This non-proprietary Security Policy may only be copied in its entirety without alterations including this statement. Samsung copyright 2018
Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series
FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy
Document Revision: 1.1
H/W version: MZWLL1T9HAJQ-000C9, MZWLL3T8HAJQ-000C9,
MZWLL7T6HMLA-000C9, MZWLL15THMLA-000C9
F/W version: GPJ95E5Q, GPJ99E5Q, GPJ9DE5Q and GPJ9FE5Q
Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series
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Revision History
Author(s) Version Updates
Seungjae Lee 1.0 Initial Version
Seungjae Lee 1.1 Minor changes as updated module version
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................4
1.1. Hardware and Physical Cryptographic Boundary......................................................................5
1.2. Firmware and Logical Cryptographic Boundary........................................................................6
2. Acronym.............................................................................................................................................7
3. Security Level Specification................................................................................................................8
4. Cryptographic Functionality...............................................................................................................9
4.1. Approve algorithms..................................................................................................................9
4.2. Non‐Approved Algorithm .......................................................................................................10
4.3. Critical Security Parameters....................................................................................................11
4.4. Public Security Parameters.....................................................................................................12
5. Physical Ports and Logical Interfaces................................................................................................13
6. Roles, Services and Authentication..................................................................................................14
6.1. Roles.......................................................................................................................................14
6.2. Authentication........................................................................................................................15
6.3. Services...................................................................................................................................16
6.3.1. Authenticated Services.................................................................................................16
6.3.2. Unauthenticated Services.............................................................................................17
7. Physical security policy ....................................................................................................................18
8. Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMI/EMC) ......................................21
9. Mitigation of Other Attacks Policy ...................................................................................................22
10. Security rules ............................................................................................................................23
10.1. Secure Installation...............................................................................................................23
10.2. Operational description of Module.....................................................................................24
10.3. Power‐on Self‐Tests.............................................................................................................25
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1. Introduction
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (“Samsung”) NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series, herein after
referred to as a “cryptographic module” or “module”, SSD (Solid State Drive), satisfies all applicable
FIPS 140‐2 Security Level 2 requirements, supporting TCG Opal SSC based SED (Self‐Encrypting Drive)
features, designed to protect unauthorized access to the user data stored in its NAND Flash memories.
The built‐in AES HW engines in the cryptographic module’s controller provide on‐the‐fly encryption
and decryption of the user data without performance loss. The SED’s nature also provides
instantaneous sanitization of the user data via cryptographic erase.
Module Name Hardware Version
Firmware
Version
Drive
Capacity
Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs
PM1723b Series
MZWLL1T9HAJQ‐000C9 GPJ95E5Q,
GPJ99E5Q,
GPJ9DE5Q,
GPJ9FE5Q
1.92TB
MZWLL3T8HAJQ‐000C9 3.84TB
MZWLL7T6HMLA‐000C9 7.68TB
MZWLL15THMLA‐000C9 15.3TB
Exhibit 1 – Versions of Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series.
Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series
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1.1. Hardware and Physical Cryptographic Boundary
The following photographs show the cryptographic module’s top and bottom views. The multiple‐
chip standalone cryptographic module consists of hardware and firmware components that are all
enclosed in two aluminum alloy cases, which serve as the cryptographic boundary of the module. The
top and bottom cases are assembled by screws and the tamper‐evident labels are applied for the
detection of any opening of the cases. No security relevant component can be seen within the visible
spectrum through the opaque enclosure.
New firmware versions within the scope of this validation must be validated through the FIPS 140‐2
CMVP. Any other firmware loaded into this module is out of the scope of this validation and requires a
separate FIPS 140‐2 validation.
Exhibit 2 – Specification of the Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series Cryptographic
Boundary (From top to bottom, side).
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1.2. Firmware and Logical Cryptographic Boundary
The PM1723b series use a single ship controller with a NVMe interface on the system side and
Samsung NAND flash internally. The following figure depicts the Module operational environment.
Exhibit 3 – Block Diagram for Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series.
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2. Acronym
Acronym Description
CTRL EPiC2 Controller (SAMSUNG EPiC2 NVMe TLC/MLC SSD
Controller)
NVMe I/F Non‐Volatile Memory Express Interface
CPU Central Processing Unit (ARM‐based)
DRAM I/F Dynamic Random Access Memory Interface
ECC Error Correcting Code
SRAM Static Random Access Memory
NAND I/F NAND Flash Interface
PMIC Power Management Integrated Circuit
ROM Read‐only Memory
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
NAND NAND Flash Memory
LBA Logical Block Address
MEK Media Encryption Key
MSID Manufactured SID(Security Identifier)
Exhibit 4 – Acronym and Descriptions for Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series.
Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series
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3. Security Level Specification
Security Requirements Area Level
Cryptographic Module Specification 2
Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces 2
Roles, Services, and Authentication 2
Finite State Model 2
Physical Security 2
Operational Environment N/A
Cryptographic Key Management 2
EMI/EMC 3
Self‐tests 2
Design Assurance 2
Mitigation of Other Attacks N/A
Exhibit 5 – Security Level Table.
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4. Cryptographic Functionality
4.1. Approve algorithms
The cryptographic module supports the following Approved algorithms for secure data storage:
CAVP
Cert.
Algorithm Standard Mode /
Method
Key Lengths,
Curves or Moduli
Use
5007 AES FIPS 197
SP 800‐38E
XTS 256‐bit Data Encryption /
Decryption
*Note1
Vendor
Affirmed
CKG SP800‐133 Cryptographic Key
Generation
1845 DRBG SP 800‐90A
Revision 1
Hash_
DRBG
(SHA‐256)
Deterministic
Random Bit
Generation
1288 ECDSA FIPS 186‐4 SigVer P‐224 Digital Signature
Verification
4072 SHS FIPS 180‐4 SHA‐256 Message Digest
Exhibit 6 ‐ Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series Approved Algorithms.
Note1: AES‐ECB is the pre‐requisite for AES‐XTS; AES‐ECB alone is NOT supported by the cryptographic module in
FIPS Mode.
Note2: This module supports AES‐XTS which is only approved for storage applications.
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4.2. Non‐Approved Algorithm
The cryptographic module supports the following non‐Approved but allowed algorithms:
Algorithm Use
NDRNG Non‐deterministic Random Number Generator
(only used for generating seed materials for the Approved DRBG)
NDRNG provides a minimum of 256 bits of entropy for DRBG seed
Exhibit 7 ‐ Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series Non‐Approved but allowed algorithms.
Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series
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4.3. Critical Security Parameters
The cryptographic module contains the following Keys and CSPs:
CSPs Generation, Storage and Zeroization Methods
DRBG Internal State*Note3
Generation: SP 800‐90A HASH_DRBG (SHA‐256)
Storage: Plaintext in SRAM
Zeroization: via “Initialization”, “Erase an LBA Range’s Data”,
“Change the Password” and “Zeroize” service
DRBG Seed Generation: NDRNG
Storage: Plaintext in DRAM
Zeroization: via “Initialization”, “Erase an LBA Range’s Data”,
“Change the Password” and “Zeroize” service
DRBG Entropy Input String Generation: NDRNG
Storage: Plaintext in DRAM
Zeroization: via “Initialization”, “Erase an LBA Range’s Data”,
“Change the Password” and “Zeroize” service
CO Password Generation: N/A
Storage: Plaintext in Flash Memory and used in SRAM
Zeroization: via “Initialization”, “Change the Password” and
“Zeroize” service
User Password Generation: N/A
Storage: Plaintext in Flash Memory and used in SRAM
Zeroization: via “Initialization” service, “Erase an LBA Range’s
Data” and “Zeroize” service
MEK Generation: SP 800‐90A HASH_DRBG (SHA‐256)
As per SP 800‐133 Section 7.1, key generation is performed as per
the "Direct Generation: of Symmetric Keys" which is an Approved
key generation method
Key Type: AES‐XTS 256
Storage: Plaintext in Flash Memory and used in SRAM
Zeroization: via “Initialization”, “Lock an LBA Range”, “Erase an LBA
Range’s Data” and “Zeroize” service
Exhibit 8– CSPs and details on Generation, Storage and Zeroization Methods.
Note3: The values of V and C are the “secret values” of the internal state.
Note4: In accordance with FIPS 140‐2 IG D.12, the cryptographic module performs Cryptographic Key Generation
(CKG) as per SP 800‐133 (Vendor Affirmed). The resulting generated symmetric key is the unmodified output from
SP 800‐90A DRBG.
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4.4. Public Security Parameters
Public Keys Generation, Storage and Zeroization Methods
FW Verification Key
(ECDSA Public Key)
Generation: N/A
Key Type: ECDSA P‐224
Storage: Plaintext in Flash Memory and used in SRAM Zeroization: N/A
Exhibit 9 – Public Keys and details on Generation, Storage and Zeroization Methods
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5. Physical Ports and Logical Interfaces
Physical Port Logical Interface
NVMe Connector
Data Input/Output
Control Input
Status Output
Power Input
Exhibit 10 – Specification of the Samsung NVMe TCG Opal SSC SEDs PM1723b Series Cryptographic
Module Physical Ports and Logical Interfaces.
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6. Roles, Services and Authentication
6.1. Roles
The following table defines the roles, type of authentication, and associated authenticated data
types supported by the cryptographic module:
Role Authentication Data
CO Role Password
User Role Password
FW Loader ECDSA
Exhibit 11 ‐ Roles and Required Identification and Authentication (FIPS 140‐2 Table C1).
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6.2. Authentication
The authentication mechanism allows a minimum 6‐byte length or longer (32‐byte) Password, where
each byte can be any of 0x00 to 0xFF, for every Cryptographic Officer and User role supported by the
module, which means a single random attempt can succeed with the probability of 1/248
or lower.
Each Password authentication attempt takes at least 5ms and the number of attempts is limited to
TryLimit, a configurable parameter which is set to 33 in manufacturing time. Since the module takes at
least 4 seconds to be ready after power‐on and 33 authentication failures require a power‐cycle, it
would take a total of 4165ms ((5ms *33) + 4000ms) for every 33rd
authentication attempt. Therefore,
the number of attempts possible in a minute period is limited to only 495 attempts (60000ms ==
(5ms*33 attempts + 4000ms) *14 + (5ms * 33 attempts) + 1525).
Therefore, the probability of multiple random attempts to succeed in one minute is 495 / 248
, which
is much less than the FIPS 140‐2 requirement 1/100,000.
The authentication mechanism for FW Loader role is ECDSA P‐224 with SHA256 digital signature
verification, which means a single random attempt, can succeed with the probability of 1/2112
.
Each ECDSA Signature Verification authentication attempt takes at least 600ms. Since the module
takes at least 4 seconds to be ready after power‐on, it would take a total of 4600ms for every FW
download attempt. This enforces the maximum number of attempts to be no more than 13 attempts
(60000ms/4600ms) in a minute period. Therefore, the probability of multiple random attempts to
succeed in one minute is 13/2112
, which is much less than the FIPS 140‐2 requirement 1/100,000.
Authentication Mechanism Strength of Mechanism
Password (Min: 6 bytes, Max:
32 bytes) Authentication
- Probability of 1/248
in a single
random attempt
- Probability of 495/248
in multiple
random attempts in a minute
ECDSA Signature Verification - Probability of 1/2112
in a single
random attempt
- Probability of 13/2112
in multiple
random attempts in a minute
Exhibit 12 ‐ Strengths of Authentication Mechanisms (FIPS 140‐2 Table C2).
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6.3. Services
6.3.1. Authenticated Services
The following table lists roles, services, cryptographic keys, CSPs and Public Keys and the types of
access that are available to each of the authorized roles via the corresponding services:
* Type(s) of Access indicated using “O” marker.
* R: READ; W: WRITE; G: GENERATE; Z: ZEROIZE
Role Service
Cryptographic Keys,
CSPs and Public Keys
Security
Function
Type(s) of Access
R W G Z
Cryptographic
Officer
Initialization
DRBG Internal State Hash_ DRBG
(SHA‐256)
O O O
DRBG Seed O O O
DRBG Entropy Input String O O O
CO Password O O
MEK O O
Drive Extended
Status
N/A
N/A
N/A
Admin/User
Authority
Enable/Disable
N/A
N/A
N/A
Lock an LBA Range MEK N/A O
Unlock an LBA
Range
MEK
AES‐XTS
O
Configure an LBA
Range
N/A
N/A
N/A
Erase an LBA
Range’s Data
DRBG Internal State Hash_ DRBG
(SHA‐256)
O O O
DRBG Seed O O O
DRBG Entropy Input String O O O
MEK O O
Change the
Password.
CO Password
N/A
O O
User
Unlock an LBA
Range
MEK
AES‐XTS
O
Set User Password User Password O
Lock an LBA Range MEK N/A O
Configure an LBA
Range
N/A
N/A
N/A
FW Loader
Update the
firmware
FW Verification Key
ECDSA, SHA‐
256
O
Exhibit 13 – Services Authorized for Roles, Access Rights within Services (FIPS 140‐2 Table C3, Table
C4).
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6.3.2. Unauthenticated Services
The following table lists the unauthenticated services:
* Type(s) of Access indicated using “O” marker.
* R: READ; W: WRITE; G: GENERATE; Z: ZEROIZE
Unauthenticated
Service
Cryptographic Keys & CSPs
Security
Function
Type(s) of Access
R W G Z
Zeroize
DRBG Internal State Hash_DRBG
(SHA‐256)
O
DRBG Seed O
DRBG Entropy Input String O
CO Password O
User Password O
MEK O
Get Random
Number
DRBG Internal State Hash_
DRBG
(SHA‐256)
O O O
DRBG Seed O O O
DRBG Entropy Input String O O O
IO Command N.A N/A N/A
Get MSID N/A N/A N/A
Show Status N/A N/A N/A
Self‐test N/A N/A N/A
Exhibit 14 – Unauthenticated Service, Cryptographic Keys & CSPs and Type(s) of Access.
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7. Physical security policy
The following physical security mechanisms are implemented in a cryptographic module:
• The Module consists of production‐grade components enclosed in an aluminum alloy enclosure,
which is opaque within the visible spectrum. The top panel of the enclosure can be removed by
unscrewing screws. However, the module is sealed with tamper‐evident labels in accordance
with FIPS 140‐2 Level 2 Physical Security requirements so that tampering is easily detected
when the top and bottom cases are detached.
• 2 tamper‐evident labels are applied over both top and bottom cases of the module at the
factory. The tamper‐evident labels are not removed and reapplied without tamper evidence.
• The tamper‐evident labels are applied by Samsung at Manufacturing.
The following table summarizes the actions required by the Cryptographic Officer Role to ensure
that physical security is maintained:
Physical Security
Mechanisms
Recommended
Frequency of
Inspection/Test
Inspection/Test Guidance Details
Production grade
cases
As often as feasible
Inspect the entire perimeter for cracks,
gouges, lack of screw(s) and other signs of
tampering. Remove from service if
tampering found.
Tamper‐evident
Sealing Labels
Inspect the sealing labels for scratches,
gouges, cuts and other signs of tampering.
Remove from service if tampering found.
Exhibit 15 ‐ Inspection/Testing of Physical Security Mechanisms (FIPS 140‐2 Table C5)
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Exhibit 16 – Tamper Evident Label Placement
Exhibit 17 – Example of Signs of Tamper
NOTE 3: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd has excluded the following components as per AS01.09:
Items BOM code Applicable to Hardware Versions(s)
Capacitor 2203‐009819 MZWLL1T9HAJQ‐000C9
MZWLL3T8HAJQ‐000C9
MZWLL7T6HMLA‐000C9
MZWLL15THMLA‐000C9
Capacitor 2203‐009821 MZWLL1T9HAJQ‐000C9
MZWLL3T8HAJQ‐000C9
MZWLL7T6HMLA‐000C9
MZWLL15THMLA‐000C9
Inductor 2703‐004649 MZWLL1T9HAJQ‐000C9
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MZWLL3T8HAJQ‐000C9
MZWLL7T6HMLA‐000C9
MZWLL15THMLA‐000C9
NAND Flash K9OMGY8H5A‐C### MZWLL3T8HAJQ‐000C9
NAND Flash K9DVGB8J1M‐E### MZWLL15THMLA‐000C9
Exhibit 18 – Excluded components
The components do not process any CSPs, Plaintext data, or other information that if misused could
lead to compromise.
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8. Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMI/EMC)
The cryptographic module conforms to the EMI/EMC requirements specified by 47 Code of Federal
Regulations, Part 15, Subpart B, Unintentional Radiators, Digital Devices, Class B.
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9. Mitigation of Other Attacks Policy
The cryptographic module has not been designed to mitigate any specific attacks beyond the scope
of FIPS 140‐2.
Other
Attacks
Mitigation
Mechanism
Specific
Limitations
N/A N/A N/A
Exhibit 19 ‐ Mitigation of Other Attacks (FIPS 140‐2 Table C6)
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10.Security rules
The following specifies the security rules under which the cryptographic module shall operate in
accordance with FIPS 140‐2:
• The cryptographic module operates always in FIPS Mode once shipped from the vendor's
manufacturing site.
• The steps necessary for the secure installation, initialization and start‐up of the cryptographic
module as per FIPS 140‐2 VE10.03.01 are as follows:
10.1. Secure Installation
• Step1. User should examine the tamper evidence
- Inspect the entire perimeter for cracks, gouges, lack of screw(s) and other signs of
tampering including the tamper evident sealing label.
- If there is any sign of tampering, do not use the product and contact Samsung.
• Step2. Identify the firmware version in the device
- Confirm that the firmware version is equivalent to the version(s) listed in this document via
NVM express Identify Controller command.
• Step3. Take the drive’s ownership
- Disable Admin SP’s Admin1 authority
- Change SID’s PIN by setting a new PIN
- Activate the Locking SP by using the Activate method.
- Change LockingSP Admin1~4’s PIN by setting a new PIN.
- Configure the Locking Global Range by setting ReadLockEnabled and WriteLockEnabled
columns to True.
- Don’t change LockOnReset column in Locking Table so that the drive always gets locked
after a power cycle
• Step4. Periodically examine the tamper evidence
- If there is any sign of tampering, stop using the product to avoid a potential security
hazard or information leakage.
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10.2. Operational description of Module
• The cryptographic module shall maintain logical separation of data input, data output, control
input, status output, and power.
• The cryptographic module shall not output CSPs in any form.
• The cryptographic module shall use the Approved DRBG for generating all cryptographic keys.
• The cryptographic module shall enforce role‐based authentication for security relevant
services.
• The cryptographic module shall enforce a limited operational environment by the secure
firmware load test using ECDSA P‐224 with SHA‐256.
• The cryptographic module shall provide a production‐grade, opaque, and tamper‐evident
cryptographic boundary.
• The cryptographic module enters the error state upon failure of Self‐tests. All commands from
the Host (General Purpose Computer (GPC) outside the cryptographic boundary) are rejected
in the error state and the cryptographic module returns an Internal Error (SC=0x6, SCT=0x0)
defined in NVMe specification via the status output. Cryptographic services and data output
are explicitly inhibited when in the error state.
• The cryptographic module satisfies the requirements of FIPS 140‐2 IG A.9 (i.e. key_1 ≠ key_2)
• The module generates at a minimum 256 bits of entropy for use in key generation.
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10.3. Power‐on Self‐Tests
Algorithm Test
AES Encrypt KAT and Decrypt KAT for AES‐256‐XTS at power‐on
SHS KAT for SHA‐256 at power‐on
DRBG
KAT for Hash_DRBG (SHA‐256) at power‐on
SP 800‐90A Section 11.3 Health Tests
ECDSA
KAT for ECDSA P‐224 SHA‐256 signature verification at power‐
on
Exhibit 20 – Power‐on Self‐tests.
• F/W integrity check
- F/W integrity check is performed by using 106‐bit error detection code at power‐on
• Conditional Self‐tests
- Pairwise consistency: N/A
- Bypass Test: N/A
- Manual key entry test: N/A
- F/W load test
: F/W load test is performed by using ECDSA algorithm with P‐224 and SHA‐256
- Continuous random number generator test on Approved DRBG
- Continuous random number generator test on NDRNG