National Information Assurance Partnership Common Criteria Evaluation and Validation Scheme Validation Report for the Junos OS 19.1R2 for EX2300, EX2300-C and EX3400, Version Junos OS 19.1R2 Report Number: CCEVS-VR-11025-2020 Dated: 04/27/20 Version: 0.1 National Institute of Standards and Technology National Security Agency Information Technology Laboratory Information Assurance Directorate 100 Bureau Drive 9800 Savage Road STE 6940 Gaithersburg, MD 20899 Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755-6940 ® TM 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Validation Team Paul Bicknell (Senior Validator) Jenn Dotson Sheldon Durrant Linda Morrison (Lead Validator) Common Criteria Testing Laboratory Acumen Security, LLC Kenneth Lasoski (Lead Evaluator) Harshada Khandagale (Evaluator) 3 Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary ...........................................................................................................4 2 Identification ......................................................................................................................5 3 Architectural Information .................................................................................................6 4 Security Policy....................................................................................................................7 5 Assumptions, Threats & Clarification of Scope................................................................9 5.1 Assumptions.............................................................................................................................................9 5.2 Threats................................................................................................................................................... 10 5.3 Clarification of Scope............................................................................................................................. 13 6 Documentation .................................................................................................................14 7 TOE Evaluated Configuration ........................................................................................15 7.1 Evaluated Configuration ....................................................................................................................... 15 7.2 Excluded Functionality.......................................................................................................................... 15 8 IT Product Testing...........................................................................................................16 8.1 Developer Testing .................................................................................................................................. 16 8.2 Evaluation Team Independent Testing.................................................................................................. 16 9 Results of the Evaluation .................................................................................................17 9.1 Evaluation of Security Target................................................................................................................ 17 9.2 Evaluation of Development Documentation .......................................................................................... 17 9.3 Evaluation of Guidance Documents ...................................................................................................... 17 9.4 Evaluation of Life Cycle Support Activities .......................................................................................... 17 9.5 Evaluation of Test Documentation and the Test Activity...................................................................... 18 9.6 Vulnerability Assessment Activity......................................................................................................... 18 9.7 Summary of Evaluation Results ............................................................................................................ 18 10 Validator Comments & Recommendations ....................................................................19 11 Annexes ............................................................................................................................20 12 Security Target.................................................................................................................21 13 Glossary............................................................................................................................22 14 Bibliography.....................................................................................................................23 4 1 Executive Summary This Validation Report (VR) is intended to assist the end user of this product and any security certification Agent for that end user in determining the suitability of this Information Technology (IT) product for their environment. End users should review the Security Target (ST), which is where specific security claims are made, in conjunction with this VR, which describes how those security claims were tested and evaluated and any restrictions on the evaluated configuration. Prospective users should carefully read the Assumptions and Clarification of Scope in Section 5 and the Validator Comments in Section 10, where any restrictions on the evaluated configuration are highlighted. This report documents the National Information Assurance Partnership (NIAP) assessment of the evaluation of the Junos OS 19.1R2 for EX2300, EX2300-C and EX3400 Series Target of Evaluation (TOE). It presents the evaluation results, their justifications, and the conformance results. This VR is not an endorsement of the TOE by any agency of the U.S. Government and no warranty of the TOE is either expressed or implied. This VR applies only to the specific version and configuration of the product as evaluated and documented in the ST. The evaluation was completed by Acumen Security in April 2020. The information in this report is largely derived from the Evaluation Technical Report (ETR) and associated test report, all written by Acumen Security. The evaluation determined that the product is both Common Criteria Part 2 Extended and Part 3 Conformant and meets the assurance requirements defined in the U.S. Government Protection Profile for Security Requirements for the collaborative Protection Profile for Network Devices (NDcPP) version 2.1. The Target of Evaluation (TOE) identified in this Validation Report has been evaluated at a NIAP approved Common Criteria Testing Laboratory using the Common Methodology for IT Security Evaluation (Version 3.1, Rev. 5) for conformance to the Common Criteria for IT Security Evaluation (Version 3.1, Rev. 5), as interpreted by the Assurance Activities contained in the collaborative Protection Profile for Network Devices (NDcPP) v2.1. This Validation Report applies only to the specific version of the TOE as evaluated. The evaluation has been conducted in accordance with the provisions of the NIAP Common Criteria Evaluation and Validation Scheme and the conclusions of the testing laboratory in the evaluation technical report are consistent with the evidence provided. 5 2 Identification The CCEVS is a joint National Security Agency (NSA) and National Institute of Standards effort to establish commercial facilities to perform trusted product evaluations. Under this program, security evaluations are conducted by commercial testing laboratories called Common Criteria Testing Laboratories (CCTLs). CCTLs evaluate products against Protection Profile containing Assurance Activities, which are interpretation of CEM work units specific to the technology described by the PP. The NIAP Validation Body assigns Validators to monitor the CCTLs to ensure quality and consistency across evaluations. Developers of information technology products desiring a security evaluation contract with a CCTL and pay a fee for their product's evaluation. Upon successful completion of the evaluation, the product is added to NIAP's Product Compliance List. Table 1 provides information needed to completely identify the product, including:  The Target of Evaluation (TOE): the fully qualified identifier of the product as evaluated.  The Security Target (ST), describing the security features, claims, and assurances of the product.  The conformance result of the evaluation.  The Protection Profile(s) to which the product is conformant.  The organizations and individuals participating in the evaluation. Table 1: Evaluation Identifiers Item Identifier Evaluation Scheme United States NIAP Common Criteria Evaluation and Validation Scheme TOE Junos OS 19.1R2 for EX2300, EX2300-C and EX3400 Protection Profile NDcPP v2.1, September 24, 2018 Security Target Security Target Junos OS 19.1R2 for EX2300, EX2300-C and EX3400, V1.5, April 17, 2020 Evaluation Technical Report Evaluation Technical Report for Junos OS 19.1R2 for EX2300, EX2300-C and EX3400, V1.1, March 31, 2020 CC Version Version 3.1, Revision 5 Conformance Result CC Part 2 Extended and CC Part 3 Conformant Sponsor Juniper Networks, Inc Developer Juniper Networks, Inc. Common Criteria Testing Lab (CCTL) Acumen Security 2400 Research Blvd Suite 395 Rockville, MD 20850 CCEVS Validators Paul Bicknell, Jenn Dotson, Sheldon Durrant, Linda Morrison 6 3 Architectural Information The Target of Evaluation (TOE) is Juniper Networks, Inc. Junos OS 19.1R2 executing on EX2300, EX2300-C and EX3400 Ethernet Switch. Juniper Networks EX Series Ethernet Switches provide scalable connectivity for the enterprise market, including branch offices, campus locations, and data centers. The switches run the Juniper Networks Junos operating system (Junos OS), which provides Layer 2 and Layer 3 switching, routing, and security services. The EX switches are secure network devices that protect themselves largely by offering only a minimal logical interface to the network and attached nodes. Each of the EX switches includes an ASIC-based Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) with an integrated CPU to consistently deliver wire-rate forwarding. The EX2300, EX2300-C and EX3400 each occupy single rack unit, delivering a compact solution. 7 4 Security Policy The TOE provides the security functionality required by NDcPP v2.1, September 24, 2018. 4.1 Security Audit Junos auditable events are stored in the syslog files on the appliance and can be sent to an external log server (via Netconf over SSH). The TOE generates audit records for security relevant events. Audit records include the date and time, event category, event type, username, and the outcome of the event (success or failure). Local syslog storage limits are configurable and are monitored. In the event of storage limits being reached the oldest logs will be overwritten. 4.2 Cryptographic Support The TOE provides an SSH server to support protected communications for administrators to establish secure sessions and to connect to external syslog servers. The TOE requires that applications exchanging information with it are successfully authenticated prior to any exchange (i.e. applications connecting over SSH). The TOE includes cryptographic modules that provide the underlying cryptographic services, including key management and protection of stored keys, algorithms, random bit generation and crypto-administration. The cryptographic modules provide confidentiality and integrity services for authentication and for protecting communications with connecting applications. 4.3 Identification and Authentication The TOE supports Role Based Access Control. All users must be authenticated to the TOE prior to carrying out any management actions. The TOE supports password-based authentication and public key-based authentication. Based on the assigned role, a user is granted a set of privileges to access the system. Administrative users must provide unique identification and authentication data before any administrative access to the system is granted. Authentication data entered and stored on the TOE is protected. The TOE can be configured to terminate interactive user sessions and to present an access banner with warning messages prior to authentication. 4.4 Security Management The TOE provides a Security Administrator role that is responsible for: • the configuration and maintenance of cryptographic elements related to the establishment of secure connections to and from the evaluated product • the regular review of all audit data; • initiation of trusted update function; • all administrative tasks (e.g., creating the security policy). The devices are managed through a Command Line Interface (CLI). The CLI is accessible through local (serial) console connection or remote administrative (SSH) session. 8 4.5 Protection of the TSF The TOE protects all passwords, pre-shared keys, symmetric keys and private keys from unauthorized disclosure. Passwords are stored using sha256 or sha512. The TOE executes self- tests during initial start-up to ensure correct operation and enforcement of its security functions. An administrator can install software updates to the TOE. The TOE internally maintains the date and time. 4.6 TOE Access Prior to establishing an administration session with the TOE, a banner is displayed to the user. The banner messaging is customizable. The TOE will terminate an interactive session after a period of inactivity. A user can terminate their local CLI session and remote CLI session by entering exit at the prompt. 4.7 Trusted Path/Trusted Channel The TOE supports SSH v2 for secure communication to Syslog server. The TOE supports SSH v2 (remote CLI) for secure remote administration. 9 5 Assumptions, Threats & Clarification of Scope 5.1 Assumptions The specific conditions listed in the following subsections are assumed to exist in the TOE’s environment. These assumptions include both practical realities in the development of the TOE security requirements and the essential environmental conditions on the use of the TOE. This section describes the assumptions made in identification of the threats and security requirements for network devices. The network device is not expected to provide assurance in any of these areas, and as a result, requirements are not included to mitigate the threats associated. Assumption Assumption Definition A.PHYSICAL_PROTECTION The network device is assumed to be physically protected in its operational environment and not subject to physical attacks that compromise the security and/or interfere with the device’s physical interconnections and correct operation. This protection is assumed to be sufficient to protect the device and the data it contains. As a result, the cPP will not include any requirements on physical tamper protection or other physical attack mitigations. The cPP will not expect the product to defend against physical access to the device that allows unauthorized entities to extract data, bypass other controls, or otherwise manipulate the device. A.LIMITED_FUNCTIONALITY The device is assumed to provide networking functionality as its core function and not provide functionality/services that could be deemed as general purpose computing. For example the device should not provide computing platform for general purpose applications (unrelated to networking functionality). A.NO_THRU_TRAFFIC_PROTECTION A standard/generic network device does not provide any assurance regarding the protection of traffic that traverses it. The intent is for the network device to protect data that originates on or is destined to the device itself, to include administrative data and audit data. Traffic that is traversing the network device, destined for another network entity, is not covered by the ND cPP. It is assumed that this protection will be covered by cPPs and PP-Modules for particular types of network devices (e.g., firewall). A.TRUSTED_ADMINISTRATOR The Security Administrator(s) for the network device are assumed to be trusted and to act in the best interest of security for the organization. This includes being appropriately trained, following policy, and adhering to guidance documentation. Administrators are trusted to ensure passwords/credentials 10 Assumption Assumption Definition have sufficient strength and entropy and to lack malicious intent when administering the device. The network device is not expected to be capable of defending against a malicious Administrator that actively works to bypass or compromise the security of the device. For TOEs supporting X.509v3 certificate-based authentication, the Security Administrator(s) are expected to fully validate (e.g. offline verification) any CA certificate (root CA certificate or intermediate CA certificate) loaded into the TOE’s trust store (aka 'root store', ' trusted CA Key Store', or similar) as a trust anchor prior to use (e.g. offline verification). A.REGULAR_UPDATES The network device firmware and software is assumed to be updated by an Administrator on a regular basis in response to the release of product updates due to known vulnerabilities. A.ADMIN_CREDENTIALS_SECURE The administrator’s credentials (private key) used to access the network device are protected by the platform on which they reside. A.RESIDUAL_INFORMATION The Administrator must ensure that there is no unauthorized access possible for sensitive residual information (e.g. cryptographic keys, keying material, PINs, passwords etc.) on networking equipment when the equipment is discarded or removed from its operational environment. 5.2 Threats The following table lists the threats addressed by the TOE and the IT Environment. The assumed level of expertise of the attacker for all the threats identified below is Enhanced-Basic. 11 Threat Threat Definition T.UNAUTHORIZED_ADMINISTRATOR_ACCESS Threat agents may attempt to gain Administrator access to the network device by nefarious means such as masquerading as an Administrator to the device, masquerading as the device to an Administrator, replaying an administrative session (in its entirety, or selected portions), or performing man-in-the-middle attacks, which would provide access to the administrative session, or sessions between network devices. Successfully gaining Administrator access allows malicious actions that compromise the security functionality of the device and the network on which it resides. T.WEAK_CRYPTOGRAPHY Threat agents may exploit weak cryptographic algorithms or perform a cryptographic exhaust against the key space. Poorly chosen encryption algorithms, modes, and key sizes will allow attackers to compromise the algorithms, or brute force exhaust the key space and give them unauthorized access allowing them to read, manipulate and/or control the traffic with minimal effort. T.UNTRUSTED_COMMUNICATION_CHANNELS Threat agents may attempt to target network devices that do not use standardized secure tunneling protocols to protect the critical network traffic. Attackers may take advantage of poorly designed protocols or poor key management to successfully perform man-in-the-middle attacks, replay attacks, etc. Successful attacks will result in loss of confidentiality and integrity of the critical network traffic, and potentially could lead to a compromise of the network device itself. 12 Threat Threat Definition T.WEAK_AUTHENTICATION_ENDPOINTS Threat agents may take advantage of secure protocols that use weak methods to authenticate the endpoints – e.g., shared password that is guessable or transported as plaintext. The consequences are the same as a poorly designed protocol, the attacker could masquerade as the Administrator or another device, and the attacker could insert themselves into the network stream and perform a man-in-the- middle attack. The result is the critical network traffic is exposed and there could be a loss of confidentiality and integrity, and potentially the network device itself could be compromised. T.UPDATE_COMPROMISE Threat agents may attempt to provide a compromised update of the software or firmware which undermines the security functionality of the device. Non-validated updates or updates validated using non-secure or weak cryptography leave the update firmware vulnerable to surreptitious alteration. T.UNDETECTED_ACTIVITY Threat agents may attempt to access, change, and/or modify the security functionality of the network device without Administrator awareness. This could result in the attacker finding an avenue (e.g., misconfiguration, flaw in the product) to compromise the device and the Administrator would have no knowledge that the device has been compromised. T.SECURITY_FUNCTIONALITY_COMPROMISE Threat agents may compromise credentials and device data enabling continued access to the network device and its critical data. The compromise of credentials include replacing existing credentials with an attacker’s credentials, modifying existing credentials, or obtaining the administrator or device credentials for use by the attacker. 13 Threat Threat Definition T.PASSWORD_CRACKING Threat agents may be able to take advantage of weak administrative passwords to gain privileged access to the device. Having privileged access to the device provides the attacker unfettered access to the network traffic, and may allow them to take advantage of any trust relationships with other network devices. T.SECURITY_FUNCTIONALITY_FAILURE An external, unauthorized entity could make use of failed or compromised security functionality and might therefore subsequently use or abuse security functions without prior authentication to access, change or modify device data, critical network traffic or security functionality of the device. 5.3 Clarification of Scope All evaluations (and all products) have limitations, as well as potential misconceptions that need clarifying. This text covers some of the more important limitations and clarifications of this evaluation. Note that:  As with any evaluation, this evaluation only shows that the evaluated configuration meets the security claims made, with a certain level of assurance. The level of assurance for this evaluation is defined within the NDcPP v2.1.  Consistent with the expectations of the Protection Profile, this evaluation did not specifically search for, nor seriously attempt to counter, vulnerabilities that were not “obvious” or vulnerabilities to objectives not claimed in the ST. The CEM defines an “obvious” vulnerability as one that is easily exploited with a minimum of understanding of the TOE, technical sophistication and resources.  The evaluation of security functionality of the product was limited to the functionality specified in the claimed PPs. Any additional security related functional capabilities included in the product were not covered by this evaluation. 14 6 Documentation The following documents were provided by the vendor with the TOE for evaluation:  Security Target Junos OS 19.1R2 for EX2300, EX2300-C and EX3400, Version 1.5, April 17, 2020  Junos OS Common Criteria Evaluated Configuration Guide for EX2300 and EX3400 Switches, Release 19.1R2, April 13, 2020 15 7 TOE Evaluated Configuration 7.1 Evaluated Configuration The TOE is the Junos OS 19.1R2 firmware running on the EX2300, EX2300-C, and EX3400 appliances. The TOE interfaces are comprised of the following: i. Network interfaces which pass traffic ii. Management interface through which handle administrative actions. 7.2 Excluded Functionality  Use of telnet, since it violates the Trusted Path requirement set  Use of FTP, since it violates the Trusted Path requirement set  Use of SNMP, since it violates the Trusted Path requirement set  Use of SSL, including management via J-Web, JUNOScript and JUNOScope, since it violates the Trusted Path requirement set 16 8 IT Product Testing This section describes the testing efforts of the developer and the evaluation team. It is derived from information contained in Evaluation Test Report for Junos OS 19.1R2 EX2300, EX2300-C, EX3400, which is not publicly available. The Assurance Activities Report provides an overview of testing and the prescribed assurance activities. 8.1 Developer Testing No evidence of developer testing is required in the Assurance Activities for this product. 8.2 Evaluation Team Independent Testing The evaluation team verified the product according the vendor-provided guidance documentation and ran the tests specified in the NDcPP v2.1. The Independent Testing activity is documented in the Assurance Activities Report, which is publicly available, and is not duplicated here. 17 9 Results of the Evaluation The results of the assurance requirements are generally described in this section and are presented in detail in the proprietary documents: Detailed Test Report (DTR), V1.2, April 17, 2020 and the Evaluation Technical Report (ETR), V1.1, March 31, 2020. The reader of this document can assume that activities and work units received a passing verdict. A verdict for an assurance component is determined by the resulting verdicts assigned to the corresponding evaluator action elements. The evaluation was conducted based upon CC version 3.1 rev 5 and CEM version 3.1 rev 5. The evaluation determined the Junos OS 19.1R2 EX2300, EX2300-C, EX3400to be Part 2 extended, and meets the SARs contained in the PP. Additionally, the evaluator performed the Assurance Activities specified in the NDcPP V2.1. 9.1 Evaluation of Security Target The evaluation team applied each ASE CEM work unit. The ST evaluation ensured the ST contains a description of the environment in terms of policies and assumptions, a statement of security requirements claimed to be met by the Junos OS 19.1R2 EX2300, EX2300-C, EX3400, that are consistent with the Common Criteria, and product security function descriptions that support the requirements. Additionally, the evaluator performed an assessment of the Assurance Activities specified in the NDcPP v2.1. 9.2 Evaluation of Development Documentation The evaluation team applied each ADV CEM work unit. The evaluation team assessed the design documentation and found it adequate to aid in understanding how the TSF provides the security functions. The design documentation consists of a functional specification contained in the Security Target's TOE Summary Specification. Additionally, the evaluator performed the Assurance Activities specified in the NDcPP v2.1 related to the examination of the information contained in the TOE Summary Specification. 9.3 Evaluation of Guidance Documents The evaluation team applied each AGD CEM work unit. The evaluation team ensured the adequacy of the user guidance in describing how to use the operational TOE. Additionally, the evaluation team ensured the adequacy of the administrator guidance in describing how to securely administer the TOE. The guides were assessed during the design and testing phases of the evaluation to ensure they were complete. Additionally, the evaluator performed the Assurance Activities specified in the NDcPP v2.1 related to the examination of the information contained in the operational guidance documents. 9.4 Evaluation of Life Cycle Support Activities The evaluation team applied each ALC CEM work unit. The evaluation team found that the TOE was uniquely identified and appropriately labeled. 18 9.5 Evaluation of Test Documentation and the Test Activity The evaluation team applied each ATE CEM work unit. The evaluation team ran the set of tests specified by the Assurance Activities in the NDcPP v2.1 and recorded the results in a Test Report, V1.2, April 17, 2020, summarized in the Evaluation Technical Report and Assurance Activities Report, V1.1, March 31, 2020. 9.6 Vulnerability Assessment Activity The evaluation team applied each AVA CEM work unit. The evaluation team performed a public search for vulnerabilities, performed vulnerability testing and did not discover any issues with the TOE. 9.7 Summary of Evaluation Results The evaluation team's assessment of the evaluation evidence demonstrates that the claims in the ST are met. Additionally, the evaluation team's test activities also demonstrated the accuracy of the claims in the ST. The validation team's assessment of the evidence provided by the evaluation team is that it demonstrates that the evaluation team performed the Assurance Activities in the NDcPP v2.1, and correctly verified that the product meets the claims in the ST. 19 10 Validator Comments & Recommendations The validation team notes that the evaluated configuration is dependent upon the TOE being Configured per the evaluated configuration instructions in the Common Criteria Evaluated Configuration Guide for EX2300 and EX3400 Switches, Release 19.1R2, April 13, 2020 document. Please note that the functionality evaluated is scoped exclusively to the security functional requirements specified in the Security Target. Other functionality included in the product was not assessed as part of this evaluation. All other functionality provided by the product needs to be assessed separately and no further conclusions can be drawn about their effectiveness. 20 11 Annexes Not applicable. 21 12 Security Target Junos OS 19.1R2 for EX2300, EX2300-C and EX3400 Security Target, V1.5, April 17, 2020. 22 13 Glossary The following definitions are used throughout this document:  Common Criteria Testing Laboratory (CCTL). An IT security evaluation facility accredited by the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) and approved by the CCEVS Validation Body to conduct Common Criteria-based evaluations.  Conformance. The ability to demonstrate in an unambiguous way that a given implementation is correct with respect to the formal model.  Evaluation. The assessment of an IT product against the Common Criteria using the Common Criteria Evaluation Methodology to determine whether or not the claims made are justified; or the assessment of a protection profile against the Common Criteria using the Common Evaluation Methodology to determine if the Profile is complete, consistent, technically sound and hence suitable for use as a statement of requirements for one or more TOEs that may be evaluated.  Evaluation Evidence. Any tangible resource (information) required from the sponsor or developer by the evaluator to perform one or more evaluation activities.  Feature. Part of a product that is either included with the product or can be ordered separately.  Target of Evaluation (TOE). A group of IT products configured as an IT system, or an IT product, and associated documentation that is the subject of a security evaluation under the CC.  Validation. The process carried out by the CCEVS Validation Body leading to the issue of a Common Criteria certificate.  Validation Body. A governmental organization responsible for carrying out validation and for overseeing the day-to-day operation of the NIAP Common Criteria Evaluation and Validation Scheme. 23 14 Bibliography The Validation Team used the following documents to produce this Validation Report: 1. Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation - Part 1: Introduction and general model, Version 3.1 Revision 5. 2. Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation - Part 2: Security functional requirements, Version 3.1 Revision 5. 3. Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation - Part 3: Security assurance requirements, Version 3.1 Revision 5. 4. Common Evaluation Methodology for Information Technology Security Evaluation, Version 3.1 Revision 5. 5. Collaborative Protection Profile for Network Devices, Version 2.1, 24 September 2018 (NDcPP21). 6. Junos OS 19.1R2 for EX2300, EX2300-C and EX3400 Security Target, V1.5, April 17, 2020 7. Assurance Activity Report (NDcPP21) for Junos OS 19.1R2 for EX2300, EX2300-C and EX3400, V2.1, April 17, 2020. 8. Detailed Test Report (NDcPP21) for Junos OS 19.1R2 for EX2300, EX2300-C and EX3400, V1.2, April 17, 2020. 9. Evaluation Technical Report (NDcPP21) for Junos OS 19.1R2 for EX2300, EX2300-C and EX3400, V1.1, March 31, 2020 10. Junos OS Common Criteria Evaluated Configuration Guide for EX2300 and EX3400 Switches, Release 19.1R2, April 13, 2020