is terminated. The function gcry_set_allocation_handler() may not be
used.
The user must not call malloc/free to create/release space for keys, let libgcrypt manage space for keys, which
will ensure that the key memory is overwritten before it is released. See the documentation file doc/gcrypt.texi
within the source code tree for complete instructions for use.
The information pages are included within the developer package. The user can find the documentation at the
following location after having installed the documentation package:
• /usr/share/info/gcrypt.info.gz.
9.2.1. AES XTS
The AES algorithm in XTS mode can be only used for the cryptographic protection of data on storage devices, as
specified in [SP800-38E]. The length of a single data unit encrypted with the XTS-AES shall not exceed 2²⁰ AES
blocks that is 16MB of data.
To meet the requirement in [FIPS140-2_IG] A.9, the module implements a check to ensure that the two AES
keys used in XTS-AES algorithm are not identical.
Note: AES-XTS shall be used with 128 and 256-bit keys only. AES-XTS with 192-bit keys is not an Approved
service.
9.2.2. Triple-DES
[SP800-67] imposes a restriction on the number of 64-bit block encryptions performed under the same three-
key Triple-DES key. The module cannot perform more than 216
64-bit data block encryptions. The user is
responsible for ensuring the module’s compliance with this requirement.
9.2.3. PBKDF
Keys derived from passwords or passphrases are only used for data at rest. The length of the salt should be at
least 128 bits and the length of the password or passphrase should be at least 20 characters, which provides
the probability of guessing this password or passphrase to be (1/10) ^ 20 assuming a scenario where all
characters are digits. The caller shall observe all requirements and should consider all recommendations
specified in SP800-132 with respect to the strength of the generated key, including the quality of the password
and the quality of the salt.
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10. Mitigation of Other Attacks
libgcrypt uses a blinding technique for RSA decryption to mitigate real world timing attacks over a network:
Instead of using the RSA decryption directly, a blinded value (y = x·re mod n) is decrypted and the unblinded
value (x' = y'·r-1 mod n) returned. The blinding value “r” is a random value with the size of the modulus “n”
and generated with `GCRY_WEAK_RANDOM' random level.
Weak Triple-DES keys are detected as follows:
In DES there are 64 known keys which are weak because they produce only one, two, or four different
subkeys in the subkey scheduling process. The keys in this table have all their parity bits cleared.
static byte weak_keys[64][8] =
{
{ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, /*w weak keys*/
{ 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x0e },
{ 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0xf0 },
{ 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe },
{ 0x00, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x0e }, /*sw semi-weak keys*/
{ 0x00, 0x1e, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0x00 },
{ 0x00, 0x1e, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x0e, 0xf0, 0xfe },
{ 0x00, 0x1e, 0xfe, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x0e, 0xfe, 0xf0 },
{ 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x00, 0xf0 }, /*sw*/
{ 0x00, 0xe0, 0x1e, 0xfe, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x0e, 0xfe },
{ 0x00, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0x00 },
{ 0x00, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0x1e, 0x00, 0xf0, 0xfe, 0x0e },
{ 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00, 0xfe }, /*sw*/
{ 0x00, 0xfe, 0x1e, 0xe0, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x0e, 0xf0 },
{ 0x00, 0xfe, 0xe0, 0x1e, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0x0e },
{ 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x00 },
{ 0x1e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e },
{ 0x1e, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x00 }, /*sw*/
{ 0x1e, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0x0e, 0x00, 0xf0, 0xfe },
{ 0x1e, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xf0 },
{ 0x1e, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x00 },
{ 0x1e, 0x1e, 0x1e, 0x1e, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0x0e }, /*w*/
{ 0x1e, 0x1e, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0xf0, 0xf0 },
{ 0x1e, 0x1e, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0xfe, 0xfe },
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{ 0x1e, 0xe0, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x0e, 0xf0, 0x00, 0xfe },
{ 0x1e, 0xe0, 0x1e, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0xf0, 0x0e, 0xf0 }, /*sw*/
{ 0x1e, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0x1e, 0x0e, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0x0e },
{ 0x1e, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x0e, 0xf0, 0xfe, 0x00 },
{ 0x1e, 0xfe, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0xfe, 0x00, 0xf0 },
{ 0x1e, 0xfe, 0x1e, 0xfe, 0x0e, 0xfe, 0x0e, 0xfe }, /*sw*/
{ 0x1e, 0xfe, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x0e, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0x00 },
{ 0x1e, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x1e, 0x0e, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x0e },
{ 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0 },
{ 0xe0, 0x00, 0x1e, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x0e, 0xfe },
{ 0xe0, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x00 }, /*sw*/
{ 0xe0, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x1e, 0xf0, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x0e },
{ 0xe0, 0x1e, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0x0e, 0x00, 0xfe },
{ 0xe0, 0x1e, 0x1e, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0xf0 },
{ 0xe0, 0x1e, 0xe0, 0x1e, 0xf0, 0x0e, 0xf0, 0x0e }, /*sw*/
{ 0xe0, 0x1e, 0xfe, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x0e, 0xfe, 0x00 },
{ 0xe0, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00 },
{ 0xe0, 0xe0, 0x1e, 0x1e, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0x0e, 0x0e },
{ 0xe0, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0 }, /*w*/
{ 0xe0, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xfe, 0xfe },
{ 0xe0, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x1e, 0xf0, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x0e },
{ 0xe0, 0xfe, 0x1e, 0x00, 0xf0, 0xfe, 0x0e, 0x00 },
{ 0xe0, 0xfe, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0xfe }, /*sw*/
{ 0xe0, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xf0 },
{ 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe },
{ 0xfe, 0x00, 0x1e, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x0e, 0xf0 },
{ 0xfe, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x1e, 0xfe, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x0e },
{ 0xfe, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00 }, /*sw*/
{ 0xfe, 0x1e, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0x0e, 0x00, 0xf0 },
{ 0xfe, 0x1e, 0x1e, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0xfe },
{ 0xfe, 0x1e, 0xe0, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x0e, 0xf0, 0x00 },
{ 0xfe, 0x1e, 0xfe, 0x1e, 0xfe, 0x0e, 0xfe, 0x0e }, /*sw*/
{ 0xfe, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x1e, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x0e },
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{ 0xfe, 0xe0, 0x1e, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0x0e, 0x00 },
{ 0xfe, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xfe },
{ 0xfe, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0xfe, 0xf0 }, /*sw*/
{ 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00 },
{ 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x1e, 0x1e, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x0e, 0x0e },
{ 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0xf0 },
{ 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe } /*w*/ };
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Appendix A. Glossary and Abbreviations
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
AES-NI Advanced Encryption Standard New Instructions
API Application Program Interface
APT Advanced Package Tool
CAVP Cryptographic Algorithm Validation Program
CBC Cipher Block Chaining
CCM Counter with Cipher Block Chaining-Message Authentication Code
CFB Cipher Feedback
CLMUL Carry-less Multiplication
CMAC Cipher-based Message Authentication Code
CMVP Cryptographic Module Validation Program
CPACF CP Assist for Cryptographic Function
CRNGT Continuous Random Number Generator Test
CSP Critical Security Parameter
CTR Counter Mode
DES Data Encryption Standard
DF Derivation Function
DSA Digital Signature Algorithm
DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security
DRBG Deterministic Random Bit Generator
ECB Electronic Code Book
ECC Elliptic Curve Cryptography
EMI/EMC Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic Compatibility
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FFC Finite Field Cryptography
FIPS Federal Information Processing Standards Publication
GCM Galois Counter Mode
GPC General Purpose Computer
HMAC Hash Message Authentication Code
IG Implementation Guidance
KAS Key Agreement Schema
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KAT Known Answer Test
KDF Key Derivation Function
KW Key Wrap
LPAR Logical Partitions
MAC Message Authentication Code
NIST National Institute of Science and Technology
NDRNG Non-Deterministic Random Number Generator
OFB Output Feedback
PCT Pair-wise Consistency Test
PPA Personal Package Archive
PR Prediction Resistance
PRNG Pseudo-Random Number Generator
PSS Probabilistic Signature Scheme
RSA Rivest, Shamir, Addleman
SHA Secure Hash Algorithm
SHS Secure Hash Standard
SSSE3 Supplemental Streaming SIMD Extensions 3
TLS Transport Layer Security
XTS XEX-based Tweaked-codebook mode with ciphertext Stealing
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Appendix B. References
FIPS140-2 FIPS PUB 140-2 - Security Requirements For Cryptographic Modules
May 2001
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
FIPS140-2_IG Implementation Guidance for FIPS PUB 140-2 and the Cryptographic Module Validation
Program
February 5, 2019
http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/documents/fips140-2/FIPS1402IG.pdf
FIPS180-4 Secure Hash Standard (SHS)
March 2012
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.180-4.pdf
FIPS186-4 Digital Signature Standard (DSS)
July 2013
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.186-4.pdf
FIPS197 Advanced Encryption Standard
November 2001
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips197/fips-197.pdf
FIPS198-1 The Keyed Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC)
July 2008
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips198-1/FIPS-198-1_final.pdf
FIPS202 SHA-3 Standard: Permutation-Based Hash and Extendable-Output Functions
August 2015
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.202.pdf
LMAN Linux Man Pages
http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/
PKCS#1 Public Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) #1: RSA Cryptography
Specifications Version 2.1
February 2003
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3447.txt
RFC2246 The TLS Protocol Version 1.0
January 1999
https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2246.txt
RFC3268 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Ciphersuites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)
June 2002
https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3268.txt
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RFC4279 Pre-Shared Key Ciphersuites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)
December 2005
https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4279.txt
RFC4346 The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.1
April 2006
https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4346.txt
RFC4492 Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Cipher Suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)
May 2006
https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4492.txt
RFC5116 An Interface and Algorithms for Authenticated Encryption
January 2008
https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5116.txt
RFC5246 The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2
August 2008
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246.txt
RFC5288 AES Galois Counter Mode (GCM) Cipher Suites for TLS
August 2008
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5288.txt
RFC5487 Pre-Shared Key Cipher Suites for TLS with SHA-256/384 and AES Galois Counter Mode
March 2009
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5487.txt
RFC5489 ECDHE_PSK Cipher Suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)
March 2009
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5489.txt
RFC6655 AES-CCM Cipher Suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)
July 2012
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6655.txt
RFC7251 AES-CCM Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Cipher Suites for TLS
June 2014
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7251.txt
SP800-38A NIST Special Publication 800-38A - Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation
Methods and Techniques
December 2001
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-38a/sp800-38a.pdf
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SP800-38B NIST Special Publication 800-38B - Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation:
The CMAC Mode for Authentication
May 2005
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-38B/SP_800-38B.pdf
SP800-38C NIST Special Publication 800-38C - Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation:
the CCM Mode for Authentication and Confidentiality
May 2004
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-38c.pdf
SP800-38D NIST Special Publication 800-38D - Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation:
Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC
November 2007
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-38D/SP-800-38D.pdf
SP800-38E NIST Special Publication 800-38E - Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation:
The XTS AES Mode for Confidentiality on Storage Devices
January 2010
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-38E/nist-sp-800-38E.pdf
SP800-38F NIST Special Publication 800-38F - Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation:
Methods for Key Wrapping
December 2012
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-38F.pdf
SP800-52 NIST Special Publication 800-52 Revision 1 - Guidelines for the Selection, Configuration, and
Use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) Implementations
April 2014
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-52r1.pdf
SP800-56A NIST Special Publication 800-56A Revision 2 - Recommendation for Pair Wise Key
Establishment Schemes Using Discrete Logarithm Cryptography
May 2013
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800 56Ar2.pdf
SP800-56B NIST Special Publication 800-56B Revision 1 - Recommendation for Pair-Wise Key-
Establishment Schemes Using Integer Factorization Cryptography
September 2014
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-56Br1.pdf
SP800-57 NIST Special Publication 800-57 Part 1 Revision 4 - Recommendation for Key Management
Part 1: General
January 2016
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-57pt1r4.pdf
SP800-67 NIST Special Publication 800-67 Revision 1 - Recommendation for the Triple Data Encryption
Algorithm (TDEA) Block Cipher
January 2012
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-67-Rev1/SP-800-67-Rev1.pdf
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SP800-90A NIST Special Publication 800-90A - Revision 1 - Recommendation for Random Number
Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators
June 2015
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-90Ar1.pdf
SP800-131A NIST Special Publication 800-131A – Revision 2 - Transitioning the Use of Cryptographic
Algorithms and Key Lengths
March 2019
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-131Ar2.pdf
SP800-135 NIST Special Publication 800-135 Revision 1 - Recommendation for Existing Application-
Specific Key Derivation Functions
December 2011
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-135r1.pdf