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ID-ONE COSMO V7.0
CLIO Security Target
Lite
For NXP
FQR 110 4774
Issue 2
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© 2009 - Oberthur Technologies. All rights reserved.
The information contained in this publication is accurate to the best of Oberthur
Technologies' knowledge. However, Oberthur Technologies disclaims any liability resulting
from the use of this information and reserves the right to make changes without notice.
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1 PREFACE ............................................................................................................................. 7
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE DOCUMENT..................................................................................... 7
1.2 SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT .............................................................................................. 7
1.3 RELATED DOCUMENTS...................................................................................................... 7
1.4 ABBREVIATIONS AND NOTATIONS ................................................................................... 8
1.4.1 Abbreviations.................................................................................................................. 8
1.4.2 Notations ........................................................................................................................ 9
2 SECURITY TARGET INTRODUCTION.............................................................................. 11
2.1 ST REFERENCE (FOR COMPLETE VERSION)......................................................................... 11
2.2 TOE REFERENCE .............................................................................................................. 11
3 TOE OVERVIEW................................................................................................................. 13
3.1 TOE TYPE........................................................................................................................... 13
3.2 MAJOR SECURITY FEATURE OF THE TOE..................................................................... 15
3.3 NON-TOE HW/SW/FW AVAILABLE TO THE TOE ............................................................. 19
3.4 TOE USAGE........................................................................................................................ 19
3.5 TOE LIFE CYCLE................................................................................................................ 20
3.5.1 Card life cycle transitions ............................................................................................. 23
3.5.2 BIOS life cycle.............................................................................................................. 24
3.5.3 Resident Application life cycle...................................................................................... 24
3.5.4 LOAD FILE AND APPLET LIFE CYCLE...................................................................... 24
3.5.5 Load File life cycle........................................................................................................ 25
3.5.6 Applet Life cycle ........................................................................................................... 25
3.5.7 Delegated Management............................................................................................... 26
3.5.7.1 Delegated Loading ............................................................................................................. 26
3.5.7.2 Delegated Installation ........................................................................................................ 27
3.5.7.3 Delegated Extradition......................................................................................................... 27
3.5.8 TOE ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................. 27
3.5.8.1 Software development (phase 1) ..................................................................................... 28
3.5.8.2 Hardware development & IC manufacturing (phase 2 & 3).......................................... 28
4 CONFORMANCE CLAIM ................................................................................................... 29
4.1 CONFORMANCE CLAIM TO CC ........................................................................................ 29
4.2 CONFORMANCE CLAIM TO A PP ..................................................................................... 29
4.3 CONFORMANCE CLAIM RATIONALE............................................................................... 29
5 SECURITY PROBLEM DEFINITION.................................................................................. 31
5.1 ASSETS................................................................................................................................. 31
5.1.1 User Data ..................................................................................................................... 31
5.1.2 TSF Data...................................................................................................................... 31
5.2 USERS .................................................................................................................................. 33
5.3 THREATS............................................................................................................................... 34
5.3.1 PHYSICAL THREAT .................................................................................................... 34
5.3.2 CONFIDENTIALITY ..................................................................................................... 34
5.3.3 INTEGRITY .................................................................................................................. 35
5.3.4 IDENTITY USURPATION ............................................................................................ 36
5.3.5 UNAUTHORIZED EXECUTION................................................................................... 37
5.3.6 DENIAL OF SERVICE ................................................................................................. 38
5.3.7 MODIFICATIONS OF THE SET OF APPLICATIONS................................................. 38
5.3.8 CARD MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................ 38
5.3.9 SERVICES ................................................................................................................... 39
5.3.10 CONFIGURATION OF THE TOE ................................................................................ 39
5.4 ORGANISATIONAL SECURITY POLICIES..................................................................................... 39
5.5 ASSUMPTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 40
6 SECURITY OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................. 41
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6.1 SECURITY OBJECTIVES FOR THE TOE..................................................................................... 41
6.1.1 IDENTIFICATION......................................................................................................... 41
6.1.2 EXECUTION ................................................................................................................ 41
6.1.3 APPLET MANAGEMENT............................................................................................. 42
6.1.4 OBJECT DELETION .................................................................................................... 43
6.1.5 SERVICES ................................................................................................................... 43
6.1.6 Miscellaneous............................................................................................................... 44
6.1.7 Conclusion.................................................................................................................... 45
6.2 SECURITY OBJECTIVES FOR THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT.................................................. 46
7 EXTENDED REQUIREMENTS........................................................................................... 47
7.1 EXTENDED FAMILIES .............................................................................................................. 47
7.1.1 Extended family FCS_RNG - Generation of random numbers.................................... 47
7.1.1.1 Description........................................................................................................................... 47
7.1.1.2 Extended components ....................................................................................................... 47
8 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................ 48
8.1 SECURITY FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................. 48
8.1.1 CoreG Security Functional Requirements ................................................................... 48
8.1.1.1 Firewall Policy ..................................................................................................................... 48
8.1.1.2 Application Programming Interface.................................................................................. 50
8.1.1.3 Card Security Management .............................................................................................. 54
8.1.1.4 AID Management................................................................................................................ 57
8.1.2 ADELG Security Functional Requirements.................................................................. 58
8.1.2.1 Applet Deletion Manager Policy ....................................................................................... 58
8.1.2.2 Additional Deletion Requirements.................................................................................... 62
8.1.3 LCG Security Functional Requirements....................................................................... 62
8.1.3.1 Firewall Policy ..................................................................................................................... 63
8.1.3.2 Additional Requirements on Logical Channels .............................................................. 67
8.1.4 ODELG Security Functional Requirements ................................................................. 67
8.1.5 SCPG Security Functional Requirements.................................................................... 67
8.1.6 Additional requirements for CM.................................................................................... 69
8.1.7 Resident application..................................................................................................... 72
8.1.8 CarG and CMGR Security Functional Requirements .................................................. 76
8.1.9 InstG Security Functional Requirements ..................................................................... 81
8.1.10 Additional Fonctional Requirements for the applets .................................................... 83
8.1.11 Requirement for the IC................................................................................................. 84
8.2 SECURITY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS................................................................................... 86
9 TOE SUMMARY SPECIFICATION..................................................................................... 88
9.1 TOE SUMMARY SPECIFICATION.............................................................................................. 88
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Liste of figures
Figure 1: Java Platform Architecture ................................................................................................................ 13
Figure 2: Smart Card Product life-cycle ........................................................................................................... 21
Figure 3: GP platform life-cycles ....................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 4: Tools used before delevery applet (compiler, converter, verifier, and loader) ......................... 25
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Liste of tables
Table 1: TOE Reference ................................................................................................................................... 12
Table 2: list of IC references............................................................................................................................. 14
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1 PREFACE
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE DOCUMENT
This Security Target aims to satisfy the requirements of Common Criteria level EAL5 augmented with
AVA_VAN.5, ALC_DVS.2 and ADV_IMP.2 in defining the security enforcing functions of the Target Of
Evaluation and describing the environment in which it operates.
The basis for this composite evaluation is the composite evaluation of Platforme and the hardware.
1.2 SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT
This document describes the Security Target for the V7 card, which is running on a Javacard 2.2.2
virtual machine.
This Security Target covers the development of the V7 platform, which is able to receive and manage
different types of applications (IAS, LDS and ID-One Classic, … ). This card is consistent with the
Java Card 2.2.2 specifications, as well as the GlobalPlatform 2.1.1 specifications.
The objectives of this Security Target are:
• To describe the Target of Evaluation (TOE), its life cycle and to position it in the smart card life
cycle.
• To describe the security environment of the TOE including the assets to be protected and the
threats to be countered by the TOE and by the operational environment during the development
and the platform active phases.
• To describe the security objectives of the TOE and its supporting environment in terms of integrity
and confidentiality of sensitive information of the TOE. It includes protection of the TOE and
associated documentation during development and active life phases.
• To specify the security requirements which include the TOE functional requirements, the TOE
assurance requirements and the security requirements for the environment.
• To describe the summary of the TOE specification including a description of the security functions
and assurance measures that meet the TOE security requirements.
• To present evidence that this ST is a complete and cohesive set of requirements that the TOE
provides on an effective set of IT security countermeasures within the security environment, and
that the TOE summary specification addresses the requirements.
1.3 RELATED DOCUMENTS
[1] "Common Criteria for information Technology Security Evaluation, Part 1: Introduction and
general model", September 2006, Version 3.1 revision 1.
[2] "Common Criteria for information Technology Security Evaluation, Part 2: Security
Functional requirements", September 2007, Version 3.1 revision 2.
[3] "Common Criteria for information Technology Security Evaluation, Part 3: Security
Assurance requirements", September 2007, Version 3.1 revision 2.
[4] PP SUN Java Card™ System Protection Profile Collection Version 1.0b, August 2003
[5] "Java Card 2.2.2 - API" Application Programming Interfaces Version 2.2.2 March, 2006, Sun
Microsystems [JCAPI]
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[6] "Java Card 2.2.2 – JCRE " Runtime Environment Specification Version 2.2.2 March, 2006,
Sun Microsystems. [JCRE]
[7] "Java Card 2.2.2 - Virtual Machine Specifications" Version 2.2.2 March, 2006, Sun
Microsystems [JCVM]
[8] “ GlobalPlatform 2.1.1” Card Specification v2. 1, 01 Mars 2003
[9] “ GlobalPlatform 2.1.1” Card Implementation Requirements- Mars 2003
[10] Card Specification – version 2.1.1-February, Mars 2003
[11] Card Specification – Amendment A- February, 2004
[12] "Identification cards - Integrated Circuit(s) Cards with contacts, Part 6: Interindustry data
elements for interchange", ISO / IEC 7816-6 (2004)
[13] "Digital Signatures using Reversible Public Key Cryptography for the Financial Services
Industry (rDSA)", ANSI X9.31-1998, American Bankers Association,
[14] "FIPS PUB 46-3, Data Encryption Standard", October 25, 1999 (ANSI X3.92), National
Institute of Standards and Technology
[15] "FIPS PUB 81, DES Modes of Operation", April 17, 1995, National Institute of Standards and
Technology
[16] "FIPS PUB 180-2, Secure Hash Standard", August 2002 , National Institute of Standards
and Technology
[17] "FIPS PUB 186-2", January 27, 2000, Digital Signature Standard (DSS) Change Notice 1
[18] "Public Key Cryptography using RSA for the financial services industry", ISO / IEC 9796-1,
annex A, section A.4 and A.5, and annex C (1995)
[19] “Information technology – Security techniques: Data integrity mechanism using a
cryptographic check function employing a block cipher algorithm”, ISO 9797-1 (1999) ,
International Organization for Standardization
[20] “FIPS PUB 140-2, Security requirements for cryptographic modules”, Mars 2002 , National
Institute of Standards and Technology
[21] PKCS#1 The public Key Cryptography standards, RSA Data Security Inc. 1993
[22] Security IC Platform Protection Profile, Version 1.0, reference BSI-PP-0035.(15.06.2007).
[23] P5CD144/P5CN144/P5CC144 V0B- Security Target Lite Rev. 1.0 — 21 March 2007 BSI-
DSZ-CC-0411.
P5CD080/P5CN080/P5CC080/P5CC073V0B Security Target Lite Rev. 1.1 — 9 May 2007
BSI-DSZ-CC-0410
P5CD040/P5CC040/P5CD020/ P5CC021 V0B Security Target Lite Rev. 1.0 — 21 March
2007 BSI-DSZ-CC-0404
1.4 ABBREVIATIONS AND NOTATIONS
1.4.1 Abbreviations
AID Applet Identifier
APDU Application Protocol Data Unit
API Application Programmer Interface
BIOS Basic Input/Output System
CC Common Criteria
CM Card Manager
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CPLC Card Production Life Cycle
DAP Data Authentication Pattern
DES Cryptographic module "Data Encryption Standard"
EAL Evaluation Assurance Level
EEPROM Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory
ES Embedded Software
FAMEX Co-processor for public key crypto calculations
FAT File Allocation Table
IC Integrated Circuit
IT Information Technology
JCP Java Card Platform
JCRE Java Card Runtime Environment
OSP Organizational Security Policy
PP Protection Profile
RNG Random Number Generation
ROM Read Only Memory
RSA Cryptographic module "Rivest, Shamir, Adleman"
SF Security Function
SFP Security Function Policy
SHA-1 Cryptographic module "Secure hash standard"
ST Security Target
TOE Target of Evaluation.
TSC TSF Scope of Control
TSF TOE Security Functions
TSP TOE Security Policy
VM Virtual Machine
GP Visa Open Platform
1.4.2 Notations
Active life/phase period with active security functions and no active code
Applet Application which can be loaded and executed with the environment
of the Java Card platform
Card Issuer Entity that owns the card and is ultimately responsible for the behavior
of the card
Card Manager Main entity which represents the issuer and supervises the whole
services available on the card. The Card Manager entity
encompasses the Open and the Issuer Security domain.
Controlling Authority A Controlling Authority has the privilege to keep the control over the
Card Content through the mandating of DAP Verification
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DAP Part of the Load File used for ensuring authenticity of the Load File.
The DAP is the signature of the Load File Data Block Hash and is
provided during the loading.
Delegated Management Pre-authorized Card Content Management performed by an approved
Application Provider.
Issuer Security Domain The primary on-card entity providing support for the control, security,
and communication requirements of the Card Issuer.
Load File Data Block Hash The Load File Data Block Hash provides integrity of the Load File
Data Block following receipt of the complete Load File Data Block.
OPEN Part of the Card Manager entity which has the responsibilities to
provide an API to applications, command dispatch, Application
selection, logical channel management, and Card Content
management. (Performs the application code loading and related Card
Content management and memory management.) The OPEN also
manages the installation of applications loaded to the card. The OPEN
is responsible for enforcing security principles defined for Card
Content management.
Receipt A cryptographic value provided by the card as proof that a Delegated
Management operation has successfully done.
Security Domain On-card entity providing support for the control, security, and
communication requirements of an off-card entity (e.g. the Card
Issuer, an Application Provider or a Controlling Authority).
Security Domain Authority Security Domain with Mandated Dap verification. This privilege allows
an Authority Body to control all the application loaded on the card.
Security Domain Delegated Security Domain with Delegated Management privilege. This privilege
allows an Application Providers to perform loading, installing or
extraditing application.
Token A cryptographic value provided by a Card Issuer as proof that a
Delegated Management operation has been authorized. This
signature is generated by the Card Issuer and used to provide the
Card Issuer the control over the Card Content operation. The Token is
verified on the card by Card manager.
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2 SECURITY TARGET INTRODUCTION
2.1 ST REFERENCE (for complete version)
Title: CLIO Security Target for NXP
Name: COSMO V7
OCS registration: FQR 110 4635
Version: 3
Authors: Oberthur Technologies
Publication Date: November 2009
2.2 TOE REFERENCE
Chip name ID-One Cosmo
V7.0-n
NXP
Vers
OCS Vers
Mask /
Hardware
Identification
Optional Code
r4.0 Generic
on ID-One
Cosmo V7.0-n
Platform
IC ST LITE CC Certificate
P5CD144 Large Dual 2B FC10 B0 069774 P5CD144/P5CN14
4/P5CC144 V0B-
Security Target
Lite
Rev. 1.0 — 21
March 2007
BSI-DSZ-CC-0411
BSI-DSZ-CC-
0411.
July 2007
P5CC144 Large Contact 29 FC10 C4 069774 P5CD144/P5CN14
4/P5CC144 V0B
Security Target
Lite
Rev. 1.0 — 21
March 2007
BSI-DSZ-CC-
0411
BSI-DSZ-CC-
0411.
July 2007
P5CD080 Standard Dual 28 FC10 BA 069774 P5CD080/P5CN08
0/P5CC080/P5CC
073V0B
Security Target
Lite Rev. 1.1 — 9
May 2007
BSI-DSZ-CC-0410
BSI-DSZ-CC-
0410
July 2007
P5CC080 Standard 26 FC10 C5 069774 P5CD080/P5CN08
0/P5CC080/P5CC
BSI-DSZ-CC-
0410
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073V0B
Security Target
Lite Rev. 1.1 — 9
May 2007
BSI-DSZ-CC-
0410.
July 2007
P5CC073 Standard 16 FC10 C7 069774 P5CD080/P5CN08
0/P5CC080/P5CC
073V0B
Security Target
Lite Rev. 1.1 — 9
May 2007
BSI-DSZ-CC-0410
BSI-DSZ-CC-
0410
July 2007
P5CD040 Basic Dual 25 FC10 C8 069774 P5CD040/P5CC04
0/P5CD020/
P5CC021 V0B
Security Target
Lite Rev. 1.0 — 21
March 2007
BSI-DSZ-CC-0404
BSI-DSZ-CC-
0404
July 2007
P5CC040 Basic 23 FC10 C9 069774 P5CD040/P5CC04
0/P5CD020/
P5CC021 V0B
Security Target
Lite Rev. 1.0 — 21
March 2007
BSI-DSZ-CC-0404
BSI-DSZ-CC-
0404
July 2007
P5CD020
Entry Dual
21 FC10 CA 069774 P5CD040/P5CC04
0/P5CD020/
P5CC021 V0B
Security Target
Lite Rev. 1.0 — 21
March 2007
BSI-DSZ-CC-0404
BSI-DSZ-CC-
0404
July 2007
Table 1: TOE Reference
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3 TOE OVERVIEW
The Smart Card intended to support the TOE is composed of hardware and software components, as
listed below and described in figure 1.
Figure 1: Java Platform Architecture
The TOE includes the BIOS, the Virtual Machine, the APIs, the GlobalPlatform application, the
Resident application and the IC component. Details of components are presented in the TOE
description.
3.1 TOE TYPE
The TOE is ID-One Cosmo V7.0 on NXP family is a contact/dual/usb javacard platform based on NXP
compatible with multi-application ID-One Cosmo product family.
The functional level of the OS will be based on a Java™ based multi-application platform, compliant
with Java Card 2.2.2 and GlobalPlatform 2.1.1 specifications.
CHIP FAMILY INFORMATION
The operating system works on components specified at chapter TOE REFERENCE 2.2. The
differences between can be seen in the name of the Ics :
- Chip ID
- Size of EEPROM
- Contactless interface CC for contact only and CD for Dual Interface
The TOE is composite with NXP Chips.
APPLETS Provider
API
JavaCard
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
Card
Manufacturer
Resident
application
Virtual Machine GP API
CM
OP API
G
P
P
L
A
T
F
O
R
M
BIOS
APPLETS
Card
Issuer
SD
SD
Applet
Provider
Applet
Provider
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The table below presents all the chips loading OT platform and for each the reference of certificate
and its security guidance:
Chip name Certificats CC Security guidance
P5CD144 VOB BSI-DSZ-CC-0411-2007-MA-03 Ref: 129917 Ver: 1.7 Rel:02/25/2008
P5CC144 VOB BSI-DSZ-CC-0411-2007-MA-03 Ref: 129917 Ver: 1.7 Rel:02/25/2008
P5CD080 VOB BSI-DSZ-CC-0410-2007-MA-04
Maintenancereport (29.07.2008)
Ref: 129917 Ver: 1.7 Rel:02/25/2008
P5CC080 V0B BSI-DSZ-CC-0410-2007-MA-04
Maintenancereport (29.07.2008)
Ref: 129917 Ver: 1.7 Rel:02/25/2008
P5CC073 VOB BSI-DSZ-CC-0410-2007-MA-04
Maintenancereport (29.07.2008)
Ref: 129917 Ver: 1.7 Rel:02/25/2008
P5CD040 V0B BSI-DSZ-CC-0404-2007-MA-04
Maintenancereport (23.07.2008)
Ref: 129917 Ver: 1.7 Rel:02/25/2008
P5CC040 V0B
BSI-DSZ-CC-0404-2007-MA-04
Maintenancereport (23.07.2008)
Ref: 129917 Ver: 1.7 Rel:02/25/2008
P5CD020 V0B
BSI-DSZ-CC-0404-2007-MA-04
Maintenancereport (23.07.2008)
Ref: 129917 Ver: 1.7 Rel:02/25/2008
Table 2: list of IC references
BIOS
The BIOS is an interface between hardware and native components like VM and APIs.
The BIOS implements the following functionalities:
• APDU management ("T=0", "T=1" protocols)
• Timer management,
• Exceptions management,
• Transaction management,
• EEPROM access,
Cryptographic features

 SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512

 DES, 3DES (56/112/168 bits)

 AES 128/192/256 bits

 RSA ANSI X9.31 2048 bits + Key Generator (secured)

 RSA SFM (Standard)

 RNG

 ECDSA GF(p)

 ECDH GF(p)

 ECKeyP Generator
Virtual Machine
The Virtual Machine, which is compliant with the JAVACARD 2.2.2 standard, interprets the byte code
of JAVACARD applets.
The Virtual Machine supports logical channels; this means that it allows an applet to be selected on a
channel, while a different applet is selected on another channel.
It also supports secure execution of applets loaded and stored in ROM.
The Virtual Machine is activated upon the selection of an applet.
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The Java Card Runtime Environment
The Java Card Runtime Environment (JCRE) contains the Java Card Virtual Machine (VM), the Java
Card Application Programming Interface (API) classes and industry-specific extensions, and support
services. For details please refer to reference [6].
APIs
The APIs, compliant with the JAVACARD 2.2.2 standard, support key generation, Key Agreement,
signature, ciphering of messages and proprietary OCS API.
Open Platform
The "GlobalPlatform 2.1.1 configuration full GP", which consists of the Card Manager, the API
OPSystem and the API GPSystem is implemented in Java and its byte-code is stored in ROM.
Resident Application
It provides a native code application, with a basic main dispatcher, to receive the card commands and
dispatch them to the application and module functions to implement the application commands.
It also deals with the Card Manufacturer authentication and logical channels management.
The dispatcher is always activated. Some card commands (for administration) are only available
during prepersonalization phase.
3.2 MAJOR SECURITY FEATURE OF THE TOE
The main goal of the TOE is to provide a sound and secure execution environment to critical assets
that need to be protected against unauthorized disclosure and/or modification.
The TOE with its security function have to protect itself and protect applets from bypassing, abuse or
tampering of its services that could compromise the security of all sensitive data.
The major features are listed in below:
Secure execution and no passability
The TOE with the Firewall shall control information flow at runtime. It shall ensure controls object
sharing between different applet instances, and between applet instances and the Java Card RE.
Data coherency
As coherency of data should be maintained, and as power is provided by the CAD and might be
stopped at all moment (by tearing or attacks), a transaction mechanism need to be implemented.
When updating data, before writing the new ones, the old ones are saved in a specific memory
area. If a failure appears, at the next start-up, if old data are valid in the transaction area, the
system restores them for staying in a coherent state.
Exception
In case of abnormal event: data unavailable on an allocation or illegal access to a data, the system
shall own an internal mechanism allowing it to stop the code execution and raise an exception.
Card Content Management
The TOE shall control the loading, installation, and deletion of packages and applet instances.
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To remove the code of a package from the card, or to definitely deactivate an applet instance, so
that it becomes no longer selectable; it shall perform physical removal of those packages and
applet data stored in memories (except applet in ROM memory that shall only be logically
removed).
Card Management Environment
This function shall initialize and manage the internal data structure of the Card Manager. During the
initialization phase of the card, it creates the Installer and the Applet Deletion Manager and
initializes their internal data structures. The internal data structure of the Card Manager includes
the Package and Applet Registries, which respectively contains the currently loaded packages and
the currently installed applet instances, together with their associated AIDs.
This function shall also be in charge of dispatching the APDU commands to the applet instances
installed on the card and keeping trace of the currently active ones.
It therefore handles sensitive TSF data of other security functions, like the Firewall or the Remote
Access Control function.
Signature
This TSF shall provide the applet instances with a mechanism for generating an electronic
signature of the contents of a byte array and verifying an electronic signature contained in a byte
array.
An electronic signature is made of a hash value of the information to be signed, encrypted with a
secret key. The verification of the electronic signature includes decrypting the hash value and
checking that it actually corresponds to the block of signed bytes. Signature operations shall be
implemented to resist environmental stress and glitches and include measures for preventing
information leakage through covert channels.
Encryption and Decryption
The TOE provides the applet instances with a mechanism for encrypting and decrypting the
contents of a byte array.
Ciphering operations are implemented to resist environmental stress and glitches and include
measures for preventing information leakage through covert channels.
Message Digest Generation
Message digest generation shall be implemented to resist environmental stress and glitches and
include measures for preventing information leakage through covert channels.
The TOE shall provide the applet instances with a mechanism for generating an (almost) unique
value for the contents of a byte array. This value can be used as a short representative of the
information contained in the whole byte array.
For Hashing algorithms that do not pad the messages, the TSF checks that the information is block
aligned before computing its hash value.
Random Number Generation
This TOE provides the card manager, the resident application and the applets a mechanism for
generating challenges and key values.
The Number Generator is a combination of hardware and software RNG. It shall be compliant to
ANSI X9.31 standard.
Data integrity
Sensitive data have to be protected from modifications: keys, pins, patch code and sensitive applet
data.
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Clearing of sensitive information:
The TOE shall ensure that no residual information is available from memories, and shall protect
sensitive information that is no longer used. The Platform has to securel clear and destroy this
information. It concerns Pins, keys, sensitive data, bufferAPDU.
This function is also available to applet.
Unobservability
The TOE shall use and manipulate sensitive information without revealing any element of this
information.
Atomic Transactions
The TOE shall provide a transaction mechanism. It shall execute a sequence of modifications and
allocations on the persistent memory so that either all of them are completed, or the TOE behaves
as if none of them had been attempted.
The transaction mechanism shall permit to update internal TSF data as well as to perform different
functions of the TOE, like installing a new package on the card.
This mechanism shall be available for applet instances
The TOE shall perform the necessary actions to roll back to a safe state upon interruption.
Key Generation
The TOE shall enforce the creation and the on card generation of all the cryptographic keys of the
card using a specific method.
Key Distribution
The TOE shall enforce the distribution of all the cryptographic keys of the card using a specific
method.
Cardholder Verification
The TOE shall implement mechanisms to identify and authenticate the user of the product. This
function is available to applet instances.
DAP Verification
An Application Provider may require that its Application code to be loaded on the card shall be
checked for integrity and authenticity. The DAP Verification privilege of the Application Provider's
Security Domain shall provide this service on behalf of the Application Provider. A Controlling
Authority may require that all Application code to be loaded onto the card shall be checked for
integrity and authenticity. The Mandated DAP Verification privilege of the Controlling Authority's
Security Domain shall provide this service on behalf of the Controlling Authority.
Token
The TOE shall ensure the validity of a card content management command when this command is
issued to a Security Domain with Delegated Management privilege.
Manufacturer Authentication
During prepersonalization phase, manufacturer authentication at the beginning of a communication
session shall be mandatory prior to any relevant data being transferred to the TOE.
Resident Application dispatcher
During prepersonalization phase, this function shall verify for every command if manufacturer
authentication is required.
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GP_Dispatcher
While a Security Domain or Card Manager is selected, the TOE shall test for every command if
Security Domain Owner authentication is required. If a secure channel is opened, the TOE tests
according to the Security Domain state and the Card state for every command if secure messaging
is required.
Entity authentication/secure Channel
Off-card entity authentication is achieved through the process of initiating a Secure Channel and
provides assurance to the card that it is communicating with an authenticated off-card entity.
If any step in the off-card authentication process fails, the process shall be restarted (i.e. new
session keys generated).
The Secure Channel initiation and off-card entity authentication implies the creation of session keys
derived from card static key(s).
Key management
The TOE shall manage key set: Loading keys, adding a new key set (version and value of the key)
or updating a key set (update key value).
Key Access
The TOE shall enforce secure access to all cryptographic keys on the card: RSA keys, DES keys,
EC keys, AES keys
Key Agreement
The TOE shall provide to applet instances a mechanism for supporting key agreement algorithms
such as Diffie-Hellman and EC Diffie-Hellman [IEEE P1363].
Pre-personalization
This function shall permit to pre-initialize the internal data structures, to load the configuration of the
card and to load patch code if needed.
The TOE shall allow loading of TOE sensitive data: configuration data. Configuration data can
contain patches. The TOE shall check the integrity of the incoming data. Unless stated otherwise,
the origin of the incoming data shall be ensured by organisational means. The TOE shall ensure
that TOE code and patches installed after delivery cannot be bypassed. The loading functionality
of patches shall be disabled before entering the final usage phase. The TOE identification shall
take into account the patches installed after delivery.
Secure Boot at power-up
The TOE shall boot after the IC has successfully powered-up. The TOE boot operations shall ensure
the correct initialization of the TOE functionalities and the integrity of the code and data.
Security Monitor
The TOE shall monitor IC detectors (e.g. out-of-range voltage, temperature, frequency, active shield,
memory aging) and shall provide automatic answers to potential security violations through
interruption routines that leave the device in a secure state.
The TOE with the IC has detectors of operational conditions. It shall resist to attackers with high-attack
potential according to [JIL] characterisation, in particular, to leakage attacks, intrusive (e.g. probing,
fault injection) and non-intrusive (e.g. SPA, DPA, EMA) attacks, operational conditions manipulation
(voltage, clock, temperature, etc) and physical attacks aiming at modification of the IC content or
behaviour.
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To be conformant to related SUN PP [4], the off-card verifier is mandatory in this ST; however, this
TOE runs some additional verification at execution time.
These verifications ensure that:
(1) no read accesses are made to Java Card System code, data belonging to another application, data
belonging to the Java Card System,
(2) no write accesses are made to another application’s code, Java Card System code, another
application’s data Java Card System or API data,
(3) no execution of code is done from a method or from a method fragment belonging to another
package (including execution on arbitrary data).
3.3 NON-TOE HW/SW/FW AVAILABLE TO THE TOE
The only non-TOE component required on the product is the bytecode verifier. The bytecode verifier
is a program that performs static checks on the bytecodes of the methods of a CAP file.
Bytecode verification is a key component of security: applet isolation, for instance, depends on the file
satisfying the properties a verifier checks to hold. A method of a CAP file that has been verified shall
not contain, for instance, an instruction that allows forging a memory address or an instruction that
makes improper use of a return address as if it were an object reference. In other words, bytecodes
are verified to hold up to the intended use to which they are defined. This TOE considers static
bytecode verification; it has to be performed on the host at off-card verification and prior to the
installation of the file on the card in any case.
3.4 TOE USAGE
Smart cards are mainly used as data carriers that are secure against forgery and tampering. More
recent uses also propose them as personal, highly reliable, small size devices capable of replacing
paper transactions by electronic data processing. Data processing is performed by a piece of software
embedded in the smart card chip, usually called an application.
The Java Card System is intended to transform a smart card into a platform capable of executing
applications written in a subset of the Java programming language. The intended use of a Java Card
platform is to provide a framework for implementing IC independent applications conceived to safely
coexist and interact with other applications into a single smart card.
Applications installed on a Java Card platform can be selected for execution when the card is inserted
into a card reader. In some configurations of the TOE, the card reader may also be used to enlarge or
restrict the set of applications that can be executed on the Java Card platform according to a well
defined card management policy.
Notice that these applications may contain other confidentiality (or integrity) sensitive data than usual
cryptographic keys and PINs; for instance, passwords or pass-phrases are as confidential as the PIN,
and the balance of an electronic purse is highly sensitive with regard to arbitrary modification (because
it represents real money).
This Platform is an open and multi application platform intended to propose security requirements for
applications with critical assets, in particular:
- Banking and finance credit / debit smartcards, electronic purse (stored value cards) and electronic
commerce, loyalties,
- Network based transaction processing such as mobile phones (GSM SIM cards), pay-TV (subscriber
and pay-per-view cards), communication highways (Internet access and transaction processing),
- Transport and ticketing market (access control cards),
- Governmental cards (electronic passports, ID-cards, health-cards, driver license, etc.),
- Multimedia commerce and Intellectual Property Rights protection.
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These applications can be loaded at some specific states of the TOE lifecycle defined in the next
paragraphs.
3.5 TOE LIFE CYCLE
The GP platform life-cycle (see Figure 3) is included into the Smart Card Product life-cycle, which is
decomposed into 7 phases, according to the Smart Card Integrated Circuit Protection Profile
(PP/9806), as described in figure below.
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Figure 2: Smart Card Product life-cycle
Phase 1
Smartcard embedded
software
IC Pre-personalization
requirements
Pre-personalization data IC sensitive information
software, tools
Phase 2
Phase 5
Phase 6
Phase 3
IC Pre-personalization
requirements
IC Design IC Dedicated software
Smartcard IC database
construction
IC Photomask
fabrication
IC Manufacturing
IC Testing and
Prepersonalization
IC Packaging
Smartcard product
Finishing process
Testing
Personalization
Testing
Smartcard product
End-Usage
End of life process
Testing
Phase 7
Phase 4
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Figure 3: GP platform life-cycles
The GlobalPlatform defines life cycle state models to control the functionality and security of the
following components: Card Manager, Security Domains, Global PIN (CVM), Card Registry, Key sets,
Load Files, and Applets. These life cycle models are presented in this section.
M
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BIOS: Initialized
EEPROM
Resident application:
PrePerso
Resident application:
USE
CM: OP_READY
APPLET STEPS
BIOS: Empty
EEPROM
CM: INITIALIZED
CM: SECURED
CM:
CM_LOCKED
CM:
TERMINATED
LOAD FILE: DELETED
Applet: LOCKED
Applet:
SELECTABLE
Applet: DELETED
Step transition
Component transition
Phase 5
Phase 6
Phase 7
Resident application:
BLOCKED
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CM: SECURED
CM: SECURED
Instantiation and Perso of SD With Mandated DAP SD Mandated DAP
: PERSONALIZED
CM: PRE_PROD.
Applet: Specific States
Applet:
INSTALLED
LOAD FILE:
LOADED
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Card Content Management
Card Content management on a GlobalPlatform card allows Card Content loading, installation, and
removal capabilities. The Open as part of the Card manager entity is responsible for the Card Content
management even if the initial requests (APDU commands) are issued to a Security Domain with the
delegated management privilege.
3.5.1 Card life cycle transitions
The Card Manager is responsible for maintaining the overall security and administration of the card
and its contents. Because the Card Manager plays this supervisory role over the entire card, its life
cycle can be thought of as the life cycle of the card. The card’s life cycle from a GlobalPlatform
perspective only has meaning at the beginning of the Card Manager life cycle.
The Card Manager owns and maintains the card life cycle state information and manages the
requested state transitions in response to APDU commands. The end of the Card Manager life cycle is
considered to be equivalent to the end of the card’s life cycle.
Pre_production (phase 5)
This life state is the initial life state of the Card Manager applet, just after it has been installed.
During this life cycle state, initialization key and card and chip CPLC have to be loaded before
switching to OP_READY life state.
OP_READY (phase 5)
During this life cycle state, all the basic functionalities of the runtime environment are available and the
Card Manager is ready to receive, execute and respond to APDU commands.
The card is assumed to have the following functionalites in the OP_READY state:
• The runtime environment is ready for execution.
• An Initialization key is available within the Card Manager.
• Card Content Management operations are supported.
INITIALIZED (phase 5)
The card life cycle state INITIALIZED is an administrative card production state. Most of the
personalization of the Card Manager is performed when entering in this state. Card Content
Management is possible in this state.
SECURED (phase 6)
The Card life cycle state SECURED is the normal operating life cycle state of the card after issuance.
This state is the indicator for the Card Manager to enforce the Card Issuer’s security policies related to
post-issuance card behavior such as applet loading and activation.
The card is assumed to have the following functionality in the state SECURED:
• The Card Manager contains all necessary key sets and security elements for full functionality.
• Card Issuer initiated card content changes can be carried out through the Card Manager.
• Post-issuance personalization of applets belonging to the Card Issuer can be carried out via the
Card Manager.
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• Card Content Management operations are supported
CM_LOCKED
The state CM_LOCKED is used to instruct the Card Manager to temporarily disable all applets on the
card except for the Card Manager. This state is created to give the Card Issuer the ability to
temporarily disable functionality of the card on detection of security threats (either internal or external
to the card).
Setting the Card Manager to this state implies that the card will no longer work, except via the Card
Manager which is controlled by the Card Issuer.
TERMINATED
The Card Manager is set to the life cycle state TERMINATED to permanently disable all card
functionalities including the functionality of the Card Manager itself. This state is created as a
mechanism for the Card Issuer to logically ‘destroy’ the card for such reasons as the detection of a
severe security threat or upon expiration of the card.
The Card Manager state TERMINATED is irreversible and signals the end of the card’s life cycle.
Only GET Data (CPLC) command is available.
3.5.2 BIOS life cycle
Empty EEPROM: When the chip is delivered by the IC manufacturer, the EEPROM is empty except
for the Manufacturer Transport key (MSK).
Initialized EEPROM: On the first Power-On, the BIOS initializes its data: the ATR files, the default
applet reference, the FAT.
3.5.3 Resident Application life cycle
PP: Prepersonalization state, the set of commands of the resident application
(EXTERNAL_AUTHENTICATE, GET_CHALLENGE, GET_DATA, INSTALL, LOAD_APPLET,
LOAD_STRUCTURE, LOAD_SECURE, MANAGE_CHANNEL) is active.
USE: the set of commands of the resident application (SELECT, MANAGE_CHANNEL, and
GET_DATA only if no applet is selected) is active.
LOCKED / BLOCKED: All the commands of the resident application are inactive.
3.5.4 LOAD FILE AND APPLET LIFE CYCLE
The delivery of an applet must satisfy a process (described in Figure 4) using the following tools:
compiler, converter, verifier, and loader.
As the verifier is mandatory, a Security Domain with Mandated DAP privilege is instantiated. This
privilege enables integrity and authenticity verification during the package loading process.
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Applet development process
Figure 4: Tools used before delevery applet (compiler, converter, verifier, and loader)
3.5.5 Load File life cycle
LOADED: The Card Manager considers all Load Files which are present in the card and available for
use either from immutable persistent memory or mutable persistent memory to be at the state
LOADED.
3.5.6 Applet Life cycle
The Applet life cycle begins when an applet is installed in the card. This installation may occur directly
during a loading transaction or alternatively from a Load File which is present on the card. Applications
can be INSTALLED, SELECTABLE or LOCKED
In addition to these Application Life Cycle States, the Application may define its own Application
dependent states. Once the Application reaches the SELECTABLE state, it is responsible for
managing the next steps of its own Life Cycle. It may use any Application specific states as long as
these do not conflict with the states already defined by GlobalPlatform. The OPEN may not perform
these transitions without instruction from the Application and the Application is responsible for defining
state transitions and ensuring that these transitioning rules are respected.
Application Life Cycle State INSTALLED
The INSTALLED state means that the Application executable code has been properly linked and that
any necessary memory allocation has taken place. The Application becomes an entry in the
GlobalPlatform Registry and this entry is accessible to authenticated off-card entities. The Application
App.java
Java source code
App.class
Compiler
App.cap
App.exp
Converter
Converter
App.cap
+ DAPs
Verifier*
Load File
Loader
Loader
Oberthur
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is not yet selectable. The installation process is not intended to incorporate personalization of the
Application, which may occur as a separate step.
Application Life Cycle State SELECTABLE
The SELECTABLE state implies that the applet is able to receive commands from off-card entities.
The state transition from INSTALLED to SELECTABLE is irreversible. The Application shall be
properly installed and functional before it may be set to the SELECTABLE state. The transition to
SELECTABLE may be combined with the Application installation process. The behaviour of the
Application in the SELECTABLE state is beyond the scope of this Specification.
Application Life Cycle State LOCKED
The OPEN or the off-card entity authenticated by the Issuer Security Domain uses the state LOCKED
as a security management control to prevent the selection, and therefore the execution, of the
Application. If the OPEN detects a threat from within the card and determines that the threat is
associated to a particular Application, this Application may be prevented from further selection by the
OPEN setting its state to LOCKED. Alternatively, the off-card entity authenticated by the Issuer
Security Domain may determine that a particular Application on the card needs to be locked for a
business or security reason and may initiate the Application Life Cycle transition via the OPEN. Once
the state is LOCKED, only the Issuer Security Domain is allowed to unlock the Application. The OPEN
shall ensure that the Application Life Cycle returns to its previous state.
Application Deletion
At any point in the Application Life Cycle, the OPEN may receive a request to delete an Application.
The space previously used to store a physically deleted Application is reclaimed and may be reused.
The entry within the GlobalPlatform Registry is also removed, and the OPEN is not required to
maintain a record of the deleted Application's previous existence.
Application Specific Life Cycle States
These states are Application specific. The behaviour of the Application during these states is
determined by the Application itself and is beyond the s e of this Specification. The OPEN does not
enforce any control on Application specific Life Cycle State transitions.
3.5.7 Delegated Management
The concept of Delegated Management allows the Card Issuer to empower partnered Application
Providers with the ability to initiate approved and pre-authorized Card Content management
operations (loading, installing or extraditing). This approval, which is fondamental to the concept of
Delegated Management, ensures that only Card Content Management operations that have been
previously authorized by the Card Issuer will be accepted and processed by the card. This delegation
of control on the Card Content changes gives the Application Provider more flexibility in managing its
Applications.
3.5.7.1 Delegated Loading
Delegated loading allows an Application Provider to establish a Secure Channel to transfer Load Files
directly to its Security Domain.
The Load Token allows the Card via the Card Manager verification, to ensure that the Card Issuer
authorized the load process and the loading of the content of the Load File Data Block.
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The Load Token implies that the Card Issuer pre-authorized the data required for the delegated load
process. The pre-authorized data includes most of the INSTALL [for load] command and the Load File
Data Block Hash. The Load File Data Block Hash links the Token to the actual Load File Data Block.
The response to the last LOAD command identifies the end of the load process. Following the
completion of the load process, a Load Receipt is returned to the Security Domain performing the
Delegated Management operation and is transmitted by the Security Domain to the off-card entity.
The Application Provider may then forward the Load Receipt to the Card Issuer as a proof that the
loading process was successfully performed.
3.5.7.2 Delegated Installation
Delegated Installation allows an Application Provider to establish a Secure Channel to install an
Application from an Executable Load File that is associated to the Application Provider's Security
Domain. The installation process comprises one INSTALL [for install] command processed by the
Security Domain. The Security Domain then forwards the install request to the CardManager for
additional verification and processing.
The Install Token allows the card via the CardManager verification, to ensure that the Card Issuer
authorized the installation process.
The Install Token implies that the Card Issuer pre-authorized the data required for the delegated
installation process. The pre-authorized data includes most of the INSTALL [for install] command. The
response to the INSTALL [for install] command identifies the end of the installation process. Following
the completion of the installation process, an Install Receipt is returned to the Security Domain
performing the Delegated Management operation and is transmitted by the Security Domain to the off-
card entity.
3.5.7.3 Delegated Extradition
Delegated Extradition allows an Application Provider to establish a Secure Channel to extradite one of
its Applications. The extradition may apply at any time during the Application Life Cycle.
The extradition process comprises one INSTALL [for extradition] command processed by the Security
Domain. The Security Domain then forwards the extradition request to the CardManager for additional
verification and processing. The Extradition Token allows the Card via the CardManager verification,
to ensure that the Card Issuer authorized the extradition process.
The Extradition Token implies that the Card Issuer pre-authorized the data required for the delegated
extradition process. The pre-authorized data includes most of the INSTALL [for extradition] command.
The response to the INSTALL [for extradition] command identifies the end of the extradition process.
Following the completion of the extradition process, an Extradition Receipt is returned to the Security
Domain to the off-card entity.
The Application Provider may then forward the Extradition Receipt to the Card Issuer as a proof that
the extradition process was successfully performed. The purpose of the optional Extradition Receipt is
to assist the Card Issuer in keeping its Card Management System synchronized with its card base.
3.5.8 TOE ENVIRONMENT
The TOE environment is defined as follows:
- TOE development environment corresponding to phase 1
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- TOE manufacturing environment corresponding to phase 2 & 3
- End-user environment corresponding to phase 7, where package loading is allowed.
All other phases are out of the scope of the TOE.
3.5.8.1 Software development (phase 1)
This environment is limited to OBERTHUR sites at Nanterre and Bordeaux.
To ensure security, access to development tools and products elements (PC, emulator, card
reader, documentation, source code, etc...) is protected. The protection is based on measures for
prevention and detection of unauthorized access. Two levels of protection are applied:
• Access control to OBERTHUR offices and sensitive areas.
• Access to developpement data through the use of a secure computer system to design,
implement and test software
3.5.8.2 Hardware development & IC manufacturing (phase 2 & 3)
The environment of hardware development and IC manufacturing is limited to NXP sites
The IC development environment is described in [23]
The IC is certified EAL5+ and the IC certificate references are listed in the TOE identification.
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4 CONFORMANCE CLAIM
4.1 CONFORMANCE CLAIM TO CC
This Security Target claims conformance to CC version 3.1 with the following documents:
[1] "Common Criteria for information Technology Security Evaluation, Part 1: Introduction and
general model", September 2006, Version 3.1 revision 1
[2] "Common Criteria for information Technology Security Evaluation, Part 2: Security
Functional requirements", September 2007, Version 3.1 revision 2
[3] "Common Criteria for information Technology Security Evaluation, Part 3: Security
Assurance requirements", September 2007, Version 3.1 revision 2
Conformance is claimed as follows:
Part 1: conformant
Part 2: extended with the FCS_RNG.1. All the other Security requirements have been drawn from
the catalogue of requirements in Part 2
Part 3: conformant EAL5 augmented with ALC_DVS.2, AVA_VAN.5 and ADV_IMP.2 .
4.2 CONFORMANCE CLAIM TO A PP
This security target is conformant to [4] configuration. The configuration chosen is Java Card System
Standard 2.1.1 ++.
It contains: COREG, the Smart card platform, the Installer, the Logical channels Object deletion, the
Applet deletion, the secure carrier and the Card Manager .
4.3 CONFORMANCE CLAIM RATIONALE
The TOE in this ST is conformant to TOE type in the PP. It’s a java card plateforme.
The security problem definition of this ST consistent with Securiy problem definition of the PP as it’s
taken from the [4].
All threats defined in the [4] are present in the ST. Two elements are added but they are not in
contradiction with [4] SPD:
1- T.CONFIGURATION The attacker try to observe or modify configuration information exchanged
between the TOE and its environnment.
The TOE in this phase must protect it self from modification or theft. Even the field is protected by
assurance measures, each operations realised in this phase has to be protected.
This threat is extended to include pre-personalisation and personalization phases of the TOE.
2- T.CONF_DATA_APPLET The attacker tries to observe the operation of comparaison between
two byte array in order to catch confidential information manipulated.
All the objectives of the PP are present in this ST so the statement of security objectives is consistent
with the statement of security objectives in the PP for which conformance is being claimed.
Two objectives are added. They are listed below:
1- O.Resident Application: This objective concerns the resident application it provides a native code
application, with a basic main dispatcher to receive the card commands and dispatch them to the
application and module functions that implement the application commands.
2-O.Secure_Compare: The TOE shall provide the applets a mean to securely compare two byte
arrays.
These objectives aren’t in contradiction with existing ones.
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Security requirement of the PP are definied in this ST, but as the PP is defined with previous Common
Criteria version V2.1, some requirements are adapted to CC version 3.1.
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5 Security problem definition
5.1 Assets
Assets are security-relevant elements to be directly protected by the TOE. Confidentiality of assets is
always intended with respect to untrusted people or software, as various parties are involved during
the first stages; details are given in threats hereafter.
Assets may overlap, in the sense that distinct assets may refer (partially or wholly) to the same piece
of information or data. For example, "a piece of software" may be either source code (one asset) or
compiled code (another asset), and may exist in various formats (digital supports, printed paper) at
different stages of its development. This separation is motivated by the fact that a threat may concern
one form at one stage, but be meaningless for another form at another stage.
The assets to be protected by the TOE are listed below. They are grouped according to whether it is
data created by and for the user (User data) or data created by and for the TOE (TSF data). The kind
of dangers that weigh on each asset is specified.
5.1.1 User Data
D.APP_CODE
The code of the applets and libraries loaded on the card.
To be protected from unauthorized modification.
D.APP_C_DATA
Confidential sensitive data of the applications, like the data contained in an object, the static field of
a package, a local variable of the currently executed method, or a position of the operand stack.
To be protected from unauthorized disclosure.
D.APP_I_DATA
Integrity sensitive data of the applications, like the data contained in an object, the static field of a
package, a local variable of the currently executed method, or a position of the operand stack.
To be protected from unauthorized modification.
D.PIN
Any end-user's PIN and GlobalPIN.
To be protected from unauthorized disclosure and modification.
D.APP_KEYs
Cryptographic keys owned by the applets.
To be protected from unauthorized disclosure and modification.
5.1.2 TSF Data
D.JCS_CODE
The code of the Java Card System.
To be protected from unauthorized disclosure and modification.
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D.JCS_DATA
The internal runtime data areas necessary for the execution of the JCVM, such as, for instance, the
frame stack, the program counter, the class of an object, the length allocated to an array or any
pointer used to chain data structures.
To be protected from monopolization and unauthorized disclosure or modification.
D.SEC_DATA
The runtime security data of the JCRE, like, for instance, the AIDs used to identify the installed
applets, the currently selected applet, the current context of execution and the owner of each
object.
To be protected from unauthorized disclosure and modification.
D.API_DATA
Private data of the API, like the contents of its private fields.
To be protected from unauthorized disclosure and modification.
D.JCS_KEYs AS.KEYSET_VERSION and AS.KEYSET_Value
Cryptographic keys used when loading a file into the card.
To be protected from unauthorized disclosure and modification.
D.CRYPTO
Cryptographic data used in runtime cryptographic computations, like a seed used to generate a
key.
To be protected from unauthorized disclosure and modification.
D.CONFIG
The configuration DATA are put at pre-personalization Phase. These elements of configuration
have to be loaded securely.
D.SENSITIVE_DATA
The other sensitive data are grouped in the same D.Sensitive Data. The list is presented below:
• D.NBAUTHENTIC: Number of authentications. This number is specified in the SFR.
• D.NB_REMAINTRYOWN: Number of remaining tries for owner Pin. This number is
specified in the SFR.
• D.NB_REMAINTRYGLB: Number of remaining tries for global Pin. This number is
specified in the SFR.
• D.AUDITLOG: Audit log file
• ASG.CARDREG: Card Registry {AS.APID: Applet Identifier (AID), AS.CMID: Card
Manager ID (AID)}
• ASG.APPPRIV: Applet privileges group {Card Manager lock privilege,
Card terminate privilege, Default selected privilege, PIN Change privilege,
Security Domain privilege, Security Domain with DAP verification privilege, Security
Domain with Mandated DAP verification privilege},
• AS.AUTH_MSK_STATUS: Authentication MSK Status,
• AS.AUTH_CM_STATUS: Authentication CM Status,
• AS.CMLIFECYC: Card life cycle state,
• AS.MSKEY: Transport Key (Manufacturer Secret Key),
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• AS.SECURITY_LEVEL: Security levels of a Secure Channel (Confidentiality, Integrity, or
both).
D.ARRAY
Applets are enabled to store confidential data.
5.2 Users
Subjects are active components of the TOE that (essentially) act on the behalf of users. The users of
the TOE include people or institutions (like the applet developer, the card issuer or the verification
authority), hardware (like the CAD where the card is inserted) and software components (like the
application packages installed on the card). Some of the users may just be aliases for other users. For
instance, the verification authority in charge of the bytecode verification of the applications may be just
an alias for the Card Issuer.
S.PACKAGE
Packages used on the Java Card platform that act on behalf of the applet developer. These
subjects are involved in the FIREWALL security policy and they should be understood as instances
of the subject S.PACKAGE.
S.JCRE
The JCRE, which acts on behalf of the Card Issuer. This subject is involved in several security
policies defined in this document and is always represented by the subject S.JCRE.
S.BCV
The bytecode verifier (BCV), which acts on behalf of the verification authority. This subject is
involved in the PACKAGE LOADING security policy and is represented by the subject S.BCV.
S.CRD
The installer, which acts on behalf of the Card Issuer. This subject is involved in the loading of
packages and installation of applets. It could play the role of the on-card entity in charge of
package loading, which is involved in the PACKAGE LOADING security policy and is represented
by the subject S.CRD.
S.ADEL
The applet deletion manager, if the configuration contains such components, which also acts on
behalf of the Card Issuer. This subject is involved in the ADEL security policy and is represented by
the subject S.ADEL.
S.CAD
The CAD is involved in the JCRMI security policy and is represented by the subject S.CAD.
With the exception of packages, the other subjects have special privileges and play key roles in the
security policies of the TOE.
A special subject is involved in the PACKAGE LOADING security policy, which acts as the entity that
may potentially intercept, modify, or permute the messages exchanged between the verification
authority and the on-card entity in charge of package loading.
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5.3 Threats
This section introduces the threats to the assets against which specific protection within the TOE or its
environment is required. Several groups of threats are distinguished according to the means used in
the attack. The classification is also inspired by the components of the TOE that are supposed to
counter each threat.
5.3.1 PHYSICAL THREAT
T.PHYSICAL
The attacker discloses or modifies the design of the TOE, its sensitive data or application code by
physical (opposed to logical) tampering means. This threat includes IC failure analysis, electrical
probing, unexpected tearing, and DP analysis. That also includes the modification of the runtime
execution of Java Card System or SCP software through alteration of the intended execution order
of (set of) instructions through physical tampering techniques.
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.SCP.7: the IC must be designed in accordance with a
well-defined set of policies and standards (likely specified in another protection profile), and will be
tamper resistant to actually prevent an attacker from extracting or altering security data (like
cryptographic keys) by using commonly employed techniques (physical probing and sophisticated
analysis of the chip). This especially matters to the management (storage and operation) of
cryptographic keys. It also refers to all the security aspects related to confidentiality and integrity of
code and data.
. Directly threatened asset(s): all the identified assets.
5.3.2 CONFIDENTIALITY
T.CONFID-JCS-CODE
The attacker executes an application without authorization to disclose the Java Card System code.
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.CONFID-JCS-CODE: Java Card System code must be
protected against unauthorized disclosure. This concerns logical attacks at runtime in order to gain
a read access to executable code, typically by executing an application that tries to read the
memory area where a piece of Java Card System code is stored.
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.JCS_CODE.
T.CONFID-APPLI-DATA
The attacker executes an application without authorization to disclose data belonging to another
application.
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.CONFID-APPLI-DATA: Application data must be
protected against unauthorized disclosure. This concerns logical attacks at runtime in order to gain
read access to other application's data.
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.APP_C_DATA, D.PIN and D.APP_KEYs.
T.CONFID-JCS-DATA
The attacker executes an application without authorization to disclose data belonging to the Java
Card System.
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.CONFID-JCS-DATA: Java Card System data must be
protected against unauthorized disclosure. This concerns logical attacks at runtime in order to gain
a read access to Java Card System data. Java Card System data includes the data managed by
the Java Card runtime environment, the virtual machine and the internal data of Java Card API
classes as well.
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. Directly threatened asset(s): D.API_DATA, D.SEC_DATA, D.JCS_DATA, D.JCS_KEYs
and D.CRYPTO.
5.3.3 INTEGRITY
T.INTEG-APPLI-CODE
The attacker executes an application to alter (part of) its own or another application's code.
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.INTEG-APPLI-CODE: Application code must be
protected against unauthorized modification. This concerns logical attacks at runtime in order to
gain write access to the memory zone where executable code is stored.
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.APP_CODE
T.INTEG-JCS-CODE
The attacker executes an application to alter (part of) the Java Card System code.
.This threat refers to the security aspect #.INTEG-JCS-CODE: Java Card System code must be
protected against unauthorized modification. This concerns logical attacks at runtime in order to
gain write access to executable code.
.Directly threatened asset(s): D.JCS_CODE.
T.INTEG-APPLI-DATA
The attacker executes an application to alter (part of) another application's data.
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.INTEG-APPLI-DATA: Application data must be
protected against unauthorized modification. This concerns logical attacks at runtime in order to
gain unauthorized write access to application data. If the configuration allows post-issuance
application loading, this threat also concerns the modification of application data contained in a
package in transit to the card. For instance, a package contains the values to be used for initializing
the static fields of the package.
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.APP_I_DATA, D.PIN and D.APP_KEYs.
T.INTEG-JCS-DATA
The attacker executes an application to alter (part of) Java Card System or API data.
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.INTEG-JCS-DATA: Java Card System data must be
protected against unauthorized modification. This concerns logical attacks at runtime in order to
gain write access to Java Card System data. Java Card System data includes the data managed
by the Java Card runtime environment, the virtual machine and the internal data of Java Card API
classes as well.
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.API_DATA, D.SEC_DATA, D.JCS_DATA, D.JCS_KEYs
and D.CRYPTO.
T.INTEG-APPLI-CODE.LOAD
The attacker modifies (part of) its own or another application code when an application package is
transmitted to the card for installation. In this configuration the integrity of a package's code is
covered by the objective O.LOAD. The objective O.CARD-MANAGEMENT contributes to cover the
T.INTEG-APPLICODE.LOAD threat.
T.INTEG-APPLI-DATA.LOAD
The attacker modifies (part of) the initialization data contained in an application package when the
package is transmitted to the card for installation. In this configuration the integrity of a package's
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code is covered by the objective O.LOAD. The objective O.CARD-MANAGEMENT contributes to
cover the T.INTEG-APPLIDATA.LOAD threat.
Other attacks are in general related to one of the above, and aimed at disclosing or modifying on-card
information. Nevertheless, they vary greatly on the employed means and threatened assets, and are
thus covered by quite different objectives in the sequel. That is why a more detailed list is given
hereafter.
Application note:
For conformity with [4], we used T.INTEG-APPLI-DATA.LOAD instead of T.INTEG-APPLI-DATA.2 (in
the PP) And T.INTEG-APPLI-CODE.LOAD instead of T.INTEG-APPLI-CODE.2 (in the PP) In the 2
cases, we replaced ‘2’ by ‘load’, as it concerns integrity of aplication code and data when the package
is transmitted [LOADED] to the card for installation.
5.3.4 IDENTITY USURPATION
T.SID.1
An applet impersonates another application, or even the JCRE, in order to gain illegal access to
some resources of the card or with respect to the end user or the terminal.
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.SID:
o (1) Users and subjects of the TOE must be identified.
o (2) The identity of sensitive users and subjects associated with administrative and
privileged roles must be particularly protected; this concerns the JCRE, the applets
registered on the card, and especially the default applet and the currently selected applet
(and all other active applets in Java Card System 2.2). A change of identity, especially
standing for an administrative role (like an applet impersonating the JCRE), is a severe
violation of the TOE Security Policy (TSP). Selection controls the access to any data
exchange between the TOE and the CAD and therefore, must be protected as well. The
loading of a package or any exchange of data through the APDU buffer (which can be
accessed by any applet) can lead to disclosure of keys, application code or data, and so
on.
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.SEC_DATA (other assets may be jeopardized should this attack
succeed, for instance, if the identity of the JCRE is usurped), D.PIN, D.APP_KEYs and
D.JCS_KEYs.
T.SID.2
The attacker modifies the identity of the privileged roles.
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.SID:
o (1) Users and subjects of the TOE must be identified.
o (2) The identity of sensitive users and subjects associated with administrative and
privileged roles must be particularly protected; this concerns the JCRE, the applets
registered on the card, and especially the default applet and the currently selected applet
(and all other active applets in Java Card System 2.2). A change of identity, especially
standing for an administrative role (like an applet impersonating the JCRE), is a severe
violation of the TOE Security Policy (TSP). Selection controls the access to any data
exchange between the TOE and the CAD and therefore, must be protected as well. The
loading of a package or any exchange of data through the APDU buffer (which can be
accessed by any applet) can lead to disclosure of keys, application code or data, and so
on.
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.SEC_DATA (any other asset may be jeopardized should this
attack succeed, depending on whose identity was forged).
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5.3.5 UNAUTHORIZED EXECUTION
T.EXE-CODE.1
An applet performs an unauthorized execution of a method.
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.EXE-JCS-CODE: Java Card System (byte)code must
be protected against unauthorized execution. Java Card System (byte)code includes any code of
the JCRE or API. This concerns:
o (1) invoking a method outside the scope of the visibility rules provided by the public/private
access modifiers of the Java programming language ([JAVASPEC],§6.6);
o (2) jumping inside a method fragment or interpreting the contents of a data memory area
as if it was executable code. Note that execute access to native code of the Java Card
System and applications is the concern of #.NATIVE.
It also refers to the security aspect #.EXE-APPLI-CODE: Application (byte)code must be protected
against unauthorized execution. This concerns:
o (1) invoking a method outside the scope of the visibility rules provided by the public/private
access modifiers of the Java programming language ([JAVASPEC],§6.6);
o (2) jumping inside a method fragment or interpreting the contents of a data memory area
as if it was executable code;
o (3) unauthorized execution of a remote method from the CAD.
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.APP_CODE.
T.EXE-CODE.2
An applet performs an unauthorized execution of a method fragment or arbitrary data.
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.EXE-JCS-CODE: Java Card System (byte)code must
be protected against unauthorized execution. Java Card System (byte)code includes any code of
the JCRE or API. This concerns:
o (1) invoking a method outside the scope of the visibility rules provided by the public/private
access modifiers of the Java programming language ([JAVASPEC],§6.6);
o (2) jumping inside a method fragment or interpreting the contents of a data memory area
as if it was executable code. Note that execute access to native code of the Java Card
System and applications is the concern of #.NATIVE.
It also refers to the security aspect #.EXE-APPLI-CODE: Application (byte)code must be protected
against unauthorized execution. This concerns:
o (1) invoking a method outside the scope of the visibility rules provided by the public/private
access modifiers of the Java programming language ([JAVASPEC],§6.6);
o (2) jumping inside a method fragment or interpreting the contents of a data memory area
as if it was executable code;
o (3) unauthorized execution of a remote method from the CAD.
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.APP_CODE.
T.NATIVE
An applet executes a native method to bypass a security function such as the firewall.
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.NATIVE: Because the execution of native code is
outside of the TOE Scope Control (TSC), it must be secured so as to not provide ways to bypass
the TSFs. No untrusted native code may reside on the card. Loading of native code, which is as
well outside the TSC, is submitted to the same requirements. Should native software be privileged
in this respect, exceptions to the policies must include a rationale for the new security framework
they introduce.
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.JCS_DATA.
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5.3.6 DENIAL OF SERVICE
T.RESSOURCES
An attacker prevents correct operation of the Java Card System through consumption of some
resources of the card: RAM or NVRAM.
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.JCS_DATA.
5.3.7 MODIFICATIONS OF THE SET OF APPLICATIONS
T.INSTALL
The attacker fraudulently installs post-issuance of an applet on the card. This concerns either the
installation of an unverified applet or an attempt to induce a malfunction in the TOE through the
installation process.
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.INSTALL: Installation of a package or an applet is
secure.
o (1) The TOE must be able to return to a safe and consistent state should the installation fail
or be cancelled (whatever the reasons).
o (2) Installing an application must have no effect on the code and data of already installed
applets. The installation procedure should not be used to bypass the TSFs. In short, it is a
secure atomic operation, and free of harmful effects on the state of the other applets.
o (3) The procedure of loading and installing a package shall ensure its integrity and
authenticity.
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.SEC_DATA (any other asset may be jeopardized should this
attack succeed, depending on the virulence of the installed application).
5.3.8 CARD MANAGEMENT
T.DELETION
The attacker deletes an applet or a package already in use on the card, or uses the deletion
functions to pave the way for further attacks (putting the TOE in an insecure state).
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.DELETION: Deletion of applets must be secure.
o (1) Deletion of installed applets (or packages) should not introduce security holes in the
form of broken references to garbage collected code or data, nor should they alter integrity
or confidentiality of remaining applets. The deletion procedure should not be maliciously
used to bypass the TSFs.
o (2) Erasure, if deemed successful, shall ensure that any data owned by the deleted applet
is no longer accessible (shared objects shall either prevent deletion or be made
inaccessible). A deleted applet cannot be selected or receive APDU commands. Package
deletion shall make the code of the package no longer available for execution.
o (3) Power failure or other failures during the process shall be taken into account in the
implementation so as to preserve the TSPs. This does not mandate, however, the process
to be atomic. For instance, an interrupted deletion may result in the loss of user data, as
long as it does not violate the TSPs.
The deletion procedure and its characteristics (whether deletion is either physical or logical, what
happens if the deleted application was the default applet, the order to be observed on the deletion
steps) are implementation-dependent. The only commitment is that deletion shall not jeopardize
the TOE (or its assets) in case of failure (such as power shortage).
Deletion of a single applet instance and deletion of a whole package are functionally different
operations and may obey different security rules. For instance, specific packages can be declared
to be undeletable (for instance, the Java Card API packages), or the dependency between installed
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packages may forbid the deletion (like a package using super classes or super interfaces declared
in another package).
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.SEC_DATA and D.APP_CODE.
5.3.9 SERVICES
T.OBJ-DELETION
The attacker keeps a reference to a garbage collected object in order to force the TOE to execute
an unavailable method, to make it to crash, or to gain access to a memory containing data that is
now being used by another application.
. This threat refers to the security aspect #.OBJ-DELETION: Deallocation of objects must be
secure.
o (1) It should not introduce security holes in the form of references pointing to memory
zones that are not longer in use, or have been reused for other purposes. Deletion of
collection of objects should not be maliciously used to circumvent the TSFs.
o (2) Erasure, if deemed successful, shall ensure that the deleted class instance is no longer
accessible.
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.APP_C_DATA, D.APP_I_DATA and D.APP_KEYs.
T.CONF_DATA_APPLET
The attacker try to observe the operation of comparaison between two byte array in order to catch
confidential information manipulated.
Sensitive data: D.ARRAY.
5.3.10 CONFIGURATION OF THE TOE
T.CONFIGURATION
T.CONFIGURATION The attacker try to observe or modify configuration information exchanged
between the TOE and its environnment.
The TOE in this phase must protect it self from modification or theft. Even the field is protected by
assurance measures, each operations realised in this phase has to be protected.
. Directly threatened asset(s): D.CONFIG
5.4 Organisational security policies
This section describes the organizational security policies to be enforced with respect to the TOE
environment.
OSP.VERIFICATION
This policy shall ensure the adequacy between the export files used in the verification and those
used for installing the verified file. The policy must also ensure that no modification of the file is
performed in between its verification and the signing by the verification authority.
. This organisational security policy refers to the security aspect #.VERIFICATION: All bytecode
must be verified prior to being executed. Bytecode verification includes:
o (1) how well-formed CAP file is and the verification of the typing constraints on the
bytecode,
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o (2) binary compatibility with installed CAP files and the assurance that the export files used
to check the CAP file correspond to those that will be present on the card when loading
occurs.
5.5 Assumptions
This section introduces the assumptions made on the environment of the TOE for each of the
configurations considered in this document.
A.NATIVE
Those parts of the APIs written in native code as well as any pre-issuance native application on the
card are assumed to be conformant with the TOE so as to ensure that security policies and
objectives described herein are not violated.
. This assumption refers to the security aspect #.NATIVE: Because the execution of native code is
outside of the TOE Scope Control (TSC), it must be secured so as to not provide ways to bypass
the TSFs. No untrusted native code may reside on the card. Loading of native code, which is as
well outside the TSC, is submitted to the same requirements. Should native software be privileged
in this respect, exceptions to the policies must include a rationale for the new security framework
they introduce.
A.VERIFICATION
All the bytecodes are verified at least once, before the loading, before the installation before the
execution, in order to ensure that each bytecode is valid at execution time.
A.APPLET
Applets loaded post-issuance do not contain native methods. The Java Card specification explicitly
"does not include support for native methods" ([JCVM], §3.3) outside the API.
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6 Security objectives
6.1 Security objectives for the TOE
The security obectives presented below are taken from SUN PP [4]. We added O.Resident Application
wich concerns configuration phase of the TOE: prepersonalisation and personalisation.
6.1.1 IDENTIFICATION
O.SID
The TOE shall uniquely identify every subject (applet, or package) before granting him access to
any service.
6.1.2 EXECUTION
O.OPERATE
The TOE must ensure continued correct operation of its security functions.
. This security objective refers to the security aspect #.OPERATE:
o (1) The TOE must ensure continued correct operation of its security functions.
o (2) The TOE must also return to a well-defined valid state before a service request in case
of failure during its operation.
O.RESOURCES
The TOE shall control the availability of resources for the applications.
. This security objective refers to the security aspect #.RESOURCES: The TOE controls the
availability of resources for the applications and enforces quotas and limitations in order to prevent
unauthorized denial of service or malfunction of the TSFs. This concerns both execution (dynamic
memory allocation) and installation (static memory allocation) of applications and packages.
O.FIREWALL
The TOE shall ensure controlled sharing of data containers owned by applets of different
packages, and between applets and the TSFs.
. This security objective refers to the security aspect #.FIREWALL: The Java Card System shall
ensure controlled sharing of class instances, and isolation of their data and code between
packages (that is, controlled execution contexts).
o (1) An applet shall neither read, write nor compare a piece of data belonging to an applet
that is not in the same context, nor execute one of the methods of an applet in another
context without its authorization.
O.NATIVE
The only means that the JCVM shall provide for an application to execute native code is the
invocation of a method of the Java Card API, or any additional API.
. This security objective refers to the security aspect #.NATIVE: Because the execution of native
code is outside of the TOE Scope Control (TSC), it must be secured so as to not provide ways to
bypass the TSFs. No untrusted native code may reside on the card. Loading of native code, which
is as well outside the TSC, is submitted to the same requirements. Should native software be
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privileged in this respect, exceptions to the policies must include a rationale for the new security
framework they introduce.
O.REALLOCATION
The TOE shall ensure that the re-allocation of a memory block for the runtime areas of the JCVM
does not disclose any information that was previously stored in that block.
O.SHRD_VAR_CONFID
The TOE shall ensure that any data container that is shared by all applications is always cleaned
after the execution of an application. Examples of such shared containers are the APDU buffer, the
byte array used for the invocation of the process method of the selected applet, or any public global
variable exported by the API.
O.SHRD_VAR_INTEG
The TOE shall ensure that only the currently selected application may grant write access to a data
memory area that is shared by all applications, like the APDU buffer, the byte array used for the
invocation of the process method of the selected applet, or any public global variable exported by
the API. Even though the memory area is shared by all applications, the TOE shall restrict the
possibility of getting a reference to such memory area to the application that has been selected for
execution. The selected application may decide to temporarily hand over the reference to other
applications at its own risk, but the TOE shall prevent those applications from storing the reference
as part of their persistent states.
6.1.3 APPLET MANAGEMENT
O.INSTALL
The TOE shall ensure that the installation of an applet is safe.
. This security objective refers to the security aspect #.INSTALL: Installation of a package or an
applet is secure.
o (1) The TOE must be able to return to a safe and consistent state should the installation fail
or be cancelled (whatever the reasons).
o (2) Installing an application must have no effect on the code and data of already installed
applets. The installation procedure should not be used to bypass the TSFs. In short, it is a
secure atomic operation, and free of harmful effects on the state of the other applets.
o (3) The procedure of loading and installing a package shall ensure its integrity and
authenticity.
O.LOAD
The TOE shall ensure that the loading of a package into the card is safe.
Application note:
Usurpation of identity resulting from a malicious installation of an applet on the card may also be
the result of perturbing the communication channel linking the CAD and the card. Even if the CAD
is placed in a secure environment, the attacker may try to capture, duplicate, permute or modify the
packages sent to the card. He may also try to send one of its own applications as if it came from
the card issuer. Thus, this objective is intended to ensure the integrity and authenticity of loaded
CAP files.
O.DELETION
The TOE shall ensure that both applet and package deletion are safe.
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. This security objective refers to the security aspect #.DELETION: Deletion of applets must be
secure.
o (1) Deletion of installed applets (or packages) should not introduce security holes in the
form of broken references to garbage collected code or data, nor should they alter integrity
or confidentiality of remaining applets. The deletion procedure should not be maliciously
used to bypass the TSFs.
o (2) Erasure, if deemed successful, shall ensure that any data owned by the deleted applet
is no longer accessible (shared objects shall either prevent deletion or be made
inaccessible). A deleted applet cannot be selected or receive APDU commands. Package
deletion shall make the code of the package no longer available for execution.
o (3) Power failure or other failures during the process shall be taken into account in the
implementation so as to preserve the TSPs. This does not mandate, however, the process
to be atomic. For instance, an interrupted deletion may result in the loss of user data, as
long as it does not violate the TSPs.
The deletion procedure and its characteristics (whether deletion is either physical or logical, what
happens if the deleted application was the default applet, the order to be observed on the deletion
steps) are implementation-dependent. The only commitment is that deletion shall not jeopardize
the TOE (or its assets) in case of failure (such as power shortage).
Deletion of a single applet instance and deletion of a whole package are functionally different
operations and may obey different security rules. For instance, specific packages can be declared
to be undeletable (for instance, the Java Card API packages), or the dependency between installed
packages may forbid the deletion (like a package using super classes or super interfaces declared
in another package).
6.1.4 OBJECT DELETION
O.OBJ-DELETION
The TOE shall ensure the object deletion shall not break references to objects.
. This security objective refers to the security aspect #.OBJ-DELETION: Deallocation of objects
must be secure.
o (1) It should not introduce security holes in the form of references pointing to memory
zones that are not longer in use, or have been reused for other purposes. Deletion of
collection of objects should not be maliciously used to circumvent the TSFs.
o (2) Erasure, if deemed successful, shall ensure that the deleted class instance is no longer
accessible.
6.1.5 SERVICES
O.ALARM
The TOE shall provide appropriate feedback information upon detection of a potential security
violation.
. This security objective refers to the security aspect #.ALARM: The TOE shall provide appropriate
feedback upon detection of a potential security violation. This particularly concerns the type errors
detected by the bytecode verifier, the security exceptions thrown by the JCVM, or any other
security-related event occurring during the execution of a TSF.
O.TRANSACTION
The TOE must provide a means to execute a set of operations atomically.
. This security objective refers to the security aspect #.TRANSACTION: The TOE must provide a
means to execute a set of operations atomically. This mechanism must not endanger the execution
of the user applications. The transaction status at the beginning of an applet session must be
closed (no pending updates).
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O.CIPHER
The TOE shall provide a means to cipher sensitive data for applications in a secure way. In
particular, the TOE must support cryptographic algorithms consistent with cryptographic usage
policies and standards.
. This security objective refers to the security aspect #.CIPHER: The TOE shall provide a means to
the upper layers for ciphering sensitive data, for instance, through a programming interface to low-
level, highly secure cryptographic services. In particular, those services must support cryptographic
algorithms consistent with cryptographic usage policies and standards.
O.PIN-MNGT
The TOE shall provide a means to securely manage PIN objects.
. This security objective refers to the security aspect #.PIN-MNGT: The TOE shall provide a means
to securely manage PIN objects. This includes:
o (1) Atomic update of PIN value and try counter,
o (2) No rollback on the PIN-checking function,
o (3) Keeping the PIN value (once initialized) secret (for instance, no clear-PIN-reading
function),
o (4) Enhanced protection of PIN's security attributes (state, try counter...) in confidentiality
and integrity.
O.KEY-MNGT
The TOE shall provide a means to securely manage cryptographic keys. This concerns the correct
generation, distribution, access and destruction of cryptographic keys.
. This security objective refers to the security aspect #.KEY-MGNT: The TOE shall provide a
means to securely manage cryptographic keys. This includes:
o (1) Keys shall be generated in accordance with specified cryptographic key generation
algorithms and specified cryptographic key sizes,
o (2) Keys must be distributed in accordance with specified cryptographic key distribution
methods,
o (3) Keys must be initialized before being used,
o (4) Keys shall be destroyed in accordance with specified cryptographic key destruction
methods.
O.SECURE_COMPARE
The TOE shall provide to applet a means to securely compare two byte arrays
6.1.6 Miscellaneous
O.SCP.RECOVERY
If there is a loss of power, or if the smart card is withdrawn from the CAD while an operation is in
progress, the SCP must allow the TOE to eventually complete the interrupted operation
successfully, or recover to a consistent and secure state.
. This security objective of the TOE refers to the security aspect #.SCP.1: The smart card platform
must be secure with respect to the TSP. Then after a power loss or sudden card removal prior to
completion of some communication protocol, the SCP will allow the TOE on the next power up to
either complete the interrupted operation or revert to a secure state.
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O.CARD-MANAGEMENT
The card manager is in the scope of the TOE. IT shall control the access to card management
functions such as the installation, update or deletion of applets. It shall also implement the card
issuer's policy on the card.
The card manager is an application with specific rights, which is responsible for the administration
of the smart card. Typically the card manager shall be in charge of the life cycle of the whole card,
as well as that of the installed applications (applets). The card manager should prevent that card
content management (loading, installation, deletion) is carried out, for instance, at invalid states of
the card or by non-authorized actors. It shall also enforce security policies established by the card
issuer.
O.SCP.SUPPORT
The SCP is a part of the TOE, it supports TSFs of the upper layer of the TOE.
. This security objective for the TOE refers to the security aspect #.SCP.2-5:
o (2) It does not allow the TSFs of upper layer to be bypassed or altered and does not allow
access to other low-level functions than those made available by the packages of the API.
That includes the protection of its private data and code (against disclosure or modification)
from the Java Card System.
o (3) It provides secure low-level cryptographic processing to the Java Card System.
o (4) It supports the needs for any update to a single persistent object or class field to be
atomic, and possibly a low-level transaction mechanism.
o (5) It allows the Java Card System to store data in "persistent technology memory" or in
volatile memory, depending on its needs (for instance, transient objects must not be stored
in non-volatile memory). The memory model is structured and allows for low-level control
accesses (segmentation fault detection).
O.SCP.IC
The SCP shall possess IC security features. It is included in the scope of this evaluation by
composition with existing certificate.
. This security objective refers to the security arspect #.SCP.7:
o (7) We finally require that the IC is designed in accordance with a well-defined set of
policies and standards (likely specified in another protection profile), and will be tamper
resistant to actually prevent an attacker from extracting or altering security data (like
cryptographic keys) by using commonly employed techniques (physical probing and
sophisticated analysis of the chip). This especially matters to the management (storage
and operation) of cryptographic keys.
O.Resident Application
This objective concerns resident application. This resident application is in the scope of the TOE.
It provides a native code application, with a basic main dispatcher, to receive the card commands
and dispatch them to the application and module functions to implement the application
commands. It also deals with the Card Manufacturer authentication and logical channels
management. The dispatcher is always activated. Some card commands (for administration) are
only available during prepersonalization phase. It ensures the Personalizer authentication before
allowing operations in writing of the resident application.
6.1.7 Conclusion
Security objectives of PP claimed in this evaluation are not in contradiction: IC and SUN PP [4].
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6.2 Security objectives for the operational environment
This section introduces the security objectives to be achieved by the environment associated to each
TOE configuration.
OE.NATIVE
Those parts of the APIs written in native code as well as any pre-issuance native application on the
card shall be conformant with the TOE so as to ensure that security policies and objectives
described herein are not violated.
. This security objective for the environment refers to the security aspect #.NATIVE: Because the
execution of native code is outside of the TOE Scope Control (TSC), it must be secured so as to
not provide ways to bypass the TSFs. No untrusted native code may reside on the card. Loading of
native code, which is as well outside the TSC, is submitted to the same requirements. Should
native software be privileged in this respect, exceptions to the policies must include a rationale for
the new security framework they introduce.
OE.VERIFICATION
The TOE shall ensure that any bytecode is verified prior to being executed.
. This security objective for the TOE refers to the security aspect #.VERIFICATION: All bytecode
must be verified prior to being executed. Bytecode verification includes:
o (1) how well-formed CAP file is and the verification of the typing constraints on the
bytecode,
o (2) binary compatibility with installed CAP files and the assurance that the export files used
to check the CAP file correspond to those that will be present on the card when loading
occurs.
OE.APPLET
No applet loaded post-issuance shall contain native methods. As already mentioned in §2.1.3 the
card manager is an application with specific rights, which is responsible for the administration of the
smart card. This component will in practice be tightly connected with the TOE, which in turn shall
very likely rely on the card manager for the effective enforcing of some of its security functions.
Typically the card manager shall be in charge of the life cycle of the whole card, as well as that of
the installed applications (applets). The card manager should prevent card content management
(loading, installation, deletion) at invalid states of the card or carried out by non-authorized actors.
It shall also enforce security policies established by the card issuer.
This section introduces the security objectives to be achieved by the environment associated to each
TOE configuration.
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7 Extended requirements
7.1 Extended families
7.1.1 Extended family FCS_RNG - Generation of random numbers
7.1.1.1 Description
See [22] section 5.1.
7.1.1.2 Extended components
Extended component FCS_RNG.1
FCS_RNG.1 Random number generation
FCS_RNG.1.1 The TSF shall provide a [selection: physical, non-physical true, deterministic,
hybrid] random number generator that implements: [assignment: list of security capabilities].
FCS_RNG.1.2 The TSF shall provide random numbers that meet [assignment: a defined
quality metric].
Dependencies: No dependencies.
Application Note: A physical random number generator (RNG) produces the random number by a noise
source based on physical random processes. A non-physical true RNG uses a noise source based on non-
physical random processes like human interaction (key strokes, mouse movement). A deterministic RNG
uses an random seed to produce a pseudorandom output. A hybrid RNG combines the principles of
physical and deterministic RNGs.
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8 Security requirements
8.1 Security functional requirements
8.1.1 CoreG Security Functional Requirements
This group is focused on the main security policy of the Java Card System, known as the firewall. This
policy essentially concerns the security of installed applets, along with a small part that relates to the
installation procedure. The policy focuses on the execution of bytecodes.
8.1.1.1 Firewall Policy
FDP_IFC.1/JCVM Subset information flow control
FDP_IFC.1.1/JCVM The TSF shall enforce the JCVM information flow control SFP on
S.LOCAL, S.MEMBER, I.DATA and OP.PUT(S1,S2,I).
Refinement:
Subjects(*) (prefixed with an "S") and information (prefixed with an "I") covered by this policy are:
Subject/Information Description
S.LOCAL Operand stack of a JCVM frame, or local variable of a JCVM frame
containing an object or an array of references.
S.MEMBER Any object's field, static field or array position.
I.DATA JCVM Reference Data: objectref addresses of temporary JCRE Entry
Point objects and global arrays.
There is a unique operation in this policy:
Operation Description
OP.PUT(S1, S2, I) Transfer a piece of information I from S1 to S2.
(*) Information flow policies control the flow of information between "subjects". This is a purely
terminological choice; those "subjects" can merely be passive containers. They are not to be confused
with the "active entities" of access control policies.
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FDP_IFF.1/JCVM Simple security attributes
FDP_IFF.1.1/JCVM The TSF shall enforce the JCVM information flow control SFP based on
the following types of subject and information security attributes: (1) the currently active
context.
FDP_IFF.1.2/JCVM The TSF shall permit an information flow between a controlled subject and
controlled information via a controlled operation if the following rules hold:
o An operation OP.PUT(S1, S.MEMBER, I) is allowed if and only if the active
context is "JCRE"; other OP.PUT operations are allowed regardless of the
active context's value.
FDP_IFF.1.3/JCVM The TSF shall enforce the none.
FDP_IFF.1.4/JCVM The TSF shall explicitly authorise an information flow based on the following
rules: None.
FDP_IFF.1.5/JCVM The TSF shall explicitly deny an information flow based on the following rules:
none.
FDP_RIP.1/OBJECTS Subset residual information protection
FDP_RIP.1.1/OBJECTS The TSF shall ensure that any previous information content of a resource
is made unavailable upon the allocation of the resource to the following objects: class
instances and arrays.
FMT_MSA.2/JCRE Secure security attributes
FMT_MSA.2.1/JCRE The TSF shall ensure that only secure values are accepted for Active
context.
FMT_MSA.3/FIREWALL Static attribute initialisation
FMT_MSA.3.1/FIREWALL The TSF shall enforce the FIREWALL access control SFP and
the JCVM information flow control SFP to provide restrictive default values for security
attributes that are used to enforce the SFP.
FMT_MSA.3.2/FIREWALL The TSF shall allow the following role(s): none, to specify
alternative initial values to override the default values when an object or information is created.
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FMT_SMR.1/JCRE Security roles
FMT_SMR.1.1/JCRE The TSF shall maintain the roles: the JCRE.
FMT_SMR.1.2/JCRE The TSF shall be able to associate users with roles.
FMT_MSA.1/JCRE Management of security attributes
FMT_MSA.1.1/JCRE The TSF shall enforce the FIREWALL access control SFP and the
JCVM information flow control SFP to restrict the ability to modify the security attributes:
o the active context,
o the SELECTed applet Context
o and the ActiveApplets to the JCRE (S.JCRE).
8.1.1.2 Application Programming Interface
The following SFRs are related to the Java Card API.
The whole set of cryptographic algorithms is generally not implemented because of limited memory
resources and/or limitations due to exportation. Therefore, the following requirement should only apply
to the implemented subset.
FCS_CKM.1/ECKeyP Cryptographic key generation
FCS_CKM.1.1/ECKeyP The TSF shall generate cryptographic keys in accordance with a specified
cryptographic key generation algorithm ECKeyP and specified cryptographic key sizes from 160
to 521 bits that meet the following: IEEE P1363.
Application note:
FCS_CKM.1/ JVCAPI: the TSF generates 3 type of cryptographic keys. All these keys are specified in
JCAPI21: ECKeyP, DES and RSA and specified cryptographic key sizes (defined in the 3
components: /ECKEyP, RSA and DES).
FCS_CKM.3 Cryptographic key access
FCS_CKM.3.1 The TSF shall perform the following types of cryptographic key access in
accordance with a specified cryptographic key access method –see refinements below- that
meets the following:
1. See related document [6], chapter 9.5.
2. See related document [8], chapter 4.3.
3. See related document [5], packages "Javacard.security" and "Javacard.crypto".
Refinement:
Type of cryptographic key access Cryptographic key access methods (or commands) DES The
following commands: PUT_KEY, EXTERNAL AUTHENTICATE, INITIALIZE UPDATE, The
following "ProviderSecurityDomain" key acces methods: decryptVerifyKey, openSecureChannel,
unwrap, verifyExternalAuthenticate The following SecureChannel key acces methods Unwrap,
decryptData, encryptData, resetSecurity The following "APICrypto" key access methods:
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Key.clearKey, DES.getKey, DES.setKey, Signature.init, Signature.update, Signature.sign,
Signature.verify, Cipher.init, Cipher.update, Cipher.doFinal AES The following commands:
PUT_KEY, EXTERNAL AUTHENTICATE, INITIALIZE UPDATE, The following
"ProviderSecurityDomain" key acces methods: decryptVerifyKey, openSecureChannel, unwrap,
verifyExternalAuthenticate The following?SecureChannel? key acces methods Unwrap,
decryptData, encryptData, resetSecurity The following "APICrypto" key access methods:
Key.clearKey, DES.getKey, DES.setKey, Signature.init, Signature.update, Signature.sign,
Signature.verify, Cipher.init, Cipher.update, Cipher.doFinal RSA The following
"ProviderSecurityDomain" key acces methods: DecryptVerifyKey, The following "APICrypto" key
access methods: Key.clearKey, RSAPrivateCRTKey.setP, RSAPrivateCRTKey.setQ,
RSAPrivateCRTKey.setPQ, RSAPrivateCRTKey.setDP1, RSAPrivateCRTKey.setDQ1,
RSAPrivateCRTKey.getP, RSAPrivateCRTKey.getQ, RSAPrivateCRTKey.getPQ,
RSAPrivateCRTKey.getDP1, RSAPrivateCRTKey.getDQ1, RSAPrivateKey.setModulus,
RSAPrivateKey.setExponent, RSAPrivateKey.getModulus, RSAPrivateKey.getExponent,
RSAPublicKey.setModulus, RSAPublicKey.setExponent, RSAPublicKey.getModulus,
RSAPublicKey.getExponent, Signature.init, Signature.update, Signature.sign, Signature.verify,
Cipher.init, Cipher.update, Cipher.doFinal ECkeyP The following "APICrypto" key access methods:
Key.clearKey,
ECPrivateKey.setFieldFP,ECPrivateKey.setA,ECPrivateKey.setB,ECPrivateKey.setG,ECPrivateKe
y.setR, ECPrivateKey.setK,ECPrivateKey.getField, ECPrivateKey.getA, ECPrivateKey.getB,
ECPrivateKey.getG, ECPrivateKey.getR,
ECPrivateKey.getK,ECPrivateKey.setS,ECPrivateKey.getS, ECPublicKey.setFieldFP,
ECPublicKey.setA, ECPublicKey.setB, ECPublicKey.setG, ECPublicKey.setR,ECPublicKey.setK,
ECPublicKey.getField,ECPublicKey.getA,ECPublicKey.getB,ECPublicKey.getG,ECPublicKey.getR,
ECPublicKey.getK,ECPublicKey.setW,ECPublicKey.getW, Signature.init,Signature.update,
Signature.sign, Signature.verify KeyAgreement.init, KeyAgreement.generateSecret
FCS_CKM.4 Cryptographic key destruction
FCS_CKM.4.1 The TSF shall destroy cryptographic keys in accordance with a specified
cryptographic key destruction method The keys are reset in accordance with [JCAPI ] in
class Key with the method clearKey(). Any access to a cleared key attempting to use
it for ciphering or signing shall throw an exception that meets the following: [JCAPI ].
Refinement:
That also prevent the destroyed keys from being referenced.
FCS_COP.1/DES Cryptographic operation
FCS_COP.1.1/DES The TSF shall perform signature, verification of signature, encryption
and decryption in accordance with a specified cryptographic algorithm DES and cryptographic
key sizes of 112 bits or 168 bits (triple-DES), that meet the following: 1. FIPS PUB 46-3
(ANSI X3.92) (see related document [14]), 2. FIPS PUB 81 (see related document
[15]), 3. ISO 9797 (1999), Data integrity mechanism (see related document [19]).
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FDP_RIP.1/APDU Subset residual information protection
FDP_RIP.1.1/APDU The TSF shall ensure that any previous information content of a resource is
made unavailable upon the allocation of the resource to the following objects: the APDU
buffer.
FDP_RIP.1/bArray Subset residual information protection
FDP_RIP.1.1/bArray The TSF shall ensure that any previous information content of a resource is
made unavailable upon the allocation of the resource to the following objects: the bArray
object.
FDP_RIP.1/ABORT Subset residual information protection
FDP_RIP.1.1/ABORT The TSF shall ensure that any previous information content of a resource is
made unavailable upon the deallocation of the resource from the following objects: any
reference to an object instance created during an aborted transaction.
FDP_RIP.1/KEYS Subset residual information protection
FDP_RIP.1.1/KEYS The TSF shall ensure that any previous information content of a resource is
made unavailable upon the deallocation of the resource from the following objects: the
cryptographic buffer (D.CRYPTO).
FDP_ROL.1/FIREWALL Basic rollback
FDP_ROL.1.1/FIREWALL The TSF shall enforce the FIREWALL access control SFP and
the JCVM information flow control SFP to permit the rollback of the operations OP.JAVA
and OP.CREATE on the object O.JAVAOBJECTs.
FDP_ROL.1.2/FIREWALL The TSF shall permit operations to be rolled back within the scope of a
select(), deselect(), process() or install() call, not with standing the restrictions given
in [JCRE ], §7.7, within the bounds of the Commit Capacity ([JCRE ], §7.8), and those
described in [JCAPI ].
FCS_CKM.1/RSA Cryptographic key generation
FCS_CKM.1.1/RSA The TSF shall generate cryptographic keys in accordance with a specified
cryptographic key generation algorithm RSA and specified cryptographic key sizes from 1024 to
2048 bits with a step of 256 that meet the following: AINSI X0.31.
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FCS_COP.1/RSA Cryptographic operation
FCS_COP.1.1/RSA The TSF shall perform signature, verification of signature, encryption
and decryption in accordance with a specified cryptographic algorithm RSA and cryptographic
key sizes from 1024 to 2048 bits that meet the following: 1. Ansi X9.31 (see related
document [13]), 2. ISO / IEC 9796-1, annex A, section A.4 and A.5, and annex C (see
related document [18]) 3. PKCS#1 The public Key Cryptography standards, RSA
Data Security Inc. 1993 (see related document [21]).
FCS_COP.1/AES Cryptographic operation
FCS_COP.1.1/AES The TSF shall perform signature, verification of signature, encryption
and decryption in accordance with a specified cryptographic algorithm AES and cryptographic
key sizes from 128 to 256 bits with a step of 64 bits that meet the following: FIPS PUB 197.
FCS_COP.1/EC Cryptographic operation
FCS_COP.1.1/EC The TSF shall perform signature, verification of signature, encryption
and decryption in accordance with a specified cryptographic algorithm EC and
cryptographic key 160, 192, 224, 256, 320, 384, 512, 521 bits that meet the following
standards: IEEE P1363, ANSI X9.62, ANSI X9.63
FCS_COP.1/SHA Cryptographic operation
FCS_COP.1.1/SHA The TSF shall perform Hash functions in accordance with a specified
cryptographic algorithm SHA-1, SHA-224-256 and SHA-384-512 and cryptographic key sizes
no keys that meet the following: Secure Hash Standard, FIPS 180-3, October 2008.
FCS_CKM.2 Cryptographic key distribution
FCS_CKM.2.1 The TSF shall distribute cryptographic keys in accordance with a specified
cryptographic key distribution method command setKey that meets the following: [JCAPI ]
specification.
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FCS_CKM.1/DES Cryptographic key generation
FCS_CKM.1.1/DES The TSF shall generate cryptographic keys in accordance with a specified
cryptographic key generation algorithm TDES and specified cryptographic key sizes from 128 to
192 bits that meet the following: 1. FIPS PUB 46-3 (ANSI X3.92) (see related document
[14]), 2. FIPS PUB 81 (see related document [15]), 3. ISO 9797 (1999), Data integrity
mechanism (see related document [19]).
8.1.1.3 Card Security Management
The following SFRs are related to the security requirements at the level of the whole card, in contrast
to the previous ones, that are somewhat restricted to the TOE alone. For instance, a potential security
violation detected by the virtual machine may require a reaction that does not only concern the virtual
machine, such as blocking the card (or request the appropriate security module with the power to
block the card to perform the operation).
FAU_ARP.1/JCS Security alarms
FAU_ARP.1.1/JCS The TSF shall take the following actions:
o throw an exception,
o lock the card session
o or reinitialize the Java Card System and its data upon detection of a potential
security violation.
Refinement:
Potential security violation is refined to one of the following events:
• CAP file inconsistency
• Typing error in the operands of a bytecode
• Applet life cycle inconsistency
• Card tearing (unexpected removal of the Card out of the CAD) and power failure
• Abortion of a transaction in an unexpected context (see abortTransaction(), [JCAPI ]
and ([JCRE ], §7.6.2)
• Violation of the Firewall or JCVM SFPs
• Unavailability of resources
• Array overflow
• Other runtime errors related to applet's failure (like uncaught exceptions)
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FDP_SDI.2 Stored data integrity monitoring and action
FDP_SDI.2.1 The TSF shall monitor user data stored in containers controlled by the TSF for
integrity errors on all objects, based on the following attributes: integrityControlledData.
FDP_SDI.2.2 Upon detection of a data integrity error, the TSF shall increase counter of the Kill
card file.
Application note:
The following data persistently stored by TOE have the user data attribute " integrityControlledData ":
1. PINs (i.e. objects instance of class OwnerPin or subclass of interface PIN)
2. keys (i.e. objects instance of classes implemented the interface Key)
3. SecureStores (i.e. objects instance of class SecureStore)
4. packages Java Card
5. patches
If the maximum is reached (15) the the Kill card is launched.
FPT_TDC.1 Inter-TSF basic TSF data consistency
FPT_TDC.1.1 The TSF shall provide the capability to consistently interpret the CAP files (shared
between the card manager and the TOE), the bytecode and its data arguments
(shared with applets and API packages), when shared between the TSF and another trusted
IT product.
FPT_TDC.1.2 The TSF shall use the following rules:
o The [JCVM ] specification;
o Reference export files;
o The ISO 7816-6 rules;
o The EMV specification when interpreting the TSF data from another trusted IT product.
FPT_FLS.1/JCS Failure with preservation of secure state
FPT_FLS.1.1/JCS The TSF shall preserve a secure state when the following types of failures occur:
those associated to the potential security violations described in FAU_ARP.1.
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FPR_UNO.1 Unobservability
FPR_UNO.1.1 The TSF shall ensure that any user are unable to observe the operation
Cardholder authentication on D.PIN by No user and no subject.
FPT_TST.1/RESET TSF testing
FPT_TST.1.1/RESET [Editorially Refined] The TSF shall run a suite of self tests during initial
start-up (at each power on) to demonstrate the correct operation of the TSF.
FPT_TST.1.2/RESET The TSF shall provide authorised users with the capability to verify the
integrity of TSF data.
FPT_TST.1.3/RESET The TSF shall provide authorised users with the capability to verify the
integrity of stored TSF executable code.
Application note:
At each start up, a self test of the hardware is done. Random, DES, and CRC
functional modules are tested always at each start up: implements a know calculus
and checks if the result is correct. SHA, RSA, AES and ECC functional modules are
tested at each start up or at first used: implements a know calculus and checks if the
result is correct.
FDP_SDI.1 Stored data integrity monitoring
FDP_SDI.1.1 The TSF shall monitor user data stored in containers controlled by the TSF for
Integrity errors on all objects, based on the following attributes: integrityData.
Application note:
The following data persistently stored by TOE have the user data attribute " integrityData":
SecureStores (i.e. objects instance of class SecureStore)
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FPT_TST.1FIRST_USED TSF testing
FPT_TST.1.1FIRST_USED [Editorially Refined] The TSF shall run a suite of self tests at first
use to demonstrate the correct operation of the TSF.
FPT_TST.1.2FIRST_USED The TSF shall provide authorised users with the capability to verify the
integrity of TSF data.
FPT_TST.1.3FIRST_USED The TSF shall provide authorised users with the capability to verify the
integrity of stored TSF executable code.
Application note:
Each crypto functional module used SHA, RSA, AES and ECC is tested as first used
if not at start up.
8.1.1.4 AID Management
FMT_MTD.1/JCRE Management of TSF data
FMT_MTD.1.1/JCRE The TSF shall restrict the ability to modify the list of registered applets'
AID to the JCRE.
FMT_MTD.3 Secure TSF data
FMT_MTD.3.1 The TSF shall ensure that only secure values are accepted for TSF data.
FIA_ATD.1/AID User attribute definition
FIA_ATD.1.1/AID The TSF shall maintain the following list of security attributes belonging to
individual users: the AID and version number of each package, the AID of each
registered applet, and whether a registered applet is currently selected for execution
([JCVM ], §6.5) ASG.APPPRIV and CONTEXT.
FIA_UID.2/AID User identification before any action
FIA_UID.2.1/AID The TSF shall require each user to be successfully identified before allowing any
other TSF-mediated actions on behalf of that user.
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FIA_USB.1 User-subject binding
FIA_USB.1.1 The TSF shall associate the following user security attributes with subjects acting on
the behalf of that user: Package AID.
FIA_USB.1.2 The TSF shall enforce the following rules on the initial association of user security
attributes with subjects acting on the behalf of users: rules are defined in
FDP_ACC.2/Firewall and ADP_ACF/Firewall.
FIA_USB.1.3 The TSF shall enforce the following rules governing changes to the user security
attributes associated with subjects acting on the behalf of users: none.
Application note:
The user is the applet and the subject is the S.PACKAGE. The subject security attribute "Context"
shall hold the user security attribute "package AID".
FMT_SMF.1/JCRE Specification of Management Functions
FMT_SMF.1.1/JCRE The TSF shall be capable of performing the following management functions:
Modify the active context and the SELECTed applet Context. o Modify the list of
registered applets' AID.
8.1.2 ADELG Security Functional Requirements
This group bulks the SFRs related to the deletion of applets and/or packages, enforcing the applet
deletion manager (ADEL) policy on security aspects outside the runtime. The idea here is that deletion
is a critical phase and therefore requires specific treatment. This policy is better thought as a frame to
be filled by ST implementers.
8.1.2.1 Applet Deletion Manager Policy
FDP_ACC.2/ADEL Complete access control
FDP_ACC.2.1/ADEL The TSF shall enforce the ADEL access control SFP on S.ADEL,
O.JAVAOBJECT, O.APPLET and O.CODE_PKG and all operations among subjects and
objects covered by the SFP.
Refinement:
Subjects (prefixed with an "S") and objects (prefixed with an "O") covered by this policy are:
Subject/Object Description
S.ADEL The applet deletion manager. It may be an applet ([JCRE22], §11), but its
role asks anyway for a specific treatment from the security viewpoint. This
subject is unique.
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Subject/Object Description
O.CODE_PKG The code of a package, including all linking information. On the Java Card
platform, a package is the installation unit.
O.APPLET Any installed applet, its code and data.
O.JAVAOBJEC
T
Java class instance or array.
Operations (prefixed with "OP") of this policy are described in the following table.
Operation Description
OP.DELETE_APPLET(O.APPLET,...) Delete an installed applet and its objects,
either logically or physically.
OP.DELETE_PCKG(O.CODE_PKG,...) Delete a package, either logically or
physically.
OP.DELETE_PCKG_APPLET(O.CODE_PKG,...
)
Delete a package and its installed applets,
either logically or physically.
FDP_ACC.2.2/ADEL The TSF shall ensure that all operations between any subject controlled by the
TSF and any object controlled by the TSF are covered by an access control SFP.
FDP_ACF.1/ADEL Security attribute based access control
FDP_ACF.1.1/ADEL The TSF shall enforce the ADEL access control SFP to objects based on
the following:
o (1) the security attributes of the covered subjects and objects,
o (2) the list of AIDs of the applet instances registered on the card,
o (3) the attribute ResidentPackages, which journals the list of AIDs of the
packages already loaded on the card, and
o (4) the attribute ActiveApplets, which is a list of the active applets' AIDs.
Refinement:
The following table presents some of the security attributes associated to the subjects/objects
under control of the policy. However, they are mostly implementation independent.
Subject/Object Attributes
O.CODE_PKG package's AID, dependent packages' AIDs, Static References
O.APPLET Selection state
O.JAVAOBJEC
T
Owner, Remote
The package's AID identifies the package defined in the CAP file.
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When an export file is used during preparation of a CAP file, the version numbers and AIDs
indicated in the export file are recorded in the CAP files ([JCVM ], §4.5.2): the dependent packages
AIDs attribute allows the retrieval of those identifications.
Static fields of a package may contain references to objects. The Static References attribute
records those references.
An applet instance can be in two different selection states: selected or deselected. If the applet is
selected (in some logical channel), then in turn it could either be currently selected or just active. At
any time there could be up to four active applet instances, but only one currently selected. This
latter is the one that is processing the current command ([JCRE22], §4).
The Owner of an object is either the applet instance that created the object or the package (library)
where it has been defined (these latter objects can only be arrays that initialize static fields of the
package).
An object is said to be a Remote if it is an instance of a class that directly or indirectly implements
the interface java.rmi.Remote.
Finally, there are needed security attributes that are not attached to any object or subject of the
TSP: (1) the ResidentPackages Versions (or Resident Image,[JCVM ],§4.5) and AIDs. They
describe the packages that are already on the card, (2) the list of registered applet instances and
(3) the ActiveApplets security attribute. They are all attributes internal to the VM, that is, not
attached to any specific object or subject of the SPM. These attributes are TSF data that play a role
in the SPM.
FDP_ACF.1.2/ADEL The TSF shall enforce the following rules to determine if an operation among
controlled subjects and controlled objects is allowed: by the ADEL SFP
o R.JAVA.14 ([JCRE22], §11.3.4.1, Applet Instance Deletion). The S.ADEL may
perform OP.DELETE_APPLET upon an O.APPLET only if,
 (1) S.ADEL is currently selected,
 (2) O.APPLET is deselected and
 (3) there is no O.JAVAOBJECT owned by O.APPLET such that either
O.JAVAOBJECT is reachable from an applet instance distinct from
O.APPLET, or O.JAVAOBJECT is reachable from a package P, or
([JCRE22], §8.5) O.JAVAOBJECT is remote reachable.
o R.JAVA.15 ([JCRE22],§11.3.4.1, Multiple Applet Instance Deletion). The
S.ADEL may perform OP.DELETE_APPLET upon several O.APPLET only if,
 (1) S.ADEL is currently selected,
 (2) every O.APPLET being deleted is deselected and
 (3) there is no O.JAVAOBJECT owned by any of the O.APPLET being
deleted such that either O.JAVAOBJECT is reachable from an applet
instance distinct from any of those O.APPLET, or O.JAVAOBJECT is
reachable from a package P, or ([JCRE22], §8.5) O.JAVAOBJECT is
remote reachable.
o R.JAVA.16 ([JCRE22], §11.3.4.2, Applet/Library Package Deletion). The
S.ADEL may perform OP.DELETE_PCKG upon an O.CODE_PCKG only if,
 (1) S.ADEL is currently selected,
 (2) no reachable O.JAVAOBJECT, from a package distinct from
O.CODE_PCKG that is an instance of a class that belongs to
O.CODE_PCKG exists on the card and
 (3) there is no package loaded on the card that depends on
O.CODE_PCKG.
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o R.JAVA.17 ([JCRE22], §11.3.4.3, Applet Package and Contained Instances
Deletion). The S.ADEL may perform OP.DELETE_PCKG_APPLET upon an
O.CODE_PCKG only if,
 (1) S.ADEL is currently selected,
 (2) no reachable O.JAVAOBJECT, from a package distinct from
O.CODE_PCKG, which is an instance of a class that belongs to
O.CODE_PCKG exists on the card,
 (3) there is no package loaded on the card that depends on
O.CODE_PCKG and
 (4) for every O.APPLET of those being deleted it holds that:
- (i) O.APPLET is deselected and
- (ii) there is no O.JAVAOBJECT owned by O.APPLET such that either
O.JAVAOBJECT is reachable from an applet instance not being deleted, or
O.JAVAOBJECT is reachable from a package not being deleted, or ([JCRE22],§8.5)
O.JAVAOBJECT is remote reachable.
Refinement:
The subjects of this policy is S.ADEL.
Some basic common specifications are required in order to allow Java Card applets and packages
to be deleted without knowing the implementation details of a particular deletion manager. In
particular, this policy introduces a notion of reachability, which provides a general means to
describe objects that are referenced from a certain applet instance or package.
In the context of this policy, an object O is reachable if and only if either:
o (1) the owner of O is a registered applet instance A (O is reachable from A),
o (2) a static field of a loaded package P contains a reference to O (O is reachable from P),
o (3) there exists a valid remote reference to O (O is remote reachable), and
o (4) there exists an object O' that is reachable according to either (1) or (2) or (3) above and
O' contains a reference to O (the reachability status of O is that of O').
FDP_ACF.1.3/ADEL The TSF shall explicitly authorise access of subjects to objects based on the
following additional rules: none.
FDP_ACF.1.4/ADEL [Editorially Refined] The TSF shall explicitly deny access of any subject
but the S.ADEL to O.CODE_PKG or O.APPLET for the purpose of deleting it from the
card.
FMT_MSA.1/ADEL Management of security attributes
FMT_MSA.1.1/ADEL The TSF shall enforce the ADEL access control SFP to restrict the ability
to modify the security attributes ActiveApplets to the JCRE (S.JCRE).
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FMT_SMR.1/ADEL Security roles
FMT_SMR.1.1/ADEL The TSF shall maintain the roles: the applet deletion manager.
FMT_SMR.1.2/ADEL The TSF shall be able to associate users with roles.
FMT_SMF.1/ADEL Specification of Management Functions
FMT_SMF.1.1/ADEL The TSF shall be capable of performing the following management functions:
Modify the ActiveApplets security attribute.
FMT_MSA.3/ADEL Static attribute initialisation
FMT_MSA.3.1/ADEL The TSF shall enforce the ADEL access control SFP to provide
restrictive default values for security attributes that are used to enforce the SFP.
FMT_MSA.3.2/ADEL The TSF shall allow the following role(s): none, to specify alternative
initial values to override the default values when an object or information is created.
8.1.2.2 Additional Deletion Requirements
FDP_RIP.1/ADEL Subset residual information protection
FDP_RIP.1.1/ADEL The TSF shall ensure that any previous information content of a resource is
made unavailable upon the allocation of the resource to the following objects: applet
instances and/or packages when one of the deletion operations in
FDP_ACC.2.1/ADEL is performed on them.
FPT_FLS.1/ADEL Failure with preservation of secure state
FPT_FLS.1.1/ADEL The TSF shall preserve a secure state when the following types of failures
occur: the applet deletion manager fails to delete a package/applet as described in
[JCRE22], §11.3.4.
8.1.3 LCG Security Functional Requirements
The security issues introduced by logical channels are mainly related to the access to SIO objects
owned by legacy applets as well as to the clearing of transient data which is shared by applet
instances which are concurrently active in different logical channels. Accordingly, this group introduces
a reformulation of the FIREWALL SFP specified in the group CoreG and a modification to a
component of the security requirement for residual information protection (FDP_RIP.1.1/TRANSIENT).
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8.1.3.1 Firewall Policy
Except for the requirements explicitly introduced in what follows, this policy includes unchanged the
functional requirements specified in the FIREWALL access control SFP of the group CoreG.
FDP_ACC.2/FIREWALL Complete access control
FDP_ACC.2.1/FIREWALL The TSF shall enforce the FIREWALL access control SFP on
S.PACKAGE, S.JCRE, O.JAVAOBJECT and all operations among subjects and objects
covered by the SFP.
Refinement:
Subjects (prefixed with an "S") and objects (prefixed with an "O") covered by this policy are:
Subject Description
S.PACKAGE Any package, which is the security unit of the firewall policy.
S.JCRE The JCRE. This is the process that manages applet selection and de-
selection, along with the delivery of APDUs from and to the smart card
device. This subject is unique.
O.JAVAOBJEC
T
Any object. Note that KEYS, PIN, arrays and applet instances are specific
objects in the Java programming language.
Operations (prefixed with "OP") of this policy are described in the following table. Each operation
has a specific number of parameters given between brackets, among which there is the "accessed
object", the first one, when applicable. Parameters may be seen as security attributes that are
under the control of the subject performing the operation.
Operation Description
OP.ARRAY_ACCESS(O.JAVAOBJECT, field) Read/Write an array component.
OP.INSTANCE_FIELD(O.JAVAOBJECT, field) Read/Write a field of an instance of a class in
the Java programming language
OP.INVK_VIRTUAL(O.JAVAOBJECT, method,
arg1,...)
Invoke a virtual method (either on a class
instance or an array object)
OP.INVK_INTERFACE(O.JAVAOBJECT,
method, arg1,...)
Invoke an interface method.
OP.THROW(O.JAVAOBJECT) Throwing of an object (athrow).
OP.TYPE_ACCESS(O.JAVAOBJECT, class) Invoke checkcast or instanceof on an object.
OP.JAVA(...) Any access in the sense of [JCRE ], §6.2.8.
In our formalization, this is one of the
preceding operations.
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Operation Description
OP.CREATE(Sharing, LifeTime) Creation of an object (new or makeTransient
call).
Note that accessing array's components of a static array, and more generally fields and methods of
static objects, is an access to the corresponding O.JAVAOBJECT.
FDP_ACC.2.2/FIREWALL The TSF shall ensure that all operations between any subject controlled
by the TSF and any object controlled by the TSF are covered by an access control SFP.
FDP_ACF.1/FIREWALL Security attribute based access control
FDP_ACF.1.1/FIREWALL The TSF shall enforce the FIREWALL access control SFP to
objects based on the following:
o (1) the security attributes of the covered subjects and objects,
o (2) the currently active context,
o (3) the SELECTed applet Context, and
o (4) the attribute ActiveApplets, which is a list of the active applets' AIDs.
Refinement:
The following table describes which security attributes are attached to which subject/object of our
policy.
Subject/Object Attributes
S.PACKAGE Context, Selection Status
S.JCRE None
O.JAVAOBJEC
T
Sharing, Context, LifeTime
The following table describes the possible values for each security attribute.
Name Description
Context Package AID, or "JCRE"
Sharing Standard, SIO, JCRE entry point, or global array
LifeTime CLEAR_ON_DESELECT or PERSISTENT(*).
SELECTed applet Context Package AID, or "None"
Selection Status Multiselectable, Non-multiselectable or "None"
ActiveApplets List of package's AIDs
(*) Transient objects of type CLEAR_ON_RESET behave like persistent objects in that they can be
accessed only when the currently active context is the object's context.
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In the case of an array type, we state that fields are components of the array ([JVM], §2.14, §2.7.7),
as well as the length; the only methods of an array object are those inherited from the Object class.
The Sharing attribute defines four categories of objects:
o Standard ones, whose both fields and methods are under the firewall policy,
o Shareable interface Objects (SIO), which provide a secure mechanism for inter-applet
communication,
o JCRE entry points (Temporary or Permanent), who have freely accessible methods but
protected fields,
o Global arrays, having both unprotected fields (including components; refer to
JavaCardClass discussion above) and methods.
When a new object is created, it is associated with the currently active context. But the object is
owned by the applet instance within the currently active context when the object is instantiated
([JCRE ], §6.1.2). An object is owned by an applet instance, by the JCRE or by the package library
where it has been defined (these latter objects can only be arrays that initialize static fields of
packages).
Finally both "the currently active context" and "the SELECTed applet context" are security
attributes internal to the VM, that is, not attached to any specific object or subject of the Security
Policy Model ("SPM"). They are TSF data that play a role in the SPM.
([JCRE ], Glossary) Currently selected applet. The JCRE keeps track of the currently
selected Java Card applet. Upon receiving a SELECT command with this applet's AID, the
JCRE makes this applet the currently selected applet. The JCRE sends all APDU
commands to the currently selected applet.
While the expression "selected applet" refers to a specific installed applet, the relevant aspect to
the policy is the context of the selected applet; that is why the associated security attribute is a
package AID.
([JCRE ] §6.1.1) At any point in time, there is only one active context within the VM (this is
called the currently active context).
This should be identified in our model with the acting S.PACKAGE's context. This value is in one-
to-one correspondence with AIDs of packages (except for the JCRE context, of course), which
appears in the model in the "Context" attribute of both subjects and objects of the policy. The
reader should note that the invocation of static methods (or access to a static field) is not
considered by this policy, as there are no firewall rules. They have no effect on the active context
as well and the "acting package" is not the one to which the static method belongs in this case.
The Java Card platform, version 2.2, introduces the possibility for an applet instance to be selected
on multiple logical channels at the same time, or accepting other applets belonging to the same
package being selected simultaneously. These applets are referred to as multiselectable applets.
Applets that belong to a same package are either all multiselectable or not ([JCVM22],§2.2.5).
Therefore, the selection mode can be regarded as an attribute of packages. No selection mode is
defined for a library package.
Support for multiple logical channels (with multiple selected applet instances) requires a change to
the Java Card System, version 2.1.1, concept of selected applet. Since more than one applet
instance can be selected at the same time, and one applet instance can be selected on different
logical channels simultaneously, it is necessary to differentiate the state of the applet instances in
more detail. An applet instance will be considered an active applet instance if it is currently selected
in at least one logical channel, up to a maximum of four. An applet instance is the currently
selected applet instance only if it is processing the current command. There can only be one
currently selected applet instance at a given time. ([JCRE22],§4).
The ActiveApplets security attribute is internal to the VM, that is, not attached to any specific object
or subject of the SPM. The attribute is TSF data that plays a role in the SPM.
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FDP_ACF.1.2/FIREWALL The TSF shall enforce the following rules to determine if an operation
among controlled subjects and controlled objects is allowed: by the FIREWALL SFP
o R.JAVA.1 ([JCRE ]§6.2.8) An S.PACKAGE may freely perform any of
OP.ARRAY_ACCESS, OP.INSTANCE_FIELD, OP.INVK_VIRTUAL,
OP.INVK_INTERFACE, OP.THROW or OP.TYPE_ACCESS upon any
O.JAVAOBJECT whose Sharing attribute has value "JCRE entry point" or
"global array".
o R.JAVA.2 ([JCRE ]§6.2.8) An S.PACKAGE may freely perform any of
OP.ARRAY_ACCESS,OP.INSTANCE_FIELD, OP.INVK_VIRTUAL,
OP.INVK_INTERFACE or OP.THROW upon any O.JAVAOBJECT whose
Sharing attribute has value "Standard" and whose Lifetime attribute has
value "PERSISTENT" only if O.JAVAOBJECT's Context attribute has the
same value as the active context.
o R.JAVA.3 ([JCRE ]§6.2.8.10) An S.PACKAGE may perform OP.TYPE_ACCESS
upon an O.JAVAOBJECT whose Sharing attribute has value "SIO" only if
O.JAVAOBJECT is being cast into (checkcast) or is being verified as being an
instance of (instanceof) an interface that extends the Shareable interface.
o R.JAVA.20 ([JCRE22], §6.2.8.6,) An S.PACKAGE may perform
OP.INVK_INTERFACE upon an O.JAVAOBJECT whose Sharing attribute has
the value "SIO", and whose Context attribute has the value "Package AID",
only if one of the following applies:
 a) The value of the attribute Selection Status of the package whose AID is
"Package AID" is "Multiselectable",
 b) The value of the attribute Selection Status of the package whose AID is
"Package AID" is "Non-multiselectable", and either "Package AID" is the
value of the currently selected applet or otherwise "Package AID" does
not occur in the attribute ActiveApplets,
and in either of the cases above the invoked interface method extends the
Shareable interface.
o R.JAVA.5 An S.PACKAGE may perform an OP.CREATE only if the value of
the Sharing parameter(*) is "Standard".
o At last, rules governing access to and creation of O.JAVAOBJECTs by
S.JCRE are essentially implementation-dependent (however, see
FDP_ACF.1.3/FIREWALL.).
Refinement:
(*) For this operation, there is no accessed object; the "Sharing value" thus refers to the parameter
of the operation. This rule simply enforces that shareable transient objects are not allowed. Note:
parameters can be seen as security attributes whose value is under the control of the subject. For
instance, during the creation of an object, the JavaCardClass attribute's value is chosen by the
creator.
FDP_ACF.1.3/FIREWALL The TSF shall explicitly authorise access of subjects to objects based on
the following additional rules:
o The subject S.JCRE can freely perform OP.JAVA(...) and OP.CREATE, with
the exception given in FDP_ACF.1.4/FIREWALL.
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FDP_ACF.1.4/FIREWALL The TSF shall explicitly deny access of subjects to objects based on the
rules:
o 1) Any subject with OP.JAVA upon an O.JAVAOBJECT whose LifeTime
attribute has value "CLEAR_ON_DESELECT" if O.JAVAOBJECT's Context
attribute is not the same as the SELECTed applet Context.
o 2) Any subject with OP.CREATE and a "CLEAR_ON_DESELECT" LifeTime
parameter if the active context is not the same as the SELECTed applet
Context.
8.1.3.2 Additional Requirements on Logical Channels
FDP_RIP.1/TRANSIENT Subset residual information protection
FDP_RIP.1.1/TRANSIENT The TSF shall ensure that any previous information content of a
resource is made unavailable upon the deallocation of the resource from the following
objects: any transient object.
8.1.4 ODELG Security Functional Requirements
The following requirements are concerned with the secure deletion of information provoked by the
object deletion mechanism. This mechanism is triggered by the applet who owns the deleted objects
by invoking a specific API method.
FDP_RIP.1/ODEL Subset residual information protection
FDP_RIP.1.1/ODEL The TSF shall ensure that any previous information content of a resource is
made unavailable upon the deallocation of the resource from the following objects: the
objects owned by the context of an applet instance which triggered the execution of
the method javacard.framework.JCSystem.requestObjectDeletion().
FPT_FLS.1/ODEL Failure with preservation of secure state
FPT_FLS.1.1/ODEL The TSF shall preserve a secure state when the following type of failure occurs:
the object deletion functions fail to delete all the unreferenced objects owned by the applet
that requested the execution of the method.
Application note:The TOE may provide additional feedback information to the card manager in case of
potential security violation (see FAU_ARP.1).
8.1.5 SCPG Security Functional Requirements
This group contains the security requirements for the smart card platform, that is, operating system
and chip that the Java Card System is implemented upon. The requirements are expressed in terms of
security functional requirements from [CC2].
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The TSF and TSC stated in the following components refer to that of the SCP.
FPT_FLS.1/SCP Failure with preservation of secure state
FPT_FLS.1.1/SCP The TSF shall preserve a secure state when the following types of failures occur:
1. Invalid reference exception; 2. Code or data integrity failure; 3. Power loss while
processing. 4. worm on or dead EEPROM, full security area, false CRC For each
problem the TOE sends a specific exception status or doesn't start.
FRU_FLT.1/SCP Degraded fault tolerance
FRU_FLT.1.1/SCP The TSF shall ensure the operation of Fault tolerance when the following
failures occur: Lack of EEPROM.
FPT_PHP.3/SCP Resistance to physical attack
FPT_PHP.3.1/SCP The TSF shall resist changing operational conditions every times: the
frequency of the external clock, power supply, and temperature to the the chip
elements by responding automatically such that the SFRs are always enforced.
FPT_RCV.3/SCP Automated recovery without undue loss
FPT_RCV.3.1/SCP When automated recovery from None is not possible, the TSF shall enter a
maintenance mode where the ability to return to a secure state is provided.
FPT_RCV.3.2/SCP For all cases, the TSF shall ensure the return of the TOE to a secure state
using automated procedures.
FPT_RCV.3.3/SCP The functions provided by the TSF to recover from failure or service
discontinuity shall ensure that the secure initial state is restored without exceeding 100% for loss
of TSF data or objects under the control of the TSF.
FPT_RCV.3.4/SCP The TSF shall provide the capability to determine the objects that were or were
not capable of being recovered.
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FPT_RCV.4/SCP Function recovery
FPT_RCV.4.1/SCP The TSF shall ensure that reading from and writing to static and
objects' fields interrupted by power loss have the property that the function either
completes successfully, or for the indicated failure scenarios, recovers to a consistent and secure
state.
FCS_RNG.1/IC_SOFT Random number generation
FCS_RNG.1.1/IC_SOFT The TSF shall provide a hybrid random number generator that
implements: None.
FCS_RNG.1.2/IC_SOFT The TSF shall provide random numbers that meet khi2 test.
FPR_UNO.1/USE_KEY Unobservability
FPR_UNO.1.1/USE_KEY The TSF shall ensure that all subjets are unable to observe the
operation Use on Key by D.KEY.
8.1.6 Additional requirements for CM
FCO_NRO.2/CM_TOKEN Enforced proof of origin
FCO_NRO.2.1/CM_TOKEN [Editorially Refined] The TSF shall enforce the generation of
evidence of origin for transmitted Pre-Authorisation for the delegated operation at all times.
FCO_NRO.2.2/CM_TOKEN [Editorially Refined] The TSF shall be able to relate the Card
Issuer of the originator of the information, and the AS.KEYSET_Value the information to which
the evidence applies.
FCO_NRO.2.3/CM_TOKEN The TSF shall provide a capability to verify the evidence of origin of
information to originator given all time.
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FCO_NRO.2/CM_DAP Enforced proof of origin
FCO_NRO.2.1/CM_DAP The TSF shall enforce the generation of evidence of origin for transmitted
LoadFile at all times.
FCO_NRO.2.2/CM_DAP [Editorially Refined] The TSF shall be able to relate the
AS.KEYSET_VALUE of the originator of the information, and the CAP file components of the
information to which the evidence applies.
FCO_NRO.2.3/CM_DAP [Editorially Refined] The TSF shall provide a capability to verify the
evidence of origin of information to recipient given during Cap File loading.
FIA_AFL.1/CM Authentication failure handling
FIA_AFL.1.1/CM The TSF shall detect when 1 unsuccessful authentication attempts occur related to
U.Card_Issuer authentication.
FIA_AFL.1.2/CM When the defined number of unsuccessful authentication attempts has been
surpassed and met, the TSF shall slow down the next authentication in accordance
with the following function: The waiting time is exponential with a maximum number
of unsuccessful authentications of 15.
FIA_UAU.1/CM Timing of authentication
FIA_UAU.1.1/CM The TSF shall allow Get Data, Initialize Update on behalf of the user to be
performed before the user is authenticated.
FIA_UAU.1.2/CM The TSF shall require each user to be successfully authenticated before allowing
any other TSF-mediated actions on behalf of that user.
FIA_UAU.4/CardIssuer Single-use authentication mechanisms
FIA_UAU.4.1/CardIssuer The TSF shall prevent reuse of authentication data related to the Card
Issuer authentication mechanism.
FIA_UAU.7/CardIssuer Protected authentication feedback
FIA_UAU.7.1/CardIssuer The TSF shall provide only the result of the authentication (NOK),
the key set version, Secure channel identifier and the card random and the card
cryptogram to the user while the authentication is in progress.
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FPR_UNO.1/KEY_CM Unobservability
FPR_UNO.1.1/KEY_CM The TSF shall ensure that all subjets are unable to observe the
operation Import on Key by D.KEY.
FPT_TDC.1/CM Inter-TSF basic TSF data consistency
FPT_TDC.1.1/CM The TSF shall provide the capability to consistently interpret
AS.KEYSET_VALUE, Packages when shared between the TSF and another trusted IT
product.
FPT_TDC.1.2/CM The TSF shall use the PUT KEY data format when interpreting the TSF data
from another trusted IT product.
Application note:
when importing a key from another Key generator
FAU_SAR.1/CM Audit review
FAU_SAR.1.1/CM The TSF shall provide all user (getData) with the capability to read
D.AuditLog file (Authentification failure) from the audit records.
FAU_SAR.1.2/CM The TSF shall provide the audit records in a manner suitable for the user to
interpret the information.
FAU_GEN.1/CM Audit data generation
FAU_GEN.1.1/CM The TSF shall be able to generate an audit record of the following auditable
events:
a) Start-up and shutdown of the audit functions;
b) All auditable events for the not specified level of audit; and
c) authentication failure.
FAU_GEN.1.2/CM The TSF shall record within each audit record at least the following information:
a) Date and time of the event, type of event, subject identity (if applicable), and the outcome
(success or failure) of the event; and
b) For each audit event type, based on the auditable event definitions of the functional components
included in the PP/ST, AID of user; number of authentication failure present in the
D.AUDITLOG file.
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8.1.7 Resident application
FDP_ACC.2/PP Complete access control
FDP_ACC.2.1/PP The TSF shall enforce the Prepersonalization access control on
S.Resident application and for all objects and all operations among subjects and objects
covered by the SFP.
FDP_ACC.2.2/PP The TSF shall ensure that all operations between any subject controlled by the
TSF and any object controlled by the TSF are covered by an access control SFP.
FDP_ACF.1/PP Security attribute based access control
FDP_ACF.1.1/PP The TSF shall enforce the Prepersonalization access control to objects
based on the following: AS.AUTH_MSK_STATUS.
FDP_ACF.1.2/PP The TSF shall enforce the following rules to determine if an operation among
controlled subjects and controlled objects is allowed: AS.AUTH_MSK_STATUS = TRUE.
FDP_ACF.1.3/PP The TSF shall explicitly authorise access of subjects to objects based on the
following additional rules: none.
FDP_ACF.1.4/PP The TSF shall explicitly deny access of subjects to objects based on the none.
FDP_UCT.1/PP Basic data exchange confidentiality
FDP_UCT.1.1/PP The TSF shall enforce the Prepersonalization access control to be able to
receive user data in a manner protected from unauthorised disclosure.
Application note:
The TOE is able to receive crypted INIT KEY
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FDP_ITC.1/PP Import of user data without security attributes
FDP_ITC.1.1/PP The TSF shall enforce the Prepersonalization access control when importing
user data, controlled under the SFP, from outside of the TOE.
FDP_ITC.1.2/PP The TSF shall ignore any security attributes associated with the user data when
imported from outside the TOE.
FDP_ITC.1.3/PP The TSF shall enforce the following rules when importing user data controlled
under the SFP from outside the TOE: none.
FIA_AFL.1/PP Authentication failure handling
FIA_AFL.1.1/PP The TSF shall detect when 3 unsuccessful authentication attempts occur related to
to U.Card_manufacturer authentication.
FIA_AFL.1.2/PP When the defined number of unsuccessful authentication attempts has been met,
the TSF shall always return an erreur.
FIA_UAU.1/PP Timing of authentication
FIA_UAU.1.1/PP The TSF shall allow Get Challenge, Get Data, Manage Channel, Select
Applet on behalf of the user to be performed before the user is authenticated.
FIA_UAU.1.2/PP The TSF shall require each user to be successfully authenticated before allowing
any other TSF-mediated actions on behalf of that user.
FIA_UID.1/PP Timing of identification
FIA_UID.1.1/PP The TSF shall allow Get Challenge, Get Data, Manage Channel, Select
Applet on behalf of the user to be performed before the user is identified.
FIA_UID.1.2/PP The TSF shall require each user to be successfully identified before allowing any
other TSF-mediated actions on behalf of that user.
FMT_MSA.1/PP Management of security attributes
FMT_MSA.1.1/PP The TSF shall enforce the Prepersonalization access control to restrict the
ability to modify the security attributes AS.MSKEY to R.Prepersonalizer.
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FMT_SMF.1/PP Specification of Management Functions
FMT_SMF.1.1/PP The TSF shall be capable of performing the following management functions:
modify security attributes.
FIA_ATD.1/CardManu User attribute definition
FIA_ATD.1.1/CardManu The TSF shall maintain the following list of security attributes belonging to
individual users: AS.AUTH_MSK_STATUS.
FIA_UAU.4/CardManu Single-use authentication mechanisms
FIA_UAU.4.1/CardManu The TSF shall prevent reuse of authentication data related to the Card
Manufacturer authentication mechanism.
FIA_UAU.7/CardManu Protected authentication feedback
FIA_UAU.7.1/CardManu The TSF shall provide only the result of the authentication (NOK)
and the random to the user while the authentication is in progress.
FMT_MOF.1/PP Management of security functions behaviour
FMT_MOF.1.1/PP The TSF shall restrict the ability to disable the functions of resident
application: GET CHALLENGE, EXTERNAL AUTHENTICATE, LOAD STRUCTURE,
INSTALL, LOAD APPLET, GET DATA to R.Prepersonalizer.
FMT_MOF.1/PP_TOE Management of security functions behaviour
FMT_MOF.1.1/PP_TOE The TSF shall restrict the ability to modify the behaviour of the
functions All functions to R.Prepersonalizer.
Application note:
This function permit on PP phase to load patch. This patch is in the scope of the evaluation.
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FMT_SMR.2/PP Restrictions on security roles
FMT_SMR.2.1/PP The TSF shall maintain the roles: R.Prepersonaliser, R.Personaliser.
FMT_SMR.2.2/PP The TSF shall be able to associate users with roles.
FMT_SMR.2.3/PP The TSF shall ensure that the conditions see rafinement below are satisfied.
Refinement:
Roles //Conditions for this role//
-R.Prepersonalizer //Successful authentication (of Card Manufacturer) using Transport key
and card still in prepersonalization state)//
-R.Personalizer //Successful authentication (of Card Manufacturer or Card Issuer) using a
key set of the Card Manager, with CM life cycle phase from OP_READY to SECURED //
FMT_MSA.3/PP Static attribute initialisation
FMT_MSA.3.1/PP The TSF shall enforce the Prepersonalization access control to provide
same rights by default values for security attributes that are used to enforce the SFP.
FMT_MSA.3.2/PP The TSF shall allow the following role(s): none, to specify alternative initial
values to override the default values when an object or information is created.
FCS_COP.1/DES_PP Cryptographic operation
FCS_COP.1.1/DES_PP The TSF shall perform signature, verification of signature,
encryption and decryption in accordance with a specified cryptographic algorithm DES and
cryptographic key sizes of 112 bits or 168 bits (triple-DES), that meet the following: 1. FIPS
PUB 46-3 (ANSI X3.92) (see related document [14]), 2. FIPS PUB 81 (see related
document [15]), 3. ISO 9797 (1999), Data integrity mechanism (see related document
[19]).
FCS_CKM.4/PP Cryptographic key destruction
FCS_CKM.4.1/PP The TSF shall destroy cryptographic keys in accordance with a specified
cryptographic key destruction method Key is set to Null, that meets the following: No.
Application note:
MSKKey and its associated ckeck sum are set to null. It permit to never reuse it.
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8.1.8 CarG and CMGR Security Functional Requirements
The 2 groups concerning the Cad Manager are merged:
As the bytecode verifier is not embedded on the card, the groupe CMGR is included. It includes
requirements for preventing the installation of a package that has not been bytecode verified, or that
has been modified after bytecode verification.
The second group CARG helps define a policy for controlling access to card content management
operations and for expressing card issuer security policies.
FIA_UID.1/CM Timing of identification
FIA_UID.1.1/CM The TSF shall allow Execution of Card Manager on behalf of the user to be
performed before the user is identified.
FIA_UID.1.2/CM The TSF shall require each user to be successfully identified before allowing any
other TSF-mediated actions on behalf of that user.
Application note:
While entity (Card Manager or Security Domain) is selected, this function tests for every command if
the secure channel is open.
If a secure channel is opened, this function tests according to Card Manager life cycle for every
command if secure messaging is required.
If the secure channel is not open then only the command establishing a secure channel channel and
the Get data command are available.
FDP_ACF.1/CMGR_SD Security attribute based access control
FDP_ACF.1.1/CMGR_SD The TSF shall enforce the CARD CONTENT MANAGEMENT
access control SFP to objects based on the following: AS.AUTH_CM_STATUS and
AS.SECURITY_LEVEL.
FDP_ACF.1.2/CMGR_SD The TSF shall enforce the following rules to determine if an operation
among controlled subjects and controlled objects is allowed: 1/ AS.AUTH_CM_STATUS =
TRUE, 2/ if AS.SECURITY_LEVEL and MAC # 0, integrity of imported objects is
ensured, 3/ if AS.SECURITY_LEVEL and ENC # 0, confidentiality of imported objects
is ensured.
FDP_ACF.1.3/CMGR_SD The TSF shall explicitly authorise access of subjects to objects based on
the following additional rules: none.
FDP_ACF.1.4/CMGR_SD The TSF shall explicitly deny access of subjects to objects based on the
none.
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FDP_IFC.2/CM Complete information flow control
FDP_IFC.2.1/CM The TSF shall enforce the PACKAGE LOADING information flow control
SFP on S.CRD, S.BCV, S.SPY and all operations that cause that information to flow to and from
subjects covered by the SFP.
Refinement:
Subjects (prefixed with an "S") covered by this policy are those involved in the reception of
an application package by the card through a potentially unsafe communication channel:
Subject Description
S.BCV The subject representing who is in charge of the bytecode verification of the
packages (also known as the verification authority).
S.CRD The on-card entity in charge of package downloading.
S.SPY Any other subject that may potentially intercept, modify, or permute the messages
exchanged between the former two subjects.
The operations (prefixed with "OP") that make information to flow between the subjects are those
enabling to send a message through and to receive a message from the communication channel
linking the card to the outside world. It is assumed that any message sent through the channel as
clear text can be read by the attacker. Moreover, the attacker may capture any message sent
through the communication channel and send its own messages to the other subjects.
Operation Description
OP.SEND(M) A subject sends a message M through the communication channel.
OP.RECEIVE(M) A subject receives a message M from the communication channel.
The information (prefixed with an "I") controlled by the typing policy is the APDUs exchanged by
the subjects through the communication channel linking the card and the CAD. Each of those
messages contain part of an application package that is required to be loaded on the card, as well
as any control information used by the subjects (either S.BCV or S.SPY) in the communication
protocol.
Information Description
I.APDU Any APDU sent to or from the card through the communication channel.
FDP_IFC.2.2/CM The TSF shall ensure that all operations that cause any information in the TOE to
flow to and from any subject in the TOE are covered by an information flow control SFP.
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FDP_IFF.1/CM Simple security attributes
FDP_IFF.1.1/CM The TSF shall enforce the PACKAGE LOADING information flow control
SFP based on the following types of subject and information security attributes: LoadFile, Dap.
FDP_IFF.1.2/CM The TSF shall permit an information flow between a controlled subject and
controlled information via a controlled operation if the following rules hold: [assignment: the
rules describing the communication protocol used by the CAD and the card for
transmitting a new package].
FDP_IFF.1.3/CM The TSF shall enforce the none.
FDP_IFF.1.4/CM The TSF shall explicitly authorise an information flow based on the following rules:
none.
FDP_IFF.1.5/CM The TSF shall explicitly deny an information flow based on the following rules:
none.
FDP_UIT.1/CM Data exchange integrity
FDP_UIT.1.1/CM The TSF shall enforce the PACKAGE LOADING information flow control
SFP to be able to receive user data in a manner protected from modification errors.
FDP_UIT.1.2/CM [Editorially Refined] The TSF shall be able to determine on receipt of user
data, whether modification, deletion, insertion, replay of some of the pieces of the
application sent by the CAD has occurred.
FMT_MSA.1/CM Management of security attributes
FMT_MSA.1.1/CM The TSF shall enforce the PACKAGE LOADING information flow control
SFP to restrict the ability to modify the security attributes AS.KEYSET_VERSION,
AS.KEYSET_VALUE, Default SELECTED Privileges, AS.CMLIFECYC to
R.CARD_Manager.
Application note:
The Other privileges cannot be modified.
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FMT_MSA.3/CM Static attribute initialisation
FMT_MSA.3.1/CM The TSF shall enforce the PACKAGE LOADING information flow control
SFP to provide Security Domain Status = Locked default values for security attributes that
are used to enforce the SFP.
FMT_MSA.3.2/CM The TSF shall allow the R.CardManager to specify alternative initial values to
override the default values when an object or information is created.
Application note:
when the Security Domain Status = Locked, it means package loading is forbidden.
FMT_SMR.1/CM Security roles
FMT_SMR.1.1/CM The TSF shall maintain the roles R.Card Manager.
FMT_SMR.1.2/CM The TSF shall be able to associate users with roles.
FTP_ITC.1/CM Inter-TSF trusted channel
FTP_ITC.1.1/CM The TSF shall provide a communication channel between itself and another trusted
IT product that is logically distinct from other communication channels and provides assured
identification of its end points and protection of the channel data from modification or disclosure.
FTP_ITC.1.2/CM [Editorially Refined] The TSF shall permit the CAD placed in the card
issuer secured environment to initiate communication via the trusted channel.
FTP_ITC.1.3/CM The TSF shall initiate communication via the trusted channel for installing a new
application package on the card.
FCO_NRO.2/CM Enforced proof of origin
FCO_NRO.2.1/CM The TSF shall enforce the generation of evidence of origin for transmitted
application packages at all times.
FCO_NRO.2.2/CM [Editorially Refined] The TSF shall be able to relate the identity of the
originator of the information, and the application package contained in the information to
which the evidence applies.
FCO_NRO.2.3/CM The TSF shall provide a capability to verify the evidence of origin of information
to Card Issuer given none.
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FMT_MSA.1/CM_DEL Management of security attributes
FMT_MSA.1.1/CM_DEL The TSF shall enforce the PACKAGE LOADING information flow
control SFP to restrict the ability to delete the security attributes S.KEYSET_VERSION,
AS.KEYSET_VALUE to R.CARD_Manager.
Application note:
All other privileges cannot be modified.
FMT_SMR.2/CM Restrictions on security roles
FMT_SMR.2.1/CM The TSF shall maintain the roles: see elements in 2.3.
FMT_SMR.2.2/CM The TSF shall be able to associate users with roles.
FMT_SMR.2.3/CM The TSF shall ensure that the conditions see delails below:
Roles //Condition for this role//
-R.Personalizer //Successful authentication (Card Issuer) using a key set of the
Card Manager or Security Domain associates with CM life cycle phase from
OP_READY to SECURED
-R.Card_Manager //Successful authentication (of Card Issuer) using its key set ,
with CM life cycle phase from OP_READY to SECURED
-R.Security_Domain//Successful authentication (of application provider) using
its key set , with CM life cycle phase different from locked
-R.Use_API // Successful identification (of Applet), with Applet life cycle phase
after SELECTABLE
-R.Applet_privilege //have the privilege to modify CM life cycle, ATR, and also
Global Pin// are satisfied.
FDP_ACC.2/CMGR Complete access control
FDP_ACC.2.1/CMGR The TSF shall enforce the CARD CONTENT MANAGEMENT access
control SFP on D.LOADFILE, AS.KEYSET_VALUE, D.GLPIN, ASG.APPPRIV,
AS.CMLIFECYC, AS.KEYSET_VERSION, D.APPLILIFECYC, ASG.CARDREG and all
operations among subjects and objects covered by the SFP.
FDP_ACC.2.2/CMGR The TSF shall ensure that all operations between any subject controlled by
the TSF and any object controlled by the TSF are covered by an access control SFP.
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FMT_MSA.1/CMGR-PRIVMOD Management of security attributes
FMT_MSA.1.1/CMGR-PRIVMOD The TSF shall enforce the CARD CONTENT
MANAGEMENT access control SFP to restrict the ability to modify the security attributes
AS.CMLIFECYC to R.Card_Manager.
FIA_UID.1/CM_SD Timing of identification
FIA_UID.1.1/CM_SD The TSF shall allow execution of 'issuer Security Domain, execution
of supplementary Securiy Domain on behalf of the user to be performed before the user is
identified.
FIA_UID.1.2/CM_SD The TSF shall require each user to be successfully identified before allowing
any other TSF-mediated actions on behalf of that user.
Application note:
While entity is selected (Card Manager or Security Domain) is selected, these function tests for every
command if the secure channel is open.
If a secure channel is opened, these functions test according to Card Manager life cycle for every
command if secure messaging is required.
If the secure channel is not open then only the command establishing a secure channel and the get
data command are available.
FMT_SMF.1/CM Specification of Management Functions
FMT_SMF.1.1/CM The TSF shall be capable of performing the following management functions:
modify security attributes.
8.1.9 InstG Security Functional Requirements
This group bulks the SFRs related to the installation of the applets, which addresses security aspects
outside the runtime. The idea here is that installation of applets is a critical phase, which lies partially
out of the boundaries of the firewall, and therefore has to be deserved specific treatment. In the
Common Criteria model, loading a package or installing an applet was considered as being an
importation of user data (that is, user application's data) with its security attributes (such as the
parameters of the applet used in the firewall rules).
See also FIA_ATD.1, FIA_USB.1, FMT_MTD.1, FMT_SMR.1 for various information about applet
installation.
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FDP_ITC.2/Installer Import of user data with security attributes
FDP_ITC.2.1/Installer The TSF shall enforce the FIREWALL access control SFP when
importing user data, controlled under the SFP, from outside of the TOE.
FDP_ITC.2.2/Installer The TSF shall use the security attributes associated with the imported user
data.
FDP_ITC.2.3/Installer The TSF shall ensure that the protocol used provides for the unambiguous
association between the security attributes and the user data received.
FDP_ITC.2.4/Installer The TSF shall ensure that interpretation of the security attributes of the
imported user data is as intended by the source of the user data.
FDP_ITC.2.5/Installer The TSF shall enforce the following rules when importing user data
controlled under the SFP from outside the TOE:
A package may depend on (import or use data from) other packages already
installed. This dependency is explicitly stated in the loaded package in the form of a
list of package AIDs. The loading is allowed only if, for each dependent package, its
AID attribute is equal to a resident package AID attribute, the major (minor) Version
attribute associated to the former is equal (less than or equal) to the major (minor)
Version attribute associated to the latter ([JCVM ],§4.5.2). The intent of this rule is to
ensure the binary compatibility of the package with those already on the card
([JCVM ], §4.4).
FMT_SMR.1/Installer Security roles
FMT_SMR.1.1/Installer The TSF shall maintain the roles: the installer.
FMT_SMR.1.2/Installer The TSF shall be able to associate users with roles.
FPT_FLS.1/Installer Failure with preservation of secure state
FPT_FLS.1.1/Installer The TSF shall preserve a secure state when the following types of failures
occur: the installer fails to load/install a package/applet as described in [JCRE ]
§10.1.4.
FPT_RCV.3/Installer Automated recovery without undue loss
FPT_RCV.3.1/Installer When automated recovery from An applet (i.e. a package) is
considered as loaded, once its reference is written is the list of the loaded packages
(i.e. instantiated applets) This is the ultimate stage of the applet/package
installation, done when everything has succeeded before (verification, initialisation,
object instantiation) If an error occur before registration, everything must be rolled
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back. For package installation, the garbage collector will automatically remove the
package code since we stopped installation before the package recording. For
applet installation, we mainly relies on garbage collector, as it is done for package,
to remove the applet instance and AID objects (since the applet is not on the root of
persistence, these objects are unreachable). On applet installation, its install
method is called which can lead to change the states of the VM objects. To rollback
the modifications eventually made in field of other persistent objects, the
installation is surrounded by a transaction (that is aborted). Finally, we have
additional mechanisms to rollback modifications eventually done is the field of
transient arrays since they are not covered but the transaction (volatile data is not in
the scope of Java Card transaction) is not possible, the TSF shall enter a maintenance mode
where the ability to return to a secure state is provided.
FPT_RCV.3.2/Installer For intallation of the applet, the TSF shall ensure the return of the TOE
to a secure state using automated procedures.
FPT_RCV.3.3/Installer The functions provided by the TSF to recover from failure or service
discontinuity shall ensure that the secure initial state is restored without exceeding 100% for loss
of TSF data or objects under the control of the TSF.
FPT_RCV.3.4/Installer The TSF shall provide the capability to determine the objects that were or
were not capable of being recovered.
FRU_RSA.1/Installer Maximum quotas
FRU_RSA.1.1/Installer [Editorially Refined] The TSF shall enforce maximum quotas of the
following resources: imported packages and declared classes, methods and fields that
packages can use simultaneously.
8.1.10 Additional Fonctional Requirements for the applets
Its recommended to applet to use this fonction to ensure security
FIA_AFL.1/Pin Authentication failure handling
FIA_AFL.1.1/Pin The TSF shall detect when an administrator configurable positive integer
within user defined maximum from 1 to 127 for OwnerPin unsuccessful authentication
attempts occur related to any user authentication using a PIN.
FIA_AFL.1.2/Pin When the defined number of unsuccessful authentication attempts has been met,
the TSF shall block the PIN.
Application note:
This requirement implies that the TOE must be able to track unsuccessful authentication and to block
the PIN.
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FMT_MTD.2/GP_Pin Management of limits on TSF data
FMT_MTD.2.1/GP_Pin The TSF shall restrict the specification of the limits for
D.NB_REMAINTRYGLB; GlobalPIN to R.Card_Manager.
FMT_MTD.2.2/GP_Pin The TSF shall take the following actions, if the TSF data are at, or exceed,
the indicated limits: block D.PIN.
Application note:
Global Pin = CVM
FPR_UNO.1/applet Unobservability
FPR_UNO.1.1/applet The TSF shall ensure that S.Applet are unable to observe the operation
Comparison on of two byte arrays by D.ARRAY.
FMT_MTD.1/Pin Management of TSF data
FMT_MTD.1.1/Pin The TSF shall restrict the ability to change_default, query and modify the
Owner PIN to applet itself.
FIA_AFL.1/GP_Pin Authentication failure handling
FIA_AFL.1.1/GP_Pin The TSF shall detect when an administrator configurable positive
integer within 3 to 15 unsuccessful authentication attempts occur related to any user
authentication using a Global PIN.
FIA_AFL.1.2/GP_Pin When the defined number of unsuccessful authentication attempts has been
met, the TSF shall block the PIN.
Application note:
This requirement implies that the TOE must be able to track unsuccessful authentication and to block
the PIN.
8.1.11 Requirement for the IC
FPT_PHP.3/IC Resistance to physical attack
FPT_PHP.3.1/IC The TSF shall resist changing operational conditions every times: the
frequency of the external clock, power supply, and temperature to the chip elements
by responding automatically such that the SFRs are always enforced.
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FPT_PHP.2/IC Notification of physical attack
FPT_PHP.2.1/IC The TSF shall provide unambiguous detection of physical tampering that might
compromise the TSF.
FPT_PHP.2.2/IC The TSF shall provide the capability to determine whether physical tampering with
the TSF's devices or TSF's elements has occurred.
FPT_PHP.2.3/IC For power supply block, the internal frequency generation, and the
chip temperature, the TSF shall monitor the devices and elements and notify the platform by
setting the sensor reset bit when physical tampering with the TSF's devices or TSF's elements
has occurred.
FPR_UNO.1/IC Unobservability
FPR_UNO.1.1/IC The TSF shall ensure that any users are unable to observe the operation all
operations CPU, DES coprocessor, AES,FAMEX coprocessor, all crypto operation
on the data stored in EEPROM, RAM, or generated by the random number generator
by none.
FDP_RIP.1/IC Subset residual information protection
FDP_RIP.1.1/IC The TSF shall ensure that any previous information content of a resource is made
unavailable upon the deallocation of the resource from and allocation of the resource
to the following objects: DES cryptoprocessor registers, Specific to IC.
FAU_ARP.1/IC Security alarms
FAU_ARP.1.1/IC The TSF shall take the action: Reset the card upon detection of a potential
security violation.
FAU_SAA.1/IC Potential violation analysis
FAU_SAA.1.1/IC The TSF shall be able to apply a set of rules in monitoring the audited events and
based upon these rules indicate a potential violation of the enforcement of the SFRs.
FAU_SAA.1.2/IC The TSF shall enforce the following rules for monitoring audited events:
a) Accumulation or combination of 1. Low frequency of clock input; 2. High frequency of
clock input; 3. Low voltage power supply; 4. High voltage power supply; 5. Low
temperature; 6. High temperature; 7. High voltage for the write process to the
EEPROM known to indicate a potential security violation;
b) none.
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Application note:
Limits are chosen such that proper and secure function within these limits is guaranteed.
FCS_COP.1/IC Cryptographic operation
FCS_COP.1.1/IC The TSF shall perform [see table below] in accordance with a specified
cryptographic algorithm [see table below] and cryptographic key sizes [see table below] that
meet the following: [see table below].
Refinement of
FCS_COP.1.1
List of
operations
list of
algorithms
key sizes list of standards
TDES (IC) TDES encryption
and decryption
Tripe Data
Encryption
(TDES)
112-bits E-D-E two-key triple-
encrypion implementation
of the Data Encrypton
Standard, FIPS PUB 46-3,
25 Oct. 1999
AES (IC) AES encryption
and decryption
Advanced
Encryption
Standard
(AES)
128-192-256
bits
FIPS PUB 197, Nov 2001
FCS_RNG.1/IC Random number generation
FCS_RNG.1.1/IC The TSF shall provide a physical random number generator that implements:
none.
FCS_RNG.1.2/IC The TSF shall provide random numbers that meet Fips 140-2.
Application note: The FCS_RNG.1.1/IC is based on FCS_RND.1_IC from [23].
8.2 Security assurance requirements
This composite ST have a set of assurance requirements at EAL5 augmented with
ADV_IMP.2 and ALC_DVS.2 and AVA_VAN.5.
This level allows a developer to attain a reasonably high assurance level without the need for highly
specialized processes and practices. It corresponds to a white box analysis and it can be considered
as a reasonable level that can be applied to an existing product line without undue expense and
complexity. The TOE is intended to operate in open environments, where attackers can easily exploit
vulnerabilities. According to the claimed intended usage of the TOE, it is very likely that it may
represent a significant value and then constitute an attractive target for attacks. In some malicious
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usages of the TOE the statistical or probabilistic mechanisms in the TOE, for instance, may be
subjected to analysis and attack in the normal course of operation. This level seems to be the
reasonable minimum level for cards hosting sensitive applications.
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9 TOE Summary Specification
9.1 TOE Summary Specification
The implementation representation is used to express the notion of the least abstract representation of
the TSF, specifically the one that is used to create the TSF itself without further design refinement.
The assurance component ADV_IMP.2 has been chosen because the evaluation of the TOE must
ensure that its security functional requirements are completely and accurately addressed by the
implementation representation of the TSF.The evaluation of the TOE may be performed, for instance,
because the product hosts one or several sensitive applications, such as financial and health
recording ones, which contain, represent, or provide access to valuable assets. In addition to that the
TOE may not be directly under the control of trained and dedicated administrators.
SF_Firewall
This TSF enforces the Firewall security policy and the information flow control policy at runtime.
The former policy controls object sharing between different applet instances, and between applet
instances and the Java Card RE. The latter policy controls the access to global data containers
shared by all applet instances. This TSF is enforced by the Java Card platform Virtual Machine
(Java Card VM). During the execution of an applet, the Java Card VM keeps track of the applet
instance that is currently performing an action. This information is known as the currently active
context. Two kinds of contexts are considered: applet instances contexts and the Java Card RE
context, which has special privileges for accessing objects. The TSF makes no difference between
instances of applets defined in the same package: all of them belong to the same active context.
On the contrary, instances of applets defined in different packages belong to different contexts.
Each object belongs to the context that was active when the object was allocated. Initially, when
the Java Card VM is launched, the context corresponding to the applet instance selected for
execution becomes the first active context. Each time an instance method is invoked on an object,
a context switch is performed, and the owner of the object becomes the new active context. On the
contrary, the invocation of a static method does not entail a context switch. Before executing a
bytecode that accesses an object, the object's owner is checked against the currently active
context in order to determine if access is allowed. Access is determined by the Firewall access
control rules specified in the chapter Applet Isolation and Object Sharing of the [RE222]. Those
rules enable controlled sharing of objects through interface methods that the object's owner
explicitly exports to other applet instances, and provided that the object's owner explicitly accepts
to share it upon request of the method's invoker.
SF_Card_Content_Management:
This TSF controls the loading, installation, and deletion of packages and applet instances: o CARD
CONTENT LOADING. This function allows the addition of code to mutable persistent memory in
the card. During card content loading, this TSF checks that the required packages are already
installed on the card. If one of the required packages does not exist, or if the version installed on
the card is not binary compatible with the version required, then the loading of the package is
rejected. Loading is also rejected if the version of the CAP format of the package is newer than the
one supported by the TOE. If any of those checks fails, a suitable error message is returned to the
CAD. o CARD CONTENT INSTALLATION. This function allows the Installer to make actually
selectable a previously loaded Applet subclass. In order to do this, an instance of such class, called
an applet instance, has to be created: the install method of the Applet subclass is invoked using the
context of that new instance as the currently active context. If this method returns with an
exception, the exception is trapped and the smart card rolls back to the state before starting the
installation procedure. o CARD CONTENT DELETION. This function allows the Applet Deletion
Manager to remove the code of a package from the card, or to definitely deactivate an applet
instance, so that it becomes no longer selectable. This TSF performs physical removal of those
packages and applet data stored in NVRAM, while only logical removal is performed for packages
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in ROM. This TSF checks that the package or applet actually exists, and that no other package or
applet depends on it for its execution. If this is the case, the entry of the package or applet is
removed from the registry, and all the objects on which they depend are garbage collected.
Otherwise, a suitable error is returned to the CAD. The deletion of the Applet Deletion Manager,
the Installer or any of the packages required for implementing the Java Card platform Application
Programming Interface (Java Card API) is not allowed.
SF_Card_Management_Environment
This TSF is in charge of initializing and managing the internal data structures of the Card Manager.
During the initialization phase of the card, this TSF creates the Installer and the Applet Deletion
Manager and initializes their internal data structures. The internal data structures. of the Card
Manager include the Package and Applet Registries, which respectively contains the currently
loaded packages and the currently installed applet instances, together with their associated AIDs.
This TSF is also in charge of dispatching the APDU commands to the applets instances installed
on the card and keeping trace of which are the currently active ones. It therefore handles sensitive
TSF data of other security functions, like the Firewall or the Remote Access Control function.
SF_Signature
This TSF provides the applet instances with a mechanism for generating an electronic signature of
the contents of a byte array and verifying an electronic signature contained in a byte array. An
electronic signature is made of a hash value of the information to be signed encrypted with a secret
key. The verification of the electronic signature includes decrypting the hash value and checking
that it actually corresponds to the block of signed bytes. The ciphering algorithms are available to
the applets through the javacard.Signature class of the Java Card API. The length of the key to be
used for the signature is defined by the applet instance when the key is created. Before generating
the signature, the TSF verifies that the specified key is suitable for the operation (secret keys for
signature generation), that it has been previously initialized, and that is in accordance with the
specified signature algorithm (DES, RSA, etc). The TSF also checks that it has been provided with
all the information necessary for the signature operation. For those algorithms that do not pad the
messages, the TSF checks that the information to be signed is block aligned before performing the
signature operation. Once the signature operation is performed, the internal TSF data used for the
operation like the ICV is cleared.Signature operations are implemented to resist to environmental
stress and glitches and include measures for preventing information leakage through covert
channels.
SF_Encryption_and_Decryption
This TSF provides the applet instances with a mechanism for encrypting and decrypting the
contents of a byte array. The ciphering algorithms are available to the applets through the Cipher
class of the Java Card API. The length of the key to be used for the ciphering operation is defined
by the applet instance when the key is generated. Before encrypting or decrypting the byte array,
the TSF verifies that the specified key has been previously initialized, and that is in accordance
with the specified ciphering algorithm (DES, RSA, etc). The TSF also checks that it has been
provided with all the information necessary for the encryption/decryption operation. Once the
ciphering operation is performed, the internal TSF data used for the operation like the ICV is
cleared. Ciphering operations are implemented to resist to environmental stress and glitches and
include measures for preventing information leakage through covert channels.
SF_Message_Digest_Generation
This TSF provides the applet instances with a mechanism for generating an (almost) unique value
for the contents of a byte array. That value can be used as a short representative of the information
contained in the whole byte array. The hashing algorithms are available to the applets through the
MessageDigest class of the Java Card API. Before generating the hash value, the TSF verifies that
it has been provided with all the information necessary for the hashing operation. For those
algorithms that do not pad the messages, the TSF checks that the information is block aligned
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before computing its hash value. Message digest generation is implemented to resist to
environmental stress and glitches and include measures for preventing information leakage
through covert channels.
SF_Random_Number_Generation
This TSF provides to card manager, resident application, applets a mechanism for generating
challenges and key values. Random number generators are available to the applets through the
RandomData class of the Java Card API
SF_Key_Destruction
This TSF disables the use of a key both logically and physically. When a key is cleared, the internal
life cycle of the key container is moved to a state in which no operation is allowed. Applet instances
may invoke this TSF through the interfaces declared in the javacard.security package of the Java
Card API.
SF_data_integrity
Some of the data in non volatile memory can be protected. Keys, PIN package and patch code are
protected with integrity value. When reading and writing operation are, the integrity value is
checked and maintained valid. In case of incoherency, an exception is raise to prevent the bad use
of the data.
SF_Clearing_of_Sensitive_Information
This TSF clears all the data containers that hold sensitive information when that information is no
longer used. This includes: o The contents of the memory blocks allocated for storing class
instances, arrays, static field images and local variables, before allocating a fresh block. o The
objects reclaimed by the Java Card VM garbage collector. o The code of the deleted packages. o
The objects accessible from a deleted applet instance. o All the information contained in the
packages that is not necessary for executing the code of the applets, like the Descriptor
Component, the Reference Location Component and the Constant Pool of the CAP files. o The
contents of the APDU buffer after processing an APDU command. o The contents of the bArray
argument of the Applet.install method after a new applet instance is installed. o The contents of
CLEAR ON DESELCT transient objects owned by an applet instance that has been deselected
when no other applets from the same package are active on the card. o The contents of all
transient objects after a card reset. o The reason code contained in the instances of a
CardException or CardRuntimeException classes after a card reset. o The validated flag of the
PINs after a card reset. o The contents of the cryptographic buffer after performing cryptographic
operations. o The contents of the input parameters of a remote method invocation after returning
the response to the terminal.
Application note:
This function is in charge of clearing the information contained in the objects that are no longer
accessible from the installed packages and applet instances. Clearing is performed on demand of
an applet instance through the JCSystem.requestObjectDeletion() method.
SF_Atomic_Transactions
This TSF provides means to execute a sequence of modifications and allocations on the persistent
memory so that either all of them are completed, or the TOE behaves as if none of them had been
attempted. The transaction mechanism is used for updating internal TSF data as well as for
performing different functions of the TOE, like installing a new package on the card. This TSF is
also available for applet instances through the javacard.framework.JCSystem,
javacard.framework.Util and javacardx.framework.util.ArrayLogic classes. The first class provides
the applet instances with methods for starting, aborting and committing a sequence of
modifications of the persistent memory. The other classes provide methods for atomically copying
arrays. This TSF ensures that the following data is never updated conditionally: o The validated
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flag of the PINs. o The reason code of the CardException and CardRuntimeException. o Transient
objects. o Global arrays, like the APDU buffer and the buffer that the applet instances use to store
installation data. o Any intermediate result state in the implementation instance of the Checksum,
Signature, Cipher, and Message Digest classes of the Java Card API. This TSF also performs the
actions necessary to roll back to a safe state upon interruption of the following procedures, for
example because of a card withdrawal or an unexpected fatal error: o Loading and linking of a
package. o Installing a new applet instance. o Deleting a package. o Deleting an applet instance. o
Collecting unreachable objects. o Reading from and writing to a static field, instance field or array
position. o Populating, updating or clearing a cryptographic key. o Modifying a PIN value. Finally,
this TSF ensures that no transaction is in progress when a method of an applet instance is invoked
for installing, deselecting, selecting or processing an APDU sent to the applet instance. Concerning
memory limitations on the transaction journal, this TSF guarantees that an exception is thrown
when the maximal capacity is reached. The TSF preserves a secure state when such limit is
reached. Atomic Transactions are detailed in the chapter Atomicity and Transactions of the
[RE222] and in the documentation associated to the JCSystem class in the [API222].
SF_Key_Generation
This TSF enforces the creation and the oncard generation of all the cryptographic keys of the card
using the method specified in that SFR.
SF_Key_Distribution
This TSF enforces the distribution of all the cryptographic keys of the card using the method
specified in that SFR.
SF_Cardholder_Verification
This TSF enables applet instances to authenticate the sender of a request as the true cardholder.
Applet instances have access to this services through the OwnerPIN class. Cardholder
authentication is performed using the following security attributes: o A secret enabling to
authenticate the cardholder. o The maximum number of consecutive unsuccessful comparison
attempts that are admitted. o A counter of the number of consecutive unsuccessful comparison
attempts that have been performed so far. o The current life cycle state of the secret (reference
value). This state is always updated, even if the modification is in the scope of an open transaction.
Each time an attempt is made to compare a value to the reference value, and prior to the
comparison being actually performed, if the reference is blocked, then the comparison fails and the
reference value is not accessed. Otherwise, the try counter is decremented by one. This operation
is always performed, even if it is in the scope of an open transaction. If the comparison is
successful, then the try counter is reset to the try limit. When the try counter reaches zero, the
reference enters into a blocked state, and cannot be used until it is unblocked. Cardholder
Verification Method services are implemented to resist to environmental stress and glitches and
include measures for preventing information leakage through covert channels. In particular,
unsuccessful authentication attempts consume the same power and execution time than
successful ones. The Cardmanager uses the class OwnerPin to provide the services to the Applet
that want benefit of the Shared GP_PIN.
SF_Hardware_Operating
When needed, at each start up or before first use, a self test of each hardware functional module is
done, i.e.: DES, RSA, RNG implements a know calculus and checks if the result is correct.
When executing, external hardware event can be trigged to prevent attacks or bad use.
Temperature, frequency, voltage, light, glitch are considered as abnormal environmental conditions
and put the card in frozen state
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SF_Memory_failure
When using the non volatile memory, in case of a bad writing, internal mechanisms are
implemented to prevent an incoherency of the written data.
In case of an impossible writing, an exception is raised.
SF_Data_Coherency
As coherency of data should be maintained, and as power is provided by the CAD and might be
stopped at all moment (by tearing or attacks), a transaction mechanism is provided.
When updating data, before writing the new ones, the old ones are saved in a specific memory
area. If a failure appears, at the next start-up, if old data are valid in the transaction area, the
system restores them for staying in a coherent state.
SF_Exception
In case of abnormal event: data unavailable on an allocation, illegal access to a data, the system
owns an internal mechanism that’s allows to stop the code execution and raise an exception.
SF_DAP_Verification
An Application Provider may require that their Application code to be loaded on the card shall be
checked for integrity and authenticity. The DAP Verification privilege of the Application Provider's
Security Domain detailed in this Specification provides this service on behalf of an Application
Provider. A Controlling Authority may require that all Application code to be loaded onto the card
shall be checked for integrity and authenticity. The Mandated DAP Verification privilege of the
Controlling Authority's Security Domain detailed in this Specification provides this service on behalf
of the Controlling Authority. The key and algorithm to be used for DAP Verification or Mandated
DAP Verification are implicitly known by the corresponding Security Domain.
SF_TOKEN
This function ensures the validity of the card content management command when this command
is issued from an Security Domain with Delegated Management.
SF_Manufacturer_Authentication
At prepersonalization phase, manufacturer authentication at the beginning of a communication
session is mandatory prior to any relevant data being transferred to the TOE.
SF_Resident_Application_Dispatcher
During prepersonalization phase, this function tests for every command if manufacturer
authentication is required.
SF_Entity_Authentication/Secure_Channel
Off-card entity authentication is achieved through the process of initiating a Secure Channel and
provides assurance to the card that it is communicating with an authenticated off-card entity.
If any step in the off-card authentication process fails, the process shall be restarted (i.e. new
session keys generated).
The Secure Channel initiation and off-card entity authentication implies the creation of session keys
derived from card static key(s).
SF_GP_Dispatcher
While the card manager or a securiy domain is selected, this function tests for every commande if
security requirements are needed: If secure channel is required. If its required, the function tests
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according to the Security Domain state and the Card state for every command if secure messaging
is required.
SF_KEY_MANAGEMENT
this function gives le management of key set: Loading keys, add a new key set (version and value
of the key) or update a key set (update key value).
SF_Security_Functions_of_the IC
The TOE uses the security functions of the IC. The list of the security function is presented in the
ST lite of the IC component [23].
SF_Unobservability
This function assures that processing based on secure elements of the TOE does not reveal any
information on those elements. For example, observation of a PIN verification cannot reveal the
PIN value, observation a cryptographic computation cannot give information on the key.
SF_Prepersonalization
This function is in charge of pre-initializing the internal data structures, loading the configuration of
the card and loading patch code if need.
SF_Key_Access
This TSF enforces secure access to all cryptographic keys of the card: RSA keys, des keys, EC
keys, AES keys
SF_Key_Agreement
This TSF provides the applet instances with a mechanism for supporting key agreement algorithms
such as Diffie-Hellman and EC Diffie-Hellman [IEEE P1363].