Huawei AR Series Service Router AR1220 software (V200R006) Security Target Lite
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Classification: public Page 1
Huawei AR Series Service Router AR1220
software consisting of Versatile Routing Platform
(VRP, V200R006), Concurrence Accelerate Platform
(CAP) and underlying OS,
Security Target Lite
Version: V3.7
Last Update: 2016-10-21
Author: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................2
LIST OF TABLES ..........................................................................................................................................3
LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................................................3
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................4
1.1 SECURITY TARGET IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................................................4
1.2 TOE IDENTIFICATION .............................................................................................................................4
1.3 GENERAL PRODUCT OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................5
1.4 TOE DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................................6
1.4.1 Architectural overview of AR1220............................................................................................6
1.4.2 Scope of Evaluation ................................................................................................................10
1.4.3 Summary of Security Features................................................................................................14
2 CC CONFORMANCE CLAIM...............................................................................................................19
3 TOE SECURITY PROBLEM DEFINITION ..............................................................................................20
3.1 THREATS............................................................................................................................................20
3.1.1 Threats ...................................................................................................................................20
3.1.2 Threats Components ..............................................................................................................20
3.2 ASSUMPTIONS ON THE ENVIRONMENT FOR THE USE OF THE TOE..................................................................21
4 SECURITY OBJECTIVES......................................................................................................................23
4.1 OBJECTIVES FOR THE TOE.....................................................................................................................23
4.2 OBJECTIVES FOR THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT....................................................................................24
4.3 SECURITY OBJECTIVES RATIONALE...........................................................................................................24
4.3.1 Coverage ................................................................................................................................24
4.3.2 Sufficiency ..............................................................................................................................25
4.4 TSF AND NON-TSF DATA......................................................................................................................27
5 EXTENDED COMPONENTS DEFINITION ............................................................................................28
5.1 FCS_RNG GENERATION OF RANDOM NUMBERS .......................................................................................28
6 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS...............................................................................................................29
6.1 CONVENTIONS....................................................................................................................................29
6.2 DEFINITION OF SECURITY POLICIES...........................................................................................................29
6.2.1 VRP access control policy........................................................................................................29
6.2.2 VRP information control policy...............................................................................................29
6.3 TOE SECURITY FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................30
6.3.1 Security Audit (FAU)................................................................................................................30
6.3.2 Cryptographic Support (FCS) ..................................................................................................32
6.3.3 User Data Protection (FDP) ....................................................................................................34
6.3.4 Identification and Authentication (FIA) ..................................................................................36
6.3.5 Security Management (FMT)..................................................................................................37
6.3.6 Protection of the TSF (FPT) .....................................................................................................38
6.3.7 TOE access (FTA).....................................................................................................................39
6.3.8 Trusted Path/Channels (FTP) ..................................................................................................39
6.4 SECURITY FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS RATIONALE ...................................................................................39
6.4.1 Coverage ................................................................................................................................39
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6.4.2 Sufficiency ..............................................................................................................................40
6.4.3 Security Requirements Dependency Rationale.......................................................................42
6.4.4 Justification for unsupported dependencies...........................................................................44
6.5 SECURITY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................44
6.6 SECURITY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS RATIONALE ....................................................................................45
7 TOE SUMMARY SPECIFICATION........................................................................................................46
7.1 TOE SECURITY FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION..............................................................................................46
7.1.1 Authentication (AUTH) ...........................................................................................................46
7.1.2 Access Control (AC).................................................................................................................47
7.1.3 L3 Traffic Forwarding (L3TF)...................................................................................................48
7.1.4 ACL (ACL) ................................................................................................................................48
7.1.5 Cryptographic functions (CRYPTO) .........................................................................................49
7.1.6 Communication Security (COMM)..........................................................................................50
7.1.7 Auditing (AUDIT).....................................................................................................................51
7.1.8 Security Management (SM)....................................................................................................52
8 CRYPTO DISCLAIMER .......................................................................................................................54
9 ABBREVIATIONS, TERMINOLOGY AND REFERENCES.........................................................................57
9.1 ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................57
9.2 TERMINOLOGY....................................................................................................................................58
9.3 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................................59
List of Tables
TABLE 1: MODEL SPECIFICATION ..............................................................................................................................8
TABLE 2: AR INTERFACES SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................................................................................8
TABLE 3: DEFAULT ACCESS LEVELS ..........................................................................................................................15
TABLE 4: MAPPING OBJECTIVES TO THREATS ............................................................................................................25
TABLE 5: MAPPING OBJECTIVES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT TO THREATS, ASSUMPTIONS ......................................................25
TABLE 6: SUFFICIENCY ANALYSIS FOR THREATS ...........................................................................................................26
TABLE 7: SUFFICIENCY ANALYSIS FOR ASSUMPTIONS ...................................................................................................27
TABLE 8: MAPPING SFRS TO OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................40
TABLE 9: SFR SUFFICIENCY ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................................40
TABLE 10: DEPENDENCIES BETWEEN TOE SECURITY FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS...........................................................44
TABLE 11: DEPENDENCIES BETWEEN TOE SECURITY FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS...........................................................56
List of Figures
FIGURE 1: FRONT SIDE OF AR1220.........................................................................................................................6
FIGURE 2: BACK PLANE OF AR1220........................................................................................................................6
FIGURE 3: PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE OF AR1220.......................................................................................................9
FIGURE 4: TOE LOGICAL SCOPE.............................................................................................................................11
FIGURE 5: INTERACTION BETWEEN VRP, CAP AND WINDRIVER OS .............................................................................13
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1 Introduction
This Security Target is for the evaluation of the Huawei AR Series Service Router
AR1220 software, consisting of Versatile Routing Platform (VRP, V200R006C10),
Concurrence Accelerate Platform (CAP) and the underlying OS. The TOE version is
provided in chap. 1.2. The software is part of the Service Router AR1220, sometimes
also referred to as AR1220 AC model.
1.1 Security Target Identification
Name: Huawei AR Series Service Router AR1220 software, consisting
of Versatile Routing Platform (VRP, V200R006), Concurrence Accelerate Platform
(CAP) and underlying OS, Security Target Lite
Identifier: AR1220_STL
Version: 3.7
Publication Date: 2016-10-21
Author: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
1.2 TOE Identification
Name: Huawei AR Series Service Router AR1220 software, consisting
of Versatile Routing Platform (VRP, V200R006), Concurrence Accelerate Platform
(CAP) and underlying OS
Version: V200R006C10SPC030
The TOE is a software TOE consisting of Huawei’s Versatile Routing Platform
supported by the Concurrence Accelerate Platform and the underlying OS as
described in the following chapters. The main purpose of the TOE is Layer 3 routing
of incoming IP traffic. For details refer to chap. 1.4.2.
The identifier for the MPU hardware revision used for testing of the software TOE is
AR01SRU1B VER.C.
Name: Huawei AR Series Service Router AR1220 software
V200R006C10SPC030 - Preparative Procedures
Identifier: AR1220_PRE (Identifier comprises AR1220_PRE_PROD and
AR1220_PRE_USER, see below)
This document consists of two parts:
1.) Name: Huawei AR Series Service Router AR1220 software
V200R006C10SPC030 - Preparative Procedures for Production
Identifier: AR1220_PRE_PROD
Version: 1.1
SHA-2Hash:
e7cdf2ab785c7bd0be28dd2f003dd5cd764cd784e9031f4e1f337cb3668dbb5c
Remark: This document will be delivered only to facilities producing the TOE but to
no other users.
2.) Name: Huawei AR Series Service Router AR1220 software
V200R006C10SPC030 - Preparative Procedures for Users
Identifier: AR1220_PRE_USER
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Version: 1.2
SHA-2Hash:
d3bb9dd9154b8fcc00ebd808518f12d36fd4fba5c7ecc28ad309f025a906505c
Name: Huawei AR Series Service Router AR1220 software - Operational
User Guidance
Identifier: AR1220_OPE
Version: 1.1
SHA-2Hash:
7d3a8c8f2a6b76c16bac671518b0a3b6a4089fa7d9ef2981335643b977cce3b2
Name: Huawei AR Series Service Routers – Configuration and
Reference
Identifier: AR1220_CR
Version: 1.1
SHA-2Hash:
c850e54d0a60896b7cf5b17fcfbcf75d9990a85c5bffb65290f8a36c28cfd6a6
For secure acceptance of the TOE parts that consist of documentation, the user
needs to verify the SHA-2 Hash values provided in this document.
Sponsor: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Developer: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Certification ID: BSI-DSZ-CC-0992
Keywords: Huawei, VRP, Versatile Routing Platform, Access Routers,
AR1220, AR1220 AC
1.3 General product overview
Huawei AR Series Routers are the next-generation routing and gateway devices,
which provide the routing, switching, wireless, voice, and security functions. Huawei
AR provides a highly secure and reliable platform for scalable multiservice
integration at enterprise and commercial branch offices of all sizes and
small-to-medium sized businesses. It consists of both hardware and software.
At the core of each router is the VRP (Versatile Routing Platform) software deployed
on MPU (Main Processing Unit), the software for managing and running the router’s
networking functionality. VRP provides extensive security features. These features
include different interfaces with according access levels for administrators; enforcing
authentications prior to establishment of administrative sessions with the TOE;
auditing of security-relevant management activities; as well as the correct
enforcement of routing decisions to ensure that network traffic gets forwarded to the
correct interfaces.
MPU or SRU (Switch Routing Unit) are also providing network traffic processing
capacity. Network traffic is processed and forwarded according to routing decisions
downloaded from VRP.
The following figure shows the front side of the AR1220. ‘1’ denotes USB connectors
for USB mass storage devices for external storage of audit information. ‘2’ denotes
the reset switch for the device.
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Figure 1: Front side of AR1220.
The following figure shows the back plane of the device. ‘1’ and ‘2’ denote
connectors for the console (CON interface/MiniUSB interface), ‘3’ denotes two fixed
GE electrical interfaces (i.e. GBit/s Ethernet connectors), ‘4’ denotes eight fixed FE
electrical interfaces (i.e. 100MBit/s Ethernet connectors), ‘5’ denotes the power
switch, ‘6’ denotes the power jack, ‘7’ denotes a jack reserved for a power cable
locking latch, ‘8’ allows to attach physical locks, ‘9’ denotes the ESD jack, ‘10’
denotes two SIC slots for expansion cards, ‘11’ reflects the product model (i.e.
AR1220), ‘12’ denotes an electrical ground point. There are no connectors to the
AR1220 on the left side, right side, bottom or top of the device.
Figure 2: Back plane of AR1220.
1.4 TOE Description
This chapter provides an architectural overview of the AR1220 including a detailed
description of the physical architecture and the software architecture, the definition
of the TOE subject to evaluation and a summary of security functions provided by the
TOE.
1.4.1 Architectural overview of AR1220
This section will introduce the Huawei AR Series Service Router AR1220 from a
physical architectural point of view and a software architectural point of view.
A router is a device that determines the next network point to which a packet should
be forwarded towards its destination. It is located at any gateway (where one
network meets another). A router may create or maintain a table of the available
routes and their conditions and use this information along with distance and cost
algorithms to determine the best route for a given packet. Routing protocols include
BGP, RIP, ISIS and OSPF. IP packets are forwarded to the router over one or more of
its physical network interfaces, which process them according to the system’s
configuration and state information dynamically maintained by the router. This
processing typically results in the IP packets being forwarded out of the router over
another interface.
Huawei AR1220 uses a dual-core CPU, Control and management plane and data
forwarding plane are in one board. Core 0 of the CPU is dedicated to control and
management process implemented by VRP, the other cores for forwarding and
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services processes like the Concurrence Accelerate Platform (‘CAP’) which will be
explained later in this document.
1.4.1.1Physical Architecture of AR1220
When the router is attached to different networks on at least two of its network
interfaces the router configuration determines how packet flows received on an
interface will be handled. Typically, packets are forwarded through the
internetworking device and forwarded to their configured destination. Routing
protocols used are RIP, OSPF, ISIS, and BGP. The AR1220 provides one console
port for connecting a local management terminal (LMT) and several Ethernet ports
for connecting to networks (Remark: The back plane of AR1220 in figure 2 above
actually shows two console ports – CON port and MiniUSB port. But only one of the
two ports can be used at a time). These ports are part of the backplane of the device,
additional ports can be added via expansion cards. In addition, two USB ports allow
connection of mass storage devices to store audit data. Details about physical
interfaces are provided in chapter 1.4.2.1.
For the management of the AR1220 an external network management system (NMS)
can be used which is outside the actual router (i.e. outside the housing of the router)
and not within the scope of this evaluation. The hardware of the AR1220 itself is not
within the scope of this evaluation.
The functional host system is composed of the system backplane and SRU/MCU.
SRU/MCU are the boards hosting the VRP and CAP which provide control and
management functionalities. SRU/MCU also embeds a real time clock module as a
source of system time. SRU/MCU is the board containing the forwarding engine and
responsible for network traffic processing, the forwarding engine determines how
packets are handled to and from the router’s network interfaces.
The functional host system processes data. In addition, it monitors and manages the
entire system, including the power distribution system, heat dissipation system, and
NMS through NMS interfaces – functions which are not within the scope of this
evaluation.
The general description about the hardware can be found in [AR Hardware Manual],
chap. 2.7. The descriptions in [AR Hardware Manual] sometimes refer to the AR
series as a whole or to the AR1200 series as a whole. The model representing the
TOE is the ‘AR1220’ model, also referred to as ‘AR1220 AC’ model.
Information about the front panel and rear panel are provided in [AR Hardware
Manual], chap. 2.7.2. Indicators are described in [AR Hardware Manual], chap.
2.7.3.
The details about the physical configuration of the TOE are summarized in the
following table (see also [AR Hardware Manual], chap. 2.7.6).
Model Types Typical System Configuration and Physical Parameters
AR1220 (AR1200
series)
Item Typical Configuration Remark
Processing unit AR1220: 500MHz 2 Core -
SDRAM 512M -
Flash
AR1220: 256M
Internal NOR Flash
SD card 0 -not supported
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Forwarding
Performance
AR1220: 450K PPS
Fixed interface Fast Ethernet (FE)/ Gigabit
Ethernet (GE)
8FE + 2GE
SIC Slot 2
WSIC Slot 0 The 2 SIC Slots can
be used as 1 WSIC
Slot.
Table 1: Model Specification
Table 2 details all physical interfaces available in TOE along with respective usage.
Interfaces are also described in [AR Hardware Manual], chap. 2.7.4. Detailed
information about interface cards can be found in [AR Hardware Manual], chap. 5.3.
Boards Supported Interfaces and Usage
MCU/SRU
The following list shows a collection of interfaces. The description
about indicators on panel can be found in user manual [AR Hardware
Manual]”.
• GE interface, connector type RJ45, operation mode
10M/100M/1000M Base-TX auto-sensing, supporting
half-duplex and full-duplex, compliant to IEEE 802.3-2002, used
for receiving and transmitting network traffic. Available ports:
GE0, GE1 (backplane).
• FE interface, connector type RJ45, operation mode 10M/100M
Base-TX auto-sensing, supporting half-duplex and full-duplex,
compliant to IEEE 802.3-2002, used for receiving and
transmitting network traffic. Available Ports: FE0, FE1, …FE7
(backplane)
• ETH interface used for connections initiated by users and/or
administrators from a local maintenance terminal via SSH to
perform management and maintenance operations. The ETH
interface is not a separate physical interface but uses either one
of the GE interfaces or one of the FE interfaces, which is up to
configuration by the administrator. The default port for ETH upon
delivery is the GE0 interface.
• Console interface, connector type RJ45, operation mode Duplex
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) with
electrical attribute RS-232, baud rate 9600 bit/s which can be
changed as required, used for users and/or administrators to
connect to console for the on-site configuration of the system.
Available ports: CON/AUX (backplane)
• MiniUSB connector, connector type MiniUSB compatible with
USB 2.0 for USB based consoles (backplane)
• USB interface, connector type USB compatible with USB 2.0
standard used to hold a USB disk to store data files as a mass
storage device. Available ports: 2 USB ports (front)
Table 2: AR Interfaces Specifications
The following figure provides a schematic overview of the basic flow of traffic.
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Figure 3: Physical Architecture of AR1220.
The connectors on the backplane are connected to the MPU through the SRU.
All L3 traffic that goes through the MPU goes through the Concurrence Accelerate
Platform (‘CAP’) software first. CAP can either forward traffic directly (if the route is
known to CAP) or sends it to the Versatile Routing Platform (‘VRP’) software first. In
the latter case, VRP determines the route to the destination, sends the packet back
to CAP and CAP forwards it to the intended destination. The route information is then
also stored on the CAP for future use.
The CPU of the AR1220 is a dual core CPU. VRP software and CAP software are
running on different cores of the CPU – VRP is running on Core0 and CAP is running
on Core1.
The figure above contains Ethernet based ports (for RMTs) only, but omits the
console port (for LMT). The LMT is connected to the MPU directly because the traffic
from the console port is not filtered. See also the description in the following
chapters.
Figure 3 is intended to demonstrate how the TOE (software, see next chapters)
interacts with the underlying hardware.
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1.4.1.2Software Architecture of AR1220
In terms of the software, the TOE’s software architecture consists of two logical
planes to support centralized forwarding and control and distributed forwarding
mechanism.
• Data plane
• Control and management plane
Note that from a product’s point of view there is an additional plane – the so-called
monitoring plane. This monitoring plane is to monitor the system environment by
detecting the voltage, controlling power-on and power-off of the system, and
monitoring the temperature and controlling the fan. The monitoring plane is not
considered security-related thus is not part of the TOE and will therefore not be
further covered.
The control and management plane is the core of the entire system. It controls and
manages the system. The control and management unit processes protocols and
signals, configures and maintains the system status, and reports and controls the
system status.
The data plane is responsible for high speed processing and non-blocking switching
of data packets. It encapsulates or decapsulates packets, forwards IPv4/IPv6
packets, performs Quality of Service (QoS) and scheduling, completes inner
high-speed switching, and collects statistics.
The VRP is the control and management platform that runs on the SRU/MCU. The
VRP supports IPv4/IPv6, and routing protocols such as RIP, Border Gateway
Protocol (BGP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), ISIS calculates routes, generates
forwarding tables, and delivers routing information to the SRU(s). The VRP includes
Service Control Plane (SCP), System Manage Plane (SMP), General Control Plane
(GCP) and other TSF, non-TSF sub-systems.
The AR1220 handles L2 and L3 traffic. Since L2 traffic is handled by the SRU itself
without additional security related control or management functionality, only L3
forwarding capabilities are within the scope of this certification.
VRP is supported by the Concurrence Accelerate Platform (CAP) for performance
reasons. VRP and CAP are relying on the underlying Windriver OS. The relation of
VRP, CAP and the OS is described in more detail in chap. 1.4.2.3.
1.4.2 Scope of Evaluation
This section will define the scope of the part of the Huawei AR1220 comprising the
TOE to be evaluated.
1.4.2.1Physical scope
The TOE is software only consisting of VRP, CAP and the underlying OS. This will be
discussed in more detail in the next chapter. In addition, the evaluation
documentation including the guidance documentation as well as the product manual
is part of the TOE (for versions please refer to chap. 1.2).
1.4.2.2Logical scope
The logical boundary is represented by the elements that are displayed with a white
background within the rectangle in the figure below. The TOE consists of VRP and
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CAP software as well as the underlying OS (see white boxes in Figure 4). In addition,
the related documentation belongs to the TOE but is omitted for the rest of this
chapter. As shown in Figure 3, the MPU hosts the components VRP and CAP which
run on different cores. The TOE is only running on the two cores of the CPU. The
SRU contains third party products which do not contain TOE software. The MPU
also hosts the OS which is not reflected by Figure 4. The TOE provides several
security functions which are described in more detail in chap. 1.4.3.
Figure 4: TOE logical scope.
Figure 4 reflects also the basic structure of the TOE with respect to subsystems.
Abbreviations of the TOE's subsystems are formatted in italic with the following
meaning: AM: Access Management, CM: Command Management, IM: Information
Management, TF: Traffic Forwarding, OS: Operating System.
Although the AR1220 is capable of L2 and L3 forwarding only Layer 3 forwarding is
regarded as TOE functionality. L2 forwarding is handled by the third party switches
outside the TOE scope independently from CAP and VRP. All routing decisions for
L3 traffic are done by CAP and VRP.
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The TOE controls the flow of IP traffic (datagrams) between network interfaces by
matching information contained in the headers of connection-oriented or
connectionless IP packets against routing table in forwarding engine of CAP.
System control and security management are performed either through LMT which
is connected to the Management plane of the TOE directly via the Console interface
(there is no traffic filtering performed for the traffic via the console port) or through
RMT via a secure channel enforcing SSH via the ETH port on the backplane.
Based on physical scope and logical scope described so far, a list of configuration is
to be added:
• For management via the console, authentication is always enabled.
Authentication mode is password or Authentication, Authorization,
Accounting (‘AAA’, i.e. username and password). Length of password is no
less than 8 characters
• For management via the ETH interface, authentication is always enabled.
Authentication mode is password or username and password (AAA). Length
of password is no less than 8 characters
• Service of TELNET and FTP have to be disabled to use the TOE in the
certified configuration.
The environment for TOE comprises the following components:
• Other switches and Routers used to connect the TOE for L2/L3 network
forward.
• Local PCs used by administrators to connect to the TOE for access of the
command line interface either through TOE’s console interface or TOE’s
ETH interface via a secure channel enforcing SSH.
• Remote PCs used by administrators to connect to the TOE for access to the
command line interface through interfaces on LPU within the TOE via a
secure channel enforcing SSH.
• Physical networks, such as Ethernet subnets, interconnecting various
networking devices.
1.4.2.3Interaction between VRP, CAP and Windriver OS
The following figure shows the basic interaction between VRP, CAP and the
underlying Windriver OS.
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Figure 5: Interaction between VRP, CAP and Windriver OS
The interaction of VRP and CAP and the Linux Kernel modules is performed through
the GLIBC library and the System Call Interface of the Linux Kernel. The Linux
Kernel and the GLIBC Library are part of the Windriver OS.
Among others the following modules are part of the Linux kernel:
• Memory management module
• IPC module (Inter Process communication)
• Process scheduling module
• Filesystem module
• Driver module including:
o Console driver
o LSW driver
o CPU driver
o Flash driver
o Network device driver
Both, VRP process and CAP process are started and maintained by the Process
scheduling module of the Linux Kernel. VRP and CAP are depending on the Memory
management module. For Inter Process Communication (IPC) between VRP and
CAP, the IPC module of the Linux Kernel is called. For access to driver information,
the driver module of the Linux kernel is used.
VRP will access the console file to read data from and write data to the console. VRP
will access the configuration file for the LAN switches of the SRU to configure the
LAN Switch (LSW) chip, etc. VRP writes the audit data in flash memory using the file
system module of the Linux kernel.
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1.4.3 Summary of Security Features
1.4.3.1Authentication
The TOE can be accessed either through LMT (i.e. the ‘console’) or RMT (i.e. via
virtual terminals, ‘VTYs’). The TOE supports one console and up to 15 VTYs. For
managing the LMT or RMT, the user needs sufficient user level according to the
TOE’s Access Control (see chap. 1.4.3.2). For all types of terminals the user has to
authenticate with username and password (AAA). After 3 consecutive failed
authentication attempts the user account will be blocked for 5 minutes before the
user can try to authenticate again.
Only authenticated users can execute commands of the TOE (except the ones for
authentication which need to be executable also for non-authenticated subjects).The
default user level for users is ‘0’. Only one user level can be assigned to a user
account. So the user level of a user is unambiguous at any time. Upon the delivery of
the TOE one user account with user level ‘15’ is present on the TOE. This account is
intended to be used for set up and administration of the TOE.
The use of external Radius or TACACS+ servers for user authentication is not
permitted for the certified use of the TOE.
User authentication is always enforced for virtual terminal sessions via SSH, and
SFTP (Secured FTP) sessions. User authentication for access via the console is
always enabled. The use of SSH connection is always required for accessing the
TOE via RMT. For LMT no logically secured communication channel is required.
The TOE allows specifying minimum requirements on the length and complexity of
passwords.
1.4.3.2Access Control
The TOE manages user privileges by access level. There are in total 16 hierarchical
access levels ranging from 0 ~ 15. The bigger the number, the higher is the privilege.
Correspondingly, levels from 0~15 can be assigned to all commands provided by the
TOE. A user can access a command if the command’s access level is less or equal
to the user’s access level. The default access level for the default administrator
account is 15. By default, commands are registered with level 0 ~ 3.
The four default hierarchical access control levels are reflected by the following
table.
User
level
Level name Intended Purpose Commands for
access
0 Visit Network diagnosis and
establishment of remote
connections.
ping, tracert,
language-mode,
super, quit, display
1 Monitoring System maintenance Level 0 and display,
debugging, reset,
refresh, terminal,
send
2 Configuration Service configuration. Level 0, 1 and all
configuration
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User
level
Level name Intended Purpose Commands for
access
commands.
3 Management System management (file
system, user
management, internal
parameters, fault
diagnosis …).
All commands.
Table 3: Default Access Levels
All authenticated users with an access level equal or higher to the access level of the
command are allowed to execute the corresponding command. Users with lower
access levels will not be able to execute the corresponding command.
In case there has been no user level associated with the user account, the default
user level ‘0’ is used.
A user with sufficient user privileges (e.g. default administrator at level 15) can
modify the default configuration and can register commands with different levels. A
user cannot perform tasks, though, that would exceed his level. For example, a user
at level 5 can change the command level of a command from e.g. 3 to 5 but not
beyond 5, because this would be higher than his user level (for this example it is
assumed that the command level of the command to modify command levels is not
higher than 5, otherwise the user at user level 5 couldn’t execute the command at
all).
A user can also not perform modifications to user accounts that are registered to a
higher level than his own. For example a user of level 5 cannot modify a user
account of level 15 even if he would have the necessary rights to execute the
command for modification of user levels. This protects on the one hand higher level
user accounts but also prevents users to increase their own user level. A user with
sufficient access rights to execute the command to modify user levels can lower his
user level, though (e.g. from 5 to 3).
The TOE can be accessed either through LMT (i.e. the ‘console’) or RMT (i.e. via
virtual terminals, ‘VTYs’).
1.4.3.3L3 Traffic Forwarding
The TOE handles forwarding policy at its core. The forwarding engine controls the
flow of network packets by making (and enforcing) a decision with regard to the
network interface that a packet gets forwarded to.
ACLs define which traffic flow is allowed and which traffic flow is forbidden. ACLs can
be defined on L3 level based on ARP (IP addresses, tcp/udp ports, protocols) (see
chap. 1.4.3.6 for details).
1.4.3.4Auditing
VRP generates audit records for security-relevant management actions. All audit
records contain not only the information on the event itself but also a timestamp and
– where possible – additional information like user ID, source IP, etc.
Audit functionality is activated by default but can be deactivated by users with
sufficient access rights. Logging of the event of disabling audit functionality is
enforced by default.
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Audit records are stored in the NVRAM when events are logged. From there, audit
records can be either displayed on the terminal (local terminal or VTY), written to the
internal NOR Flash, an external USB Mass Storage Device or an external audit
server. Writing to an external audit server is independent from displaying, writing to
NOR Flash or writing to USB Mass Storage Device. When an external USB Mass
Storage Device is used, the internal NOR Flash cannot be used in parallel. Note: The
internal NOR Flash is a hard-wired Flash Card and is therefore also sometimes
referred to as ‘Flash Card’. This Flash Card cannot be removed or exchanged
without disassembling the device and is therefore regarded as internal Flash
memory.
The events are written to the NVRAM at first. Using NVRAM ensures that no audit
data is lost in case of power loss. If the log information is exceeding 100kB, the
oldest entries will be overwritten (cyclic overwriting).
If the device is configured to display log information on the terminal, any new log
information is displayed immediately after the associated event occurred.
The content of the NVRAM can be written to the NOR Flash on demand but not
automatically. If the storage space of the NOR Flash is used up, the system does not
allow further storage of log events on the NOR Flash. The user has to free space on
the NOR Flash first (e.g. by manually deleting older audit information from the file
system).
If a USB Mass Storage Device is connected and configured as output device for
audit information, audit information is automatically written to the USB Mass Storage
Device when the log information is exceeding 100kB. The audit information in the
NVRAM will be overwritten afterwards starting with the oldest entries (cyclic
overwriting). Every time the log information is exceeding 100kB, the log information
is written to the USB Mass Storage Device again. A different file name is used every
time so the log information in the USB Mass Storage Device is not overwritten by
new log files. Writing a log file to the USB Mass Storage Device can also be
performed on demand by a user with sufficient access rights (e.g. in case an
administrator wants to write the audit information from NVRAM to the USB storage
device at a specific time). If a USB Mass Storage Device is attached to the AR and is
configured as output device for audit information, audit information cannot be copied
to the NOR Flash at the same time.
Writing to an external audit sever can either be done in plaintext (UDP) or protected
by using SSL protocol. The scope of the certification is restricted to plaintext
communication, so the TOE, the external audit server and the communication line
between them have to be protected physically.
If the TOE is connected to an external audit server and set up to send audit
information to it, audit information is sent from the NVRAM to the external audit
server immediately after the associated event occurred.
1.4.3.5Communication Security
The TOE enforces communication security by implementing the SSH2 (SSH2.0)
protocol for RMT.
To protect the TOE from eavesdrop and to ensure data transmission security and
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confidentiality, SSH2 provides:
• Authentication of the TOE by means of RSA 2048bits, PKCS#1 V2.1,
RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5;
• Authentication of client by means of RSA 2048bits, PKCS#1 V2.1,
RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 according to the 'publickey' method defined in [RFC
4252];
• AES encryption algorithms;
• Secure cryptographic key exchange.
Besides default TCP port 22, manually specifying a listening port is also
implemented since it can effectively reduce attack.
Beside SSH (which is sometimes also referred to as ‘Secure Telnet’ or ‘STelnet’)
SFTP is provided implementing secure FTP based on SSH as communication
protocol.
1.4.3.6ACL
TOE internetworking devices are deployed at the edges of untrusted networks (such
as the Internet), in order to provide controlled communications between two
networks that are physically separated. When a packet flow reaches the TOE, the
TOE applies an information flow security policy in the form of access control lists to
the traffic before forwarding it into the remote network. Packet flows on Layer 3
arriving at a network interface of the TOE are checked to ensure that they conform
with the configured packet filter policy. For this, the TOE offers a feature Access
Control List (ACL) for filtering incoming and outgoing information flow to and from
interfaces.
Users with sufficient access rights can create, delete, and modify rules for ACL
configuration to filter, prioritize, rate-limit the information flow destined to TOE or
other network devices through interfaces by matching information contained in the
headers of connection-oriented or connectionless packets against ACL rules
specified. Ethernet protocol type, Source IP address, destination IP address, IP
protocol number, source port number if TCP/UDP protocol, destination port number
if TCP/UDP protocol, TCP flag if TCP protocol, etc, can be used for ACL rule
configuration.
Packet flows matching a deny rule in the ACL are dropped. If no rule is specified for
an incoming packet, it is forwarded by default.
1.4.3.7Security functionality management
Security functionality management includes not only authentication, access level,
but also managing security related data consisting of configuration profile and
runtime parameters. According to security functionality management, customized
security is provided.
More functionalities include:
• Setup to enable SSH
• Setup to enable audit, as well as suppression of repeated log records
All security management functions (i.e. commands related to security management)
require sufficient user level for execution (see description of access control for
details, chap. 1.4.3.2).
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1.4.3.8Cryptographic functions
The security features of the TOE require some cryptographic functions. They are
defined in chap. 7.1.7.
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2 CC Conformance Claim
This ST is CC Part 2 conformant [CC], extended by security functional components
as defined in chap. 5, and CC Part 3 conformant [CC]. There are no extended
components defined for CC Part 3. The CC version used is 3.1R4.
No conformance to a Protection Profile is claimed.
This ST is conforming to assurance package EAL2 without augmentations.
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3 TOE Security problem definition
3.1 Threats
The assumed security threats are listed below.
The information assets to be protected are the information stored, processed or
generated by the TOE. Configuration data for the TOE, TSF data (such as user
account information and passwords, audit records, etc.) and other information that
the TOE facilitates access to (such as system software, patches and network traffic
routed by the TOE) are all considered part of information assets.
As a result, the following threats have been identified:
• Unwanted network traffic The TOE receives network traffic that the TOE
is not supposed to process.
• Unauthenticated Access A subject that is not a user of the TOE gains
local or remote access to the TOE for managing the device.
• Unauthorized Access An unauthorized personnel either attacker or
authenticated user is able to gain access to TSF functionality that he is not
authorized for.
• Traffic eavesdropped An eavesdropper (remote attacker) in the
management network served by the TOE is able to intercept, and potentially
modify or re-use information assets that are exchanged between TOE and
local management terminal or remote management terminal (LMT/RMT).
3.1.1 Threats
T.UnwantedL3NetworkTraffic Unwanted L3 network traffic sent to the TOE will not
only cause the TOE’s processing capacity for incoming network traffic to be
consumed thus fails to process traffic expected to be processed, but an internal
traffic jam might happen when this traffic is sent to the Control Plane.
This may further cause the TOE to fail to respond to system control and security
management operations.
T.UnauthenticatedAccess A subject that is not an authenticated user of the
TOE gains access to the TOE and modifies TOE configuration data without
permission.
T.UnauthorizedAccess A user of the TOE authorized to perform certain
actions and access certain information gains access to commands or information he
is not authorized for. By that he could modify TOE configuration data without
permission.
T.Eavesdrop An eavesdropper (remote attacker) in the
management network served by the TOE is able to intercept, and potentially modify
or re-use information assets which are not protected against modification and
disclosure that are exchanged between TOE and LMT/RMT.
3.1.2 Threats Components
• T.UnwantedL3NetworkTraffic
o Threat agent: A subject that is not a user of the TOE.
o Asset: wanted L3 network traffic.
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o Adverse action: The subject could send too much unwanted L3
network traffic to exhaust the resources of the TOE and by that
compromising L3 forwarding capabilities of the TOE. As a result,
wanted L3 network traffic could be dropped (TOE availability).
• T.UnauthenticatedAccess
o Threat agent: A subject that is not a user of the TOE.
o Asset: TOE configuration data
o Adverse action: A subject that did not authenticate to the TOE gets
access to the TOE and by that could be able to modify TOE
configuration data without permission (compromising TOE integrity
and availability).
• T.UnauthorizedAccess
o Threat agent: Unauthorized personnel,: i.eauthenticated user with
insufficient privileges.
o Asset: TOE configuration data.
o Adverse action: A user with insufficient privileges gets access to
TOE security functions which would require additional privileges. By
that he could be able to modify TOE configuration data without
permission (compromising TOE integrity and availability).
• T.Eavesdrop
o Threat agent: An eavesdropper (remote attacker) in the
management network.
o Asset: TOE configuration data, L3 network traffic.
o Adverse action: Intercept, and potentially modify or re-use
information from L3 network traffic which is exchanged between
TOE and RMT. By this confidentiality and integrity of the data
exchanged could be compromised (could affect confidentiality of
user data and TOE integrity and availability).
3.2 Assumptions on the environment for the use of the
TOE
A.PhysicalProtection It is assumed that the TOE (including any console
attached, including any USB storage device attached) is protected against
unauthorized physical access. The TOE is assumed not to contain any residual
information that could be used for an attack when it is removed from the physically
protected environment (e.g. for repair by a third party or at the end of life when the
device is disposed).
A.NetworkElements The environment is supposed to provide securely and
correctly working network devices as resources that the TOE needs to cooperate
with. Behaviors of such network devices provided by operational environment shall
be also secure and correct. Examples of such devices are:
• AR1220 internal LAN Switches of the SRU for L2 and L3 switching
• Peer router(s) for the exchange of dynamic routing information;
• Remote entities (PCs) used for administration of the TOE.
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A.NetworkSegregation It is assumed that the ETH interface in the TOE will
be accessed only through sub-network where the TOE hosts. The sub-network is
separate from the application (or, public) networks where the interfaces in the TOE
are accessible.
A.NoEvil The authorized administrators are not careless,
willfully negligent or hostile. They will follow and abide the instructions provided by
the TOE documentation.
A.CorrectWorkingHardware
It is assumed that the underlying hardware of the AR1220, which is outside the
scope of the TOE, works correctly. This includes the real time clock (RTC) of the
hardware. The TOE produces time stamps based on the time information received
from the RTC of the hardware.
A.UpToDateClient
It is assumed that the user uses a secure remote management terminal for remote
administration of the TOE which is up to date with respect to supported
cryptographic algorithms and security measures.
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4 Security Objectives
4.1 Objectives for the TOE
The following objectives must be met by the TOE:
O.Forwarding The TOE shall forward network traffic (i.e., individual
packets) only to the network interface that corresponds to a configured route for the
destination IP address of the packet (L3 routing).
The TOE shall provide Access Control List (ACL) functionality that can be configured
to drop unwanted L3 network traffic.
Remark: This objective focuses on the process of forwarding and does not require a
guarantee of forwarding 100% of incoming data.
O.Communication The TOE must implement logical protection measures
for network communication between the TOE and Remote Management Terminal
(RMT) from the operational environment. These protection measures shall include
device authentication and the use of a secure communication protocol.
O.Authorization The TOE shall implement different authorization levels
that can be assigned to users in order to restrict the functionality that is available to
individual users.
O.Authentication The TOE shall support the authentication of users by
local username and password. This applies to local (Local Management Terminal,
LMT) and remote access (Remote Management Terminal, RMT). The authentication
mechanisms shall allow identifying users. This information shall also be provided to
other security functions if required (e.g. user identities for audit functionality).
Remark: The use of RADIUS or TACACS+ servers for user authentication is not
permitted for certified use of the TOE.
O.Audit The TOE shall provide functionality to generate audit
records for security-relevant events.
O.SecurityManagement The TOE shall provide functionality to
securely manage security functions provided by the TOE. This includes:
• Set-up and modification of ACL policy
• Definition and maintenance of IP addresses and address ranges that will be
accepted as source addresses in client session establishment requests
• Set-up and modification of authentication, authorization and encryption
policies
• Management of user accounts and user data (including the assignment of
user access levels)
• Definitions and maintenance of managed objects groups and command
groups.
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4.2 Objectives for the Operational Environment
OE.NetworkElements The operational environment shall provide securely and
correctly working network devices as resources that the TOE needs to cooperate
with. Behaviors of such network devices provided by operational environment shall
be also secure and correct. For example, LAN Switches of the SRU for L2 and L3
switching, other routers for the exchange of routing information and PCs used for
TOE administration.
OE.Physical The TOE (i.e., the complete system including attached
peripherals, such as a console and USB mass storage devices) shall be protected
against unauthorized physical access. Whenever the TOE is removed from the
physically protected environment, it shall not contain any residual information that
could be used for an attack.
OE.NetworkSegregation The ETH interface in the TOE shall be accessed only
through sub-network where the TOE hosts. The sub-network is separate from the
application (or, public) networks where the interfaces in the TOE are accessible.
OE.Person Personnel working as authorized administrators shall be
carefully selected and trained for proper operation of the TOE. This includes
instruction to follow and abide the instructions provided by the TOE documentation.
OE.CorrectWorkingHardware
The underlying hardware of the AR1220 shall work correctly. This includes the real
time clock (RTC) of the hardware. The TOE produces time stamps based on the time
information received from the RTC of the hardware.
OE.UpToDateClient
The user shall use a secure remote management terminal for remote administration
of the TOE which is up to date with respect to supported cryptographic algorithms
and security measures.
4.3 Security Objectives Rationale
4.3.1 Coverage
The following table provides a mapping of TOE objectives to threats and policies,
showing that each objective is at least covered by one threat or policy.
Objective Threat
O.Forwarding
T. UnwantedL3NetworkTraffic
O.Communication T.Eavesdrop
O.Authentication T.UnauthenticatedAccess
O.Authorization T.UnauthorizedAccess
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O.Audit T.UnauthenticatedAccess
T.UnauthorizedAccess
O.SecurityManagement T. UnwantedL3NetworkTraffic
T.UnauthenticatedAccess
T.UnauthorizedAccess
T.Eavesdrop
Table 4: Mapping Objectives to Threats
The following table provides a mapping of the objectives for the operational
environment to assumptions, threats and policies, showing that each objective is at
least covered by one assumption, threat or policy.
Environmental Objective Threat / Assumption
OE.NetworkElements A.NetworkElements
OE.Physical A.PhysicalProtection
OE.NetworkSegregation A.NetworkSegregation
OE.Person A.NoEvil
OE.CorrectWorkingHardware A.CorrectWorkingHardware
OE.UpToDateClient A.UpToDateClient
Table 5: Mapping Objectives for the Environment to Threats, Assumptions
4.3.2 Sufficiency
The following rationale provides justification that the security objectives are suitable
to counter each individual threat and that each security objective tracing back to a
threat, when achieved, actually contributes to the removal of that threat:
Threat Rationale for security objectives to remove
Threats
T.UnwantedL3NetworkTraffic The TOE performs L3 forwarding of network
traffic.
ACL functionality can be used to deny unwanted
L3 network traffic to enter or pass the TOE.
(O.Forwarding)
ACL functionality can be configured by users with
sufficient user level (O.SecurityManagement)
T.UnauthenticatedAccess The threat of unauthenticated access to the TOE
is countered by requiring the TOE to implement an
authentication mechanism for its users
(O.Authentication).
Authentication mechanisms can be configured by
users with sufficient user level
(O.SecurityManagement).
Detected attempts of unauthenticated access are
regarded as security relevant events which lead to
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the generation of a related audit record (O.Audit).
T.UnauthorizedAccess The threat of unauthorized access is countered by
requiring the TOE to implement an access control
mechanism (O.Authorization).
Access control mechanisms (including user levels
and command levels) can be configured by users
with sufficient user level
(O.SecurityManagement).
Detected attempts of unauthorized access are
regarded as security relevant events which lead to
the generation of a related audit record (O.Audit).
T.Eavesdrop The threat of eavesdropping is countered by
requiring communication security via SSHv2 for
communication between RMT and the TOE
(O.Communication).
Management of secure communication channels
can be performed by users with sufficient user
level (O.SecurityManagement).
Table 6: Sufficiency analysis for threats
The following rationale provides justification that the security objectives for the
environment are suitable to cover each individual assumption, that each security
objective for the environment that traces back to an assumption about the
environment of use of the TOE, when achieved, actually contributes to the
environment achieving consistency with the assumption, and that if all security
objectives for the environment that trace back to an assumption are achieved, the
intended usage is supported:
Assumption Rationale for security objectives
A.NetworkElements The assumption that the external environment
provides securely and correctly working network
devices such as peer router for routing information
exchange, and management terminals for TOE
control and management is addressed in
OE.NetworkElements.
A.PhysicalProtection The assumption that the TOE will be protected
against unauthorized physical access and that the
TOE does not contain residual information that
could be used for an attack whenever the TOE is
removed from the physically protected environment
is expressed by a corresponding requirement in
OE.Physical.
A.NetworkSegregation The assumption that the TOE is not accessible via
the application (or public) networks hosted by the
networking device is addressed by requiring just
this in OE.NetworkSegregation.
A.NoEvil The assumption that the administrators of the TOE
are not careless, willfully negligent, or hostile is
addressed in OE.Person.
A.CorrectWorkingHardware The assumption that the underlying hardware is
working correctly is expressed by a corresponding
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requirement in OE.CorrectWorkingHardware.
A.UpToDateClient The assumption that the user is using a remote
management terminal which is up to date regarding
cryptographic algorithms and security measures is
expressed by a corresponding requirement in
OE.UpToDateClient.
Table 7: Sufficiency analysis for assumptions
4.4 TSF and Non-TSF data
All data from and to the interfaces available on the TOE is categorized into TSF data
and non-TSF data. The following is an enumeration of the subjects and objects
participating in the policy.
TSF data:
• User account data, including the following security attributes:
o User identities.
o Locally managed passwords.
o Locally managed access levels.
• Audit configuration data.
• Audit records.
• Configuration data of security feature and functions
• Routing and other network forwarding-related tables, including Link layer
address resolution tables.
• Network traffic destined to the TOE processed by security feature and
functions.
Non-TSF data:
• Network traffic to be forwarded to other network interfaces.
• Network traffic destined to the TOE processed by non-security feature and
functions.
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5 Extended Components Definition
There is one extended component defined which refers to random number
generation and is taken from chap. 3.1 [AIS20].
5.1 FCS_RNG Generation of random numbers
Family Behaviour
This family defines quality requirements for the generation of random numbers that
are intended to be used for cryptographic purposes.
Component levelling:
FCS_RNG.1 Generation of random numbers, requires that the random number
generator implements defined security capabilities and that the random numbers
meet a defined quality metric.
Management: FCS_RNG.1
There are no management activities foreseen.
Audit: FCS_RNG.1
There are no actions defined to be auditable.
FCS_RNG.1 Random number generation
Hierarchical to: No other components.
Dependencies: No dependencies.
FCS_RNG.1.1 The TSF shall provide a [selection: physical, non-physical true,
deterministic, hybrid physical, hybrid deterministic] random number generator that
implements: [assignment: list of security capabilities].
FCS_RNG.1.2 The TSF shall provide random numbers that meet [assignment: a
defined quality metric].
.
FCS_RNG: Generation of random numbers 1
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6 Security Requirements
6.1 Conventions
The following conventions are used for the completion of operations:
• Strikethrough indicates text removed as a refinement
• (underlined text in parentheses) indicates additional text provided as a
refinement.
• Bold text indicates the completion of an assignment.
• Italicised and bold text indicates the completion of a selection.
• Iteration/Identifier indicates an element of the iteration, where Identifier
distinguishes the different iterations.
6.2 Definition of security policies
To avoid redundancy in the definition of SFRs, in this chapter the security policies are
defined that have to be fulfilled by the TOE.
6.2.1 VRP access control policy
The access control policy is implemented through authentication and access control
mechanisms as described in chap. 1.4.3.1 and 1.4.3.2 respectively.
The VRP access control policy defines the following subjects, objects and attributes:
Subjects:
• users
Objects:
• commands
Information security attributes:
• user level
• access level of command groups (i.e. ‘command level’)
6.2.2 VRP information control policy
The VRP information control policy defines the following subjects and attributes:
Subjects:
• network packets
Information security attributes:
• source IP address,
• destination IP address,
• transport protocol,
• source tcp or udp port number,
• destination tcp or udp port number.
• hardware interface used for SSH connections
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Whenever an incoming network packet is intended to be forwarded, the VRP
information control policy mandates to check the Access Control List (ACL) defined
for VRP. The rules in ACL refer to handling of the network packet on layer 3.
Rules for layer 3 could either permit or deny forwarding based on the information
security attributes ‘source IP address’, ‘destination IP address’, ‘transport protocol’,
‘source tcp or udp port number’, ‘destination tcp or udp port number’. Rules have to
contain at least one of the attributes but may contain several attributes.
For every incoming network packet that is intended to be forwarded the ACL is
checked for a rule that matches the attributes of the packet or frame, respectively
starting from the first entry in the ACL. The ACL is checked until the first matching
rule is found. The network packet is then either forwarded or discarded according to
the matching rule in the ACL.
If no matching rule is found, the network packet is forwarded.
6.3 TOE Security Functional Requirements
6.3.1 Security Audit (FAU)
6.3.1.1FAU_GEN.1 Audit data generation
FAU_GEN.1.1 The TSF shall be able to generate an audit record of the following
auditable events:
a) Start-up and shutdown of the audit functions;
b) All auditable events for the not specified level of audit; and
c) The following auditable events:
i. user activity
1. login, logout
ii. management of user accounts
1. add, delete, modify (including password reset and change of user level)
2. password change (by the user himself)
3. session termination
iii. management of command groups
1. add, delete, modify (including change of command levels)
iv. authentication policy modification
v. system management
1. reset to factory settings
2. operation requests (i.e. configuration of the device after start-up)
vi. log management
1. log policy modification
Application Note: Changes to user levels are covered by c.ii.1.modify. Changes to
command levels are covered by c.iii.1.modify. Audit functionality shall be enabled by
default during start-up of the device. The audit functionality cannot be shut down
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manually. The audit functionality can only be shut down by shutdown of the AR1220
itself. In that case there is only an audit record generated for the shutdown of the
device but not the audit functionality in particular.
FAU_GEN.1.2 The TSF shall record within each audit record at least the following
information:
a) Date and time of the event, type of event, subject identity (if applicable), and
the outcome (success or failure) of the event; and
b) For each audit event type, based on the auditable event definitions of the
functional components included in the PP/ST, interface (if applicable),
workstation IP (if applicable), User ID (if applicable), and CLI command
name (if applicable).
Application Note: The term ‘if applicable’ shall be read as ‘whenever an event can be
associated with the specified information’. For example if an event can be associated
with a User ID, then the event shall be audited and the audit information shall contain
the User ID. If the event cannot be associated with the User ID, the event shall be
audited and the audit information shall not contain User ID information. If multiple
conditional information can be associated with an event (e.g. interface and User ID
can be associated with an event), all the conditional information shall be contained in
the audit information when auditing the event.
6.3.1.2FAU_GEN.2 User identity association
FAU_GEN.2.1 For audit events resulting from actions of identified users, the TSF
shall be able to associate each auditable event with the identity of the user that
caused the event.
6.3.1.3FAU_SAR.1 Audit review
FAU_SAR.1.1 The TSF shall provide users authorized per FDP_ACF.1 with the
capability to read all information from the audit records.
FAU_SAR.1.2 The TSF shall provide the audit records in a manner suitable for the
user to interpret the information.
6.3.1.4FAU_STG.1 Protected audit trail storage
FAU_STG.1.1 The TSF shall protect the stored audit records in the audit trail
from unauthorized deletion.
FAU_STG.1.2 The TSF shall be able to prevent unauthorised modifications to
the stored audit records in the audit trail.
6.3.1.5FAU_STG.3 Action in case of possible audit data loss
FAU_STG.3.1 The TSF shall forward the oldest audit data to the selected
permanent storage location if the audit trail exceeds 100kB.
Application Note: At first all audit information is written to NVRAM (buffer). If the audit
trail in the buffer exceeds 100kB, the audit information will be forwarded to the
selected permanent storage location which can be the internal NOR Flash or
external USB mass storage device (if present). In addition, audit data can be sent to
external audit servers (if present). After the audit data has been forwarded from the
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NVRAM buffer to the permanent storage location, the NVRAM buffer will be cleared
and newly generated audit data will be written to the NVRAM buffer.
6.3.2 Cryptographic Support (FCS)
6.3.2.1FCS_COP.1/AES Cryptographic operation
FCS_COP.1.1 The TSF shall perform symmetric de- and encryption in
accordance with a specified cryptographic algorithm AES operating in CTR mode
and cryptographic key sizes 128bits that meet the following: [FIPS 197], [FIPS SP
800-38A].
Application Note: AES-128 in CTR mode is used for encryption and decryption within
SSH communication.
6.3.2.2FCS_COP.1/RSA Cryptographic operation
FCS_COP.1.1 The TSF shall perform asymmetric authentication in accordance
with a specified cryptographic algorithm RSA and cryptographic key sizes
2048bits that meet the following: RSA Cryptography Standard ([PKCS#1 V2.1],
RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 for SSH)
Application Note: RSA with key size of 2048bits according to PKCS#1 V2.1,
RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 together with SHA256 is used for asymmetric authentication
of the TOE (server) to the client for SSH according to chap. 6.6 [RFC 4253], ssh-rsa
as well as 'publickey' authentication of the client to the TOE(server) for SSH
according to chap. 7 [RFC 4252].
6.3.2.3FCS_COP.1/HMAC-SHA1 Cryptographic operation
FCS_COP.1.1 The TSF shall perform data integrity generation and verification
in accordance with a specified cryptographic algorithm HMAC-SHA1 and
cryptographic key sizes 160 bits that meet the following: [RFC 2104], [FIPS 198-1]
Application Note: HMAC-SHA1 is used for integrity protection of SSH
communication.
6.3.2.4FCS_COP.1/SHA256 Cryptographic operation
FCS_COP.1.1 The TSF shall perform hashing in accordance with SHA256 and
cryptographic key sizes None that meet the following: [FIPS 180-4]
Application Note: SHA256 is used for hashing passwords before storage in
non-volatile memory .
6.3.2.5FCS_CKM.1/DH Cryptographic key generation
FCS_CKM.1.1 The TSF shall generate cryptographic keys in accordance with a
specified cryptographic key generation algorithm diffie-hellman-group14-sha1 and
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specified cryptographic key sizes 2048bits that meet the following: [RFC 4253],
[RFC 3526], [PKCS#3] for SSH.
Application Note: The TOE generates a shared secret value with the client during the
DH key agreement. The shared secret value is used to derive session keys used for
encryption and decryption (AES-128-CTR) and generation and verification of
integrity protection information (HMAC-SHA1) for SSH communication. The key
generation is performed according to [RFC 4253], chap. 7.2.
6.3.2.6FCS_CKM.1/RSA Cryptographic key generation
FCS_CKM.1.1/RSA The TSF shall generate cryptographic keys in accordance with
a specified cryptographic key generation algorithm keygen method RSA and
specified cryptographic key sizes 2048bits that meet the following: [FIPS 186-4],
chap. 5.1., RSA keypairs for RSASSA-PKCS1-V1_5 using CRT.
6.3.2.7FCS_CKM.2/DH Cryptographic key distribution
FCS_CKM.2.1/DH The TSF shall distribute cryptographic keys in accordance with
a specified cryptographic key distribution method diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
that meets the following: [RFC 4253], [RFC 3526], [PKCS#3] for SSH.
6.3.2.8FCS_CKM.4/RSA Cryptographic key destruction
FCS_CKM.4.1/RSA The TSF shall destroy cryptographic (RSA) keys in
accordance with a specified cryptographic key destruction method overwriting with
0 that meets the following: none
Application Note: This SFR was refined to RSA keys only. The destruction
mechanism has to be triggered manually.
6.3.2.9FCS_RNG.1 Generation of random numbers
FCS_RNG.1.1 The TSF shall provide a deterministic random number generator
that implements:
• DRG.2.1: If initialized with a random seed of 32 bytes that shall contain at least
100 bit entropy in each half of the value (16 most significant bytes and 16 least
significant bytes) the internal state of the RNG shall have Min-entropy of at least
100 bits.
• DRG.2.2: The DRNG provides forward secrecy.
• DRG.2.3: The DRNG provides backward secrecy.
FCS_RNG.1.2 The TSF shall provide random numbers that meet:
• DRG.2.4: The RNG, initialized with a random seed of 256 bits during the
preparative operations ensured by the preparative procedures for users
generates output for which more than 2
14
strings of bit length 128 are mutually
different with probability greater than 1-2
-8
.
• DRG.2.5: Statistical test suites cannot practically distinguish the random
numbers from output sequences of an ideal RNG. The random numbers must
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pass test procedure A and no other test suites.
Application Note: The operations have been performed according to chap. 4.7 of
[AIS20]. For certified use of the TOE, the random seed of 32 bytes shall contain at
least 100 bit entropy in each half of the value (16 most significant bytes and 16 least
significant bytes) The seed value has to be provided by the user to the TOE before
enabling SSH communication. The TOE verifies that the random seed has been set
before activation of SSH is possible. If the random seed has not been provided by
the user, the TOE will not allow activation of SSH communication. Since the output of
the RNG is used only for SSH communication with respect to TSF, it is thereby
ensured that the random seed is set before any TSF uses random numbers from the
DRG.2 random number generator. It is recommended to use a seed value from a
class PTG.2 PTRNG or equal or above quality to generate the seed value.
6.3.3 User Data Protection (FDP)
6.3.3.1FDP_ACC.1 Subset access control
FDP_ACC.1.1 The TSF shall enforce the VRP access control policy on users as
subjects, and commands issued by the subjects targeting the objects.
6.3.3.2FDP_ACF.1 Security attribute based access control
FDP_ACF.1.1 The TSF shall enforce the VRP access control policy to objects
based on the following:
a) users and their following security attributes:
i. user level
b) commands and their following security attributes:
i. access level of command groups (i.e. ‘command level’)
Application Note: For every command there is an associated access level which can
be set by the administrator to a value between 0 and 15 (see chap. 1.4.2.3 for details
as well as for default configuration upon delivery of the TOE). The term ‘command
groups’ refers to commands on the same level.
FDP_ACF.1.2 The TSF shall enforce the following rules to determine if an
operation among controlled subjects and controlled objects is allowed:
The user level of the user corresponds to or exceeds the access level of the
Command Group he is accessing by trying to execute a command.
FDP_ACF.1.3 The TSF shall explicitly authorize access of subjects to objects
based on the following additional rules:
None.
FDP_ACF.1.4 The TSF shall explicitly deny access of subjects to objects based on
the
following additional rules:
None.
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6.3.3.3FDP_DAU.1 Basic Data Authentication
FDP_DAU.1.1 The TSF shall provide a capability to generate evidence that can be
used as a guarantee of the validity of the authentication information of SSH.
.FDP_DAU.1.2 The TSF shall provide SSH with the ability to verify evidence of the
validity of the indicated information.
6.3.3.4 FDP_IFC.1 Subset information flow control
FDP_IFC.1.1 The TSF shall enforce the VRP information control policy(based
on ACL) as defined in chap. 6.2.2 on the network traffic, the ACL-defined
information, and rules defined in the ACL either permitting or denying
forwarding of the network traffic based on Information Security attributes as
defined in chap. 6.2.2.
6.3.3.5 FDP_IFF.1 Simple security attributes
FDP_IFF.1.1 The TSF shall enforce the VRP information control policy (based
on ACL) as defined in chap. 6.2.2 based on the following types of subject and
information security attributes:
Subjects:
• network packets or frames,
Information security attributes:
• source IP address,
• destination IP address,
• transport protocol,
• source tcp or udp port number,
• destination tcp or udp port number,
• hardware interface used for SSH connections
FDP_IFF.1.2 The TSF shall permit an information flow between a controlled
subject
and controlled information via a controlled operation if the following rules hold: the
VRP information control policy(based on ACL) as defined in chap. 6.2.2, and
the policy’s action is permit.
FDP_IFF.1.3 The TSF shall enforce the VRP information control policy as
defined in chap 6.2.2.
FDP_IFF.1.4 The TSF shall explicitly authorize an information flow based on the
following rules: None.
FDP_IFF.1.5 The TSF shall explicitly deny an information flow based on the
following
rules: None.
6.3.3.6 FDP_RIP.1 Subset residual information protection
FDP_RIP.1.1 The TSF shall ensure that any previous information content of a
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resource is made unavailable upon the deallocation of the resource from the
following objects: Trusted Path.
Application Note: Whenever a Trusted Path is terminated for whatever reason, all
temporary session keys are erased from the volatile memory by the post-processing
routines associated with the Trusted Path. These session keys are generated by
FCS_CKM.1/DH and are used by FCS_COP.1/AES, and FCS_COP.1/HMAC-SHA1,
respectively.
6.3.4 Identification and Authentication (FIA)
6.3.4.1FIA_AFL.1 Authentication failure handling
FIA_AFL.1.1 The TSF shall detect when 3 consecutive unsuccessful
authentication attempts occur since the last successful authentication of the
indicated user identity
FIA_AFL.1.2 When the defined number of unsuccessful authentication attempts
has been surpassed, the TSF shall terminate the session of the user trying to
authenticate and block the user account for authentication for at least 5
minutes.
6.3.4.2FIA_ATD.1 User attribute definition
FIA_ATD.1.1 The TSF shall maintain the following list of security attributes
belonging to individual users:
a) user ID
b) user level
c) SHA256 hashes of passwords
d) temporary blocking time for user accounts after unsuccessful
authentication attempts
e) time when users are logging in and logging off.
6.3.4.3FIA_UAU.2 User authentication before any action
FIA_UAU.2.1 The TSF shall require each user to be successfully authenticated
before allowing any other TSF-mediated actions on behalf of that user.
Application Note: Authentication is possible by username and password.
6.3.4.4FIA_UID.2 User identification before any action
FIA_UID.2.1 The TSF shall require each user to be successfully identified before
allowing any other TSF-mediated actions on behalf of that user.
Application Note: Authentication is possible by username and password. The user is
identified by his username if he is able to successfully authenticate with his
username and corresponding password.
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6.3.5 Security Management (FMT)
6.3.5.1FMT_MOF.1 Management of security functions behavior
FMT_MOF.1.1 The TSF shall restrict the ability to modify the behavior,
determine the behavior of the functions identified in FMT_SMF.1 to users with
sufficient user level.
Application Note: Access control of the TOE works as follows: User levels are
assigned to all commands and all users. Users can only execute a command if their
associated user level is equal or higher compared to the user level assigned to a
command. The management of user levels also depends on this access control
mechanism. According to the default access control level settings upon TOE delivery,
all commands are registered between command levels 0 and 3. The default
administrator account upon delivery is registered to level 15. Management of user
levels and command levels is restricted to users of levels equal or higher to the level
of the corresponding commands for administration. So the term ‘administrator’ is not
so easy to define in general for the TOE, because a user might have a sufficient user
level to execute some commands for TOE administration (or management) but not
all of them and the associated user levels and command levels are subject to change.
A user of user level 15, though, always has access to all commands. A user of
certain user level cannot perform operations with a resulting state above his own
user level. In particular, assuming he would have sufficient user level to perform
changes to user level or command level in general, he can still not modify user
accounts with a user level higher than his own and he cannot change a command
level to a value beyond his user level.
6.3.5.2FMT_MSA.1 Management of security attributes
FMT_MSA.1.1/ACFATD The TSF shall enforce the VRP access control policy to
restrict the ability to query, modify the security attributes identified in FDP_ACF.1
and FIA_ATD.1 to users with sufficient user level.
Application Note: See Application Note for FMT_MOF.1 for clarification.
FMT_MSA.1.1/IFF The TSF shall enforce the VRP access control policy to
restrict the ability to modify, delete the security attributes identified in FDP_IFF.1
to users with sufficient user level.
6.3.5.3FMT_MSA.3 Static attribute initialization
FMT_MSA.3.1/ACFATD The TSF shall enforce the VRP access control policy to
provide permissive default values for security attributes (Command Group
associations) that are used to enforce the SFP.
FMT_MSA.3.2/ACFATD The TSF shall allow users with sufficient user level to
specify alternative initial values to override the default values when an object or
information is created.
FMT_MSA.3.1/IFF The TSF shall enforce the VRP information control policy
(based on ACL) to provide restrictive default values for security attributes that are
used to enforce the SFP.
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FMT_MSA.3.2/IFF The TSF shall allow users with sufficient user level to specify
alternative initial values to override the default values when an object or information
is created.
6.3.5.4FMT_SMF.1 Specification of Management Functions
FMT_SMF.1.1 The TSF shall be capable of performing the following management
functions:
a) Define and maintain IP addresses and address ranges (via ACL policy)
that will be accepted as source addresses for traffic forwarding (L3
forwarding). Define and maintain IP addresses and address ranges
(via ACL policy) that will be accepted for remote administration (TOE
administration)
b) Set-up of TOE accepted cipher suites
c) Configure the interval for user inactivity after that an established
session is terminated
d) Configure the minimum time a user account is blocked after failed
attempts for user authentication
e) Manage user accounts and user data
f) Define and maintain Command Groups
g) Configure audit functionality including output channel and output
host for audit data.
h) Activate SSH functionality after seed has been provided to the
deterministic random number generator.
i) Define hardware interface for remote administration.
Application Note: Management of user levels is covered by option e), management
of command access levels is covered by option f).
6.3.5.5FMT_SMR.1 Security roles
FMT_SMR.1.1 The TSF shall maintain the roles: users with associated user
levels.
FMT_SMR.1.2 The TSF shall be able to associate users with roles.
Application Note: See Application Note for FMT_MOF.1 for clarification.
6.3.6 Protection of the TSF (FPT)
6.3.6.1FPT_STM.1 Reliable time stamps
FPT_STM.1.1 The TSF shall be able to provide reliable time stamps.
Application Note: The reliable time stamps are based on the information of the real
time clock (RTC) of the hardware. The RTC itself is not part of the TOE. The time
stamps rely on the correct operation of the RTC of the underlying hardware as
defined in OE.CorrectWorkingHardware.
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6.3.7 TOE access (FTA)
6.3.7.1FTA_SSL.3 TSF-initiated termination
FTA_SSL.3.1 The TSF shall terminate an interactive session after a time interval
of user inactivity which can be configured by a user with sufficient user level.
Application Note: Termination of an interactive session results in the loss of user
authentication. This mechanism applies to local connections via console as well as
remote connections via RMT.
6.3.7.2FTA_TSE.1 TOE session establishment
FTA_TSE.1.1 The TSF shall be able to deny session establishment based on
a) user authentication failure
b) Source IP address (applies to remote administration only)
c) hardware interface for remote administration
6.3.8 Trusted Path/Channels (FTP)
6.3.8.1FTP_TRP.1 Trusted path
FTP_TRP.1.1 The TSF shall provide a communication path between itself and
remote users that is logically distinct from other communication paths and provides
assured identification of its end points and protection of the communicated data from
modification, disclosure.
FTP_TRP.1.2 The TSF shall permit remote users to initiate communication via the
trusted path.
FTP_TRP.1.3 The TSF shall require the use of the trusted path for initial user
authentication
Application Note: To establish a trusted path, the SSH protocol shall be used that
complies with RFCs 4344 [RFC4344], 4251 [RFC 4251], 4252 [RFC 4252], 4253
[RFC 4253] and 4254 [RFC 4254]. For encryption the AES-128 algorithm (CTR
mode) shall be used which is in agreement with [RFC 4344]. For Data Integrity, the
HMAC-SHA1 algorithm shall be used which is in agreement with [RFC 4253]. For
Key Exchange the diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 algorithm shall be used which is in
agreement with [RFC 4253], [RFC4344]. For client authentication the TOE shall
support 'publickey' authentication according to chap. 7 [RFC4252]. Server
authentication is performed using RSA according to chap. 6.6 [RFC 4253], ssh-rsa.
In addition, SFTP (i.e. FTP based on SSH protocol) is supported for secure file
transfer. SSH communication is sometimes also referred to as ‘STelnet’.
6.4 Security Functional Requirements Rationale
6.4.1 Coverage
The following table provides a mapping of SFR to the security objectives, showing
that each security functional requirement addresses at least one security objective.
Security Functional Requirements Objectives
FAU_GEN.1 O.Audit
FAU_GEN.2 O.Audit
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FAU_SAR.1 O.Audit
FAU_STG.1 O.Audit
FAU_STG.3 O.Audit
FCS_COP.1/AES, FCS_COP.1/RSA,
FCS_COP.1/HMAC-SHA1,
FCS_COP.1/SHA256
O.Communication
FCS_CKM.1/DH,FCS_CKM.1/RSA O.Communication
FCS_CKM.2/DH O.Communication
FCS_CKM.4/RSA O.Communication
FCS_RNG.1 O.Communication
FDP_ACC.1 O.Authorization
FDP_ACF.1 O.Authorization
FDP_DAU.1 O.Communication
FDP_IFC.1 O.Forwarding
FDP_IFF.1 O.Forwarding
FDP_RIP.1 O.Communication
FIA_AFL.1 O.Authentication
FIA_ATD.1
O.Authentication
O.Authorization
FIA_UAU.2 O.Authentication
FIA_UID.2
O.Authentication
O.Authorization
FMT_MOF.1 O.Authorization
FMT_MSA.1/ACFATD O.Authorization
FMT_MSA.1/IFF O.Forwarding
FMT_MSA.3/ACFATD O.Authorization
FMT_MSA.3/IFF O.Forwarding
FMT_SMF.1 O.SecurityManagement
FMT_SMR.1 O.Authorization
FPT_STM.1 O.Audit
FTA_SSL.3 O.Communication
FTA_TSE.1 O.Communication
FTP_TRP.1
O.Authentication
O.Communication
Table 8: Mapping SFRs to objectives
6.4.2 Sufficiency
The following rationale provides justification for each security objective for the TOE,
showing that the security functional requirements are suitable to meet and achieve
the security objectives:
Security
objectives
Rationale
O.Forwarding
The requirement of ACL is defined in FDP_IFF.1 and
FDP_IFC.1. The requirements on management
functionality for the definition of ACL are provided in
FMT_MSA.1/IFF, FMT_MSA.3/IFF and FMT_SMF.1.
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O.Audit
The generation of audit records is implemented by
FAU_GEN.1. Audit records are supposed to include
timestamp as provided by FPT_STM.1 and user
identities as defined in FAU_GEN.2 where applicable.
Requirements on reading audit records are defined in
FAU_SAR.1. The protection of the stored audit records
against unauthorized modification is implemented in
FAU_STG.1. If the size of the log file becomes larger
than 100kB in the NVRAM buffer, audit information is
sent to the permanent storage location and the buffer is
cleared afterwards as required by FAU_STG.3.
O.Communication
Communication security is implemented by the
establishment of a trusted path for remote users in
FTP_TRP.1. Requirements on the security of the device
authentication to establish a secure communication
channel are defined in FDP_DAU.1.
FCS_COP.1 addresses the AES encryption of SSH
channels. FCS_CKM.1/RSA and FCS_CKM.1/DH
addresses key generation of AES/RSA keys.
FCS_CKM.2/DH addresses distribution of session keys
for AES keys. FCS_CKM.4 addresses key destruction of
RSA keys. Note that keys of AES algorithms as a result
of the DH key agreement are created and stored in a
trunk of internal memory dynamically allocated within the
TOE upon session establishment and are destroyed
upon session termination according to FDP_RIP.1. The
allocated memory is freed as well. Random numbers
needed for secure communication are addressed by
FCS_RNG.1.
Termination of a communication channel due to user
inactivity is covered by FTA_SSL.3. Rejection of
connections is addressed by FTA_TSE.1.
O.Authentication
User authentication is implemented by FIA_UAU.2,
supported by individual user identification in FIA_UID.2.
The requirements on necessary user attributes
(passwords) are addressed in FIA_ATD.1. The
authentication mechanism supports authentication
failure handling as addressed in FIA_AFL.1.
User authentication via RMTs requires the use of a
trusted path according to FTP_TRP.1.
O.Authorization
User identification is addressed in FIA_UID.2. The
requirement for access control is spelled out in
FDP_ACC.1, and the access control policies are
modeled in FDP_ACF.1. User-related attributes are
spelled out in FIA_ATD.1.
Access control is based on the definition of roles as
subject and functions as object as defined in
FMT_SMR.1 and FMT_MOF.1. Requirements on the
management functionality for the definition of access
control policies are provided in FMT_MSA.1/ACFATD
and FMT_MSA.3/ACFATD.
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O.Security
Management
The management functionality for the security functions
of the TOE is defined in FMT_SMF.1.
Table 9: SFR sufficiency analysis
6.4.3 Security Requirements Dependency Rationale
Dependencies within the EAL2 package selected for the security assurance
requirements have been considered by the authors of CC Part 3 and are not
analyzed here again.
The security functional requirements in this Security Target do not introduce
dependencies on any security assurance requirement; neither do the security
assurance requirements in this Security Target introduce dependencies on any
security functional requirement.
The following table demonstrates the dependencies of SFRs modeled in CC Part 2
and how the SFRs for the TOE resolve those dependencies:
Security
Functional
Requirement
Dependencies Resolution
FAU_GEN.1 FPT_STM.1 FPT_STM.1
FAU_GEN.2
FAU_GEN.1
FIA_UID.1
FAU_GEN.1
FIA_UID.2
FAU_SAR.1 FAU_GEN.1 FAU_GEN.1
FAU_STG.1 FAU_GEN.1 FAU_GEN.1
FAU_STG.3 FAU_STG.1 FAU_STG.1
FCS_COP.1/AES
[FDP_ITC.1 or
FDP_ITC.2, or
FCS_CKM.1]
FCS_CKM.4
FCS_CKM.1/DH,
Unsupported: FCS_CKM.4,
substituted by FDP_RIP.1
FCS_COP.1/RSA
[FDP_ITC.1, or
FDP_ITC.2, or
FCS_CKM.1]
FCS_CKM.4
FCS_CKM.1/RSA
FCS_CKM.4/RSA
FCS_COP.1/HMAC-SHA1
[FDP_ITC.1, or
FDP_ITC.2, or
FCS_CKM.1]
FCS_CKM.4
FCS_CKM.1/DH ,
Unsupported: FCS_CKM.4,
substituted by FDP_RIP.1
FCS_COP.1/SHA256
[FDP_ITC.1, or
FDP_ITC.2, or
FCS_CKM.1]
FCS_CKM.4
Unsupported: FCS_CKM.1,
FCS_CKM.4
FCS_CKM.1/DH
[FCS_CKM.2 or
FCS_COP.1],
FCS_CKM.4
FCS_COP.1/AES,
FCS_COP.1/HMAC-SHA1
Unsupported: FCS_CKM.4,
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substituted by FDP_RIP.1
FCS_CKM.1/RSA
[FCS_CKM.2 or
FCS_COP.1],
FCS_CKM.4
FCS_COP.1/RSA ,
FCS_CKM.4/RSA
FCS_CKM.2/DH
[FDP_ITC.1, or
FDP_ITC.2, or
FCS_CKM.1]
FCS_CKM.4
FCS_CKM.1/DH
Unsupported: FCS_CKM.4,
substituted by FDP_RIP.1
FCS_CKM.4/RSA
[FDP_ITC.1, or
FDP_ITC.2, or
FCS_CKM.1]
FCS_CKM.1/RSA
FCS_RNG.1 None N/A
FDP_ACC.1 FDP_ACF.1 FDP_ACF.1
FDP_ACF.1
FDP_ACC.1
FMT_MSA.3
FDP_ACC.1
FMT_MSA.3/ACFATD
FDP_DAU.1 None N/A
FDP_IFC.1 FDP_IFF.1 FDP_IFF.1
FDP_IFF.1
FDP_IFC.1,
FMT_MSA.3
FDP_IFC.1
FMT_MSA.3/IFF
FDP_RIP.1 None N/A
FIA_AFL.1 FIA_UAU.1 FIA_UAU.2
FIA_ATD.1 None N/A
FIA_UAU.2 FIA_UID.1 FIA_UID.2
FIA_UID.2 None N/A
FMT_MOF.1
FMT_SMF.1
FMT_SMR.1
FMT_SMF.1
FMT_SMR.1
FMT_MSA.1/ACFATD
[FDP_ACC.1 or
FDP_IFC.1]
FMT_SMR.1
FMT_SMF.1
FDP_ACC.1
FMT_SMR.1
FMT_SMF.1
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FMT_MSA.1/IFF
[FDP_ACC.1 or
FDP_IFC.1]
FMT_SMR.1
FMT_SMF.1
FDP_ACC.1
FMT_SMR.1
FMT_SMF.1
FMT_MSA.3/ACFATD
FMT_MSA.1
FMT_SMR.1
FMT_MSA.1/ACFATD
FMT_SMR.1
FMT_MSA.3IFF
FMT_MSA.1
FMT_SMR.1
FMT_MSA.1/IFF
FMT_SMR.1
FMT_SMF.1 None N/A
FMT_SMR.1 FIA_UID.1 FIA_UID.2
FTA_SSL.3 None N/A
FTA_TSE.1 None N/A
FTP_TRP.1 None N/A
FPT_STM.1 None N/A
Table 10: Dependencies between TOE Security Functional Requirements
6.4.4 Justification for unsupported dependencies
The following dependencies are unsupported for the reasons given below.
FCS_COP.1/AES, FCS_COP.1/HMAC-SHA1, FCS_CKM.1/DH, FCS_CKM.2/DH:
The dependency on FCS_CKM.4 (Key destruction) is unsupported, because the
mechanism for destruction of symmetric keys is part of the session establishment
but not a dedicated key destruction mechanism. Keys of AES/HMAC-SHA1
algorithms are created and stored in a trunk of internal memory dynamically
allocated within the TOE upon session establishment and are destroyed upon
session termination according to FDP_RIP.1. So FDP_RIP.1 acts as a substitute to
the mechanism according to FCS_CKM.4 for these temporary session keys.
Therefore the mechanism is not modeled as dedicated key destruction mechanism
by FCS_CKM.4 although the objective of the SFR – the destruction of the key when
no longer in use – is fulfilled.
FCS_COP.1/SHA256: Hash functions do not require keys, so FCS_CKM.1 and
FCS_CKM.4 are not applicable.
6.5 Security Assurance Requirements
The security assurance requirements for the TOE are the Evaluation Assurance
Level 2 components. No operations are applied to the assurance components.
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6.6 Security Assurance Requirements Rationale
The Evaluation Assurance Level 2 has been chosen to commensurate with the
threat environment that is experienced by typical consumers of the TOE.
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7 TOE Summary Specification
7.1 TOE Security Functional Specification
For every security function a short identifier is specified in brackets to allow direct
referencing to single items in other documents. For example, AUTH1 refers to the
first item of the Authentication security function.
7.1.1 Authentication (AUTH)
The TOE can identify administrators by a unique ID and enforces their authentication
before granting them access to any TSF management interfaces. Detailed functions
include:
1) The TOE supports authentication via username and password. This function
is achieved by comparing user information input with pre-defined reference
values stored in memory.
2) The TOE stores the following security attributes for individual uses:
• User ID
• User Level
• SHA256 Hashes of Passwords
• Number of unsuccessful authentication attempts since last successful
authentication
• Time when users are logging in and logging off
3) The TOE mandates the use of a trusted path for user authentication
according to 1) via Remote Management Terminals (RMTs).
4) The TOE supports the detection of 3 consecutive failed authentication
attempts after the last successful user authentication, the termination of the
secure channel required for authentication in that case and the blocking of
the related user account for authentication for at least 5 minutes.
5) The TOE requires each user to be successfully authenticated before he can
perform any other TSF-mediated actions except authentication according to
1) when connecting to the TOE.
6) The TOE requires each user to be successfully identified before he can
perform any other TSF-mediated actions except authentication according to
1) when connecting to the TOE. The username is used for identification of
the user.
(FIA_AFL.1, FIA_ATD.1, FIA_UAU.2, FIA_UID.2, FTP_TRP.1)
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7.1.2 Access Control (AC)
The TOE enforces an access control by supporting following functionalities:
1) The TOE supports the association of user levels with user IDs and the
association of command access levels with commands. Only one access
level number can be associated with a command at a time and only one user
level can be associated with a user, so the assignment is unambiguous.
2) The TOE supports up to 16 hierarchical access levels for users and
commands. This function is achieved by storing numbers 0-15 as level in
memory. It is not necessary to assign all possible access levels to
commands or users/terminals. User level ‘0’ is the lowest level and ‘15’ is the
highest level. The user level ‘n+1’ comprises all the access rights for user
level ‘n’ plus the additional access rights for ‘n+1’ (if any) (‘n’ represents an
integer value between 0 and 14).
3) The VRP policy mandates that a user can only execute a specific command
if his user level is equal or higher to the command access level of the
specific command.
4) The VRP policy mandates that a user cannot execute operations that would
exceed his user level. This includes that – even if he would have sufficient
user level to execute the corresponding command in general – he cannot
modify user accounts of users with higher access level than his own user
level. This also includes that – even if he would have sufficient user level to
execute the corresponding command in general – he cannot modify the
command access level of a command to a value above his own user level.
As a consequence, a user could lower his own user level but not raise his
own user level (under the assumption that he would have sufficient user
level to perform changes to user accounts in general).
5) The TOE requires each user to be successfully identified before he can
perform any other TSF-mediated actions except authentication according to
Authentication 1) when connecting to the TOE. The username is used for
identification and the user level of the user is used for access control.
6) The default value for the user level of a new user is ‘0’. Upon delivery of the
TOE to the customer, there is a standard user account defined which is
expected to be ‘the administrator’ of the device. So the user level for this
account is ‘15’ upon delivery. The TOE allows only users with sufficient user
level to specify alternative default values or initial values for command
access levels and user levels. The restrictions defined in 3) and 4) apply.
(FDP_ACC.1, FDP_ACF.1, FIA_ATD.1, FIA_UID.2, FMT_MOF.1,
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FMT_MSA.1/ACFATD, FMT_MSA.3/ACFATD, FMT_SMR.1)
7.1.3 L3 Traffic Forwarding (L3TF)
The TOE forwards network traffic, enforcing decisions about the correct forwarding
interface and assembling the outgoing network packets using correct IP addresses:
1) The TOE supports Layer 3 IPv4/v6 network traffic forwarding.
2) The TOE accepts network packets only when using a permitted transport
protocol, when they originate from permitted source IP addresses and
permitted source tcp or udp port numbers according to the ACL. The TOE
forwards network packets only to permitted destination IP addresses and
permited destination tcp or udp port numbers according to the ACL. Network
packets not meeting these requirements will be discarded.
3) The TOE rejects network packets when either using a forbidden transport
protocol, when they originate from forbidden source IP addresses or
forbidden source tcp or udp port numbers according to the ACL. The TOE
does not forward network packets to forbidden destination IP addresses or
forbidden destination tcp or udp port numbers according to the ACL.
Rejected network packets are discarded by the TOE.
4) The TOE restricts the ability to read, modify and delete entries in the ACL to
users with sufficient access rights.
(FDP_IFC.1, FDP_IFF.1, FMT_MSA.1/IFF, FMT_MSA.3/IFF)
7.1.4 ACL (ACL)
The TOE supports Access Control Lists (ACLs) to filter traffic destined to the TOE to
prevent internal traffic overload and service interruption. And the TOE also uses
ACLs to deny unwanted network traffic to pass through itself.
The TOE also uses the ACL to identify flows and perform flow control to prevent the
CPU and related services from being attacked.
The content of ACLs is defined in VRP and then uploaded to CAP for execution.
1) The TOE supports ACLs by associating ACLs to whitelists and blacklists.
This function is achieved by interpreting ACL configurations then storing
interpreted values in memory.
2) The TOE supports screening and filtering traffic destined to the CPU. The
CAP running on one CPU core is screening and filtering the traffic before it is
sent to the VRP running on the other CPU core. By this the workload of the
VRP can be reduced and availability can be enhanced. This function is
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achieved by downloading blacklist ACL configurations to the CAP.
3) The TOE supports ACLs, which are based on the upper-layer protocol
number, the source and destination IP addresses, the source and
destination port numbers, and the packet direction.
4) The TOE permits an information flow between controlled subjects if all
information security attributes are permitted by ACL. Packets not matching
the ACL are logged and discarded by the router.
5) The TOE restricts the ability to read, modify and delete entries in ACLs to
users with sufficient access rights.
(FDP_IFC.1, FDP_IFF.1, FMT_MSA.1/IFF, FMT_MSA.3/IFF)
7.1.5 Cryptographic functions (CRYPTO)
Cryptographic functions are required by security features as dependencies. The
following cryptographic algorithms are supported:
1) The TOE supports symmetric encryption and decryption using the AES
algorithm in CTR mode according to [FIPS 197] and [FIPS SP 800-38A]
using key lengths of 128bits. AES-128 CTR is used for encryption and
decryption within SSH communication.
2) (removed, enumeration has been kept to avoid conflicts with mappings to
other documents).
3) The TOE supports asymmetric authentication of the TOE (server) to the
client using the RSA algorithm according to [PKCS#1 V2.1],
RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 using a key length of 2048bits. RSA with key size of
2048bits according to PKCS#1 V2.1, RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 together with
SHA256 is used for asymmetric authentication for SSH according to chap.
6.6 [RFC 4253], ssh-rsa. The TOE supports asymmetric authentication of
the client to the TOE (server) using the RSA algorithm according to
[PKCS#1 V2.1], RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 using a key length of 2048bits. RSA
with key size of 2048bits according to PKCS#1 V2.1, RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5
together with SHA256 is used for asymmetric authentication for SSH
according to chap. 7 [RFC 4252], 'publickey'.
4) The TOE supports data integrity generation and verification using the
HMAC-SHA1 algorithm according to [RFC 2104], [FIPS 198-1] using key
lengths of 160 bits. The data integrity protection mechanism is used for
integrity protection for SSH communication.
5) The TOE supports hashing of data using SHA256 algorithm according to
[FIPS 180-4].
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6) The TOE supports generation and distribution of cryptographic keys
according to diffie-hellman-group14-sha1 and specified cryptographic key
sizes 2048bits according to [RFC 4253], [RFC 3526], [PKCS#3] for SSH.
The TOE generates a shared secret value with the client during the DH key
agreement. The shared secret value is used to derive session keys used for
encryption and decryption (AES-128-CTR) and generation and verification
of integrity protection information (HMAC-SHA1) for SSH communication.
The key generation is performed according to [RFC 4253], chap. 7.2.
7) The TOE supports key generation for the RSA algorithm according to [FIPS
186-4] using CRT. RSA keys generated have a key length of 2048bits and
are intended for usage with RSASSA-PKCS1-V1_5.
8) The TOE supports the destruction of RSA keys by overwriting them with 0.
9) The TOE support the generation of random numbers according to ANSI
X9.31, Appendix A.2.4 based on AES 128bit. The deterministic random
number generator provided by the TOE corresponds to the requirements of
class DRG.2 according to [AIS20]. The random numbers are used for
generation of 128bit AES keys, RSA keys of 2048bit and 160bit HMAC keys.
10) The TOE supports the SSH protocol according to [RFC 4344], [RFC 4251],
[RFC 4252], [RFC 4253], [RFC 4254] and the following cipher suites
according to [RFC 4253]:
• Diffie-hellman-group14-sha1 as key exchange algorithm of SSH.
• AES-128-CTR encryption and decryption algorithm.
• RSA (2048 bits) according to [PKCS#1 V2.1], RSASSA-PKCS1-V1_5 for
asymmetric authentication of the TOE (server) to the client.
• HMAC-SHA1 data integrity generation and verification algorithm.
(FCS_COP.1/AES, FCS_COP.1/RSA, FCS_COP.1/HMAC-SHA1, FCS_CKM.1/DH,
FCS_CKM.1/HMAC-SHA1, FCS_CKM.1/RSA, FCS_CKM.2/DH, FCS_CKM.4/RSA,
FCS_RNG.1)
7.1.6 Communication Security (COMM)
The TOE provides communication security by the following mechanisms:
1) The TOE provides mechanisms to establish a trusted path between itself
and a RMT based on the SSH2.0 protocol (SSH is sometimes also referred
to STelnet). In addition, SFTP (i.e. FTP based on SSH protocol) is supported
for file transfer. The SSH protocol uses the cryptographic algorithms as
specified in chap. 7.1.5, item 10).
2) The TOE permits remote users to initiate communication with the TOE to
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establish the trusted path.
3) The TOE supports mechanisms to verify the validity of the authentication
information of SSH and can generate evidence about that which can be
verified by SSH. For client authentication the TOE supports publickey
authentication according to chap. chap. 7 [RFC 4252]. Server authentication
is performed using RSA according to chap. 6.6 [RFC 4253], ssh-rsa.
4) The TOE denies the establishment of a trusted path in case of
authentication failures or if the source IP address is prohibited to establish a
trusted path according to ACL definitions.
5) The TOE supports termination of an interactive session after a given interval
of user inactivity. This results in a loss of user authentication (for both,
connections via console as well as via RMT).
6) The TOE makes temporary session keys stored in volatile memory
inaccessible upon termination of SSH sessions.
( FDP_DAU.1, FDP_RIP.1, FTA_SSL.3, FTA_TSE.1, FTP_TRP.1)
7.1.7 Auditing (AUDIT)
The TOE can provide auditing ability by receiving all types of logs and processing
them according to user’s configuration:
1) The TOE supports generation of audit records for the following events:
• Start-up and shutdown of the audit functions (The audit functionality
cannot be disabled manually during operation but is only shutdown during
shutdown for the device. In that case the TOE generates an audit record
for shutdown of the device but not explicitly for the shutdown of the audit
functionality.)
• User login and logout
• Adding, deleting or modifying a user account (including password reset
and change of user level)
• Password change by the user
• Operation Authority Change
• Session Termination
• Adding, deleting or modifying a command group (including changes to
command levels)
• Modification of Authentication Policy
• Resetting the device to factory settings
• Configuration of the device (i.e. operation requests)
• Modification of logging policy
2) The TOE records within each audit record the date and time of the event,
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type of event, subject identity (of applicable) and the outcome (success or
failure) of the event. The TOE provides reliable time stamps for that purpose.
Depending on the definition of the event records might include the interface,
workstation IP, User ID or CLI command name.
3) The TOE supports association of audit events resulting from actions of
identified users with the identity of the user that caused the event.
4) The TOE allows all authorized users (i.e. all authenticated users who have
assigned a user level high enough to execute the commands for reading
audit records) to read the audit records.
5) The TOE supports log file formats binary and readable text. This function is
achieved by providing output format transformation. By this the TOE
provides the user with audit information suitable for interpretation.
6) The TOE writes audit event information to the NVRAM first (buffer). The
TOE supports local storage of audit event information in the internal NOR
flash memory, storage on USB Mass Storage media and output of audit
event information to external audit servers.
7) The TOE does not support unauthorized modification of audit information.
8) The TOE restricts the ability to delete audit event information to authorized
users (i.e. all authenticated users who have assigned a user level high
enough to execute the commands for deleting audit records).
9) If the audit trail in the NVRAM buffer exceeds 100kB, the TOE automatically
forwards the audit data to the permanent storage location (either NOR flash
or USB mass storage devices) and clears the NVRAM buffer afterwards.
10) Audit functionality is activated by default.
(FAU_GEN.1, FAU_GEN.2, FAU_SAR.1, FAU_STG.1, FAU_STG.3, FPT_STM.1)
7.1.8 Security Management (SM)
The TOE offers management functionality for its security functions. Security
management functionality can either be used through LMT or RMT. For RMT the use
of SSH is mandatory.
The access control mechanisms of the TOE are based on hierarchical access levels
where a user level is associated with every user and terminal on the one hand and a
command level is associated with every command. Only if the user level is equal or
higher to a specific command, the user is authorized to execute this command.
Management of security function is realized through commands. So for every
management function sufficient user level is required for the user to be able to
execute the corresponding command.
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Modifications have to be saved; otherwise they will be lost after reboot of the TOE.
The TOE loads the saved device configuration during start-up, so saved
modifications are not lost by rebooting the device. After reset to factory defaults, the
TOE is in the factory configuration.
The security management functionality comprises:
1) The TOE support configuration of ACLs based on IP protocol number,
source and/or destination IP address, source and/or destination port number
if TCP/UDP;
2) Support configuration on limiting access for remote administration by IP
address;
3) The TOE supports the configuration of accepted cipher suites for SSH;
4) The TOE supports the configuration of the interval for user inactivity after
that an established session is terminated;
5) The TOE supports the configuration of the minimum time a user account is
blocked after failed attempts for user authentication;
6) The TOE supports the management of user accounts (creating, maintaining,
deleting user accounts) and user data (username, password including
password reset). The TOE supports the assignment of user levels to users
and the maintenance of these user levels;
7) The TOE supports the assignment and maintenance of command access
levels to commands and by this defining and maintaining command groups;
8) The TOE supports the configuration of the output host and output channel
for audit data (e.g. output to external audit servers or USB mass storage
devices);
9) The TOE supports activation of SSH functionality after seed has been
provided to the deterministic random number generator;
10) The TOE supports definition of a hardware interface for remote
administration.
(FMT_SMF.1)
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8 Crypto Disclaimer
The following cryptographic algorithms are used by AR1220 to enforce its security
policy:
# Purpose Cryptographic
Mechanism
Standard of
Implementatio
n
Key Size in
Bits
Standard
of
Application
Comments
1 AuthenticationRSA signature RSA:
PKCS#1_V2.1,
RSASSA-PKCS
1-v1_5
|k|=2048 Signing
(FCS_COP.1/RSA),
using SHA256, applied
during server
authentication for SSH
Verifying
(FCS_COP.1/RSA),
using SHA256, applied
during client authentication
for SSH
2 Key
Generation
diffie-hellman-
group14-sha1
PKCS#3
RFC3526
(2048-bit MODP
Group)
|k|=2048 (FCS_CKM.1/DH), used
in SSH V2.0. Generation of
session keys for
AES-128-CTR encryption
and decryption as well as
HMAC-SHA1 keys for
generation and verification
of integrity protection
information are derived
during DH key agreement
according to [RFC 4253],
chap. 7.
3 Key
Exchange
diffie-hellman-g
roup14-sha1
PKCS#3
RFC3526
(2048-bit MODP
Group)
|k|=2048 (FCS_CKM.2/DH), used in
SSH V2.0. Exchange of
session keys for
AES-128-CTR encryption
and decryption as well as
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HMAC-SHA1 keys for
generation and verification
of integrity protection
information are derived
during DH key agreement
according to [RFC 4253],
chap. 7.
4 Confidentiality AES-128 in
CTR mode
AES:
FIPS 197
FIPS SP
800-38A
|k|=128 Secure messaging for
SSH V2.0
(FCS_COP.1/AES)
5 Integrity HMAC-SHA1 FIPS 198-1 |k|=160 Secure messaging for
SSH V2.0
(FCS_COP.1.1/
HMAC-SHA1)
6 Trusted
Channel
SSH V2.0 RFC4344
RFC 4251
RFC 4252
RFC 4253
RFC 4254
- Trusted channel using
SSH V2.0 using the
cryptographic algorithms
specified in lines
1,2,3,4,7,8, (FTP_TRP.1)
Client authentication mode
is restricted to publickey.
Server authentication is
supported according to
chap. 6.6 [RFC 4253],
ssh-rsa.
7 Cryptographic
Primitive
Determ. RNG
DRG.2
ANSI
X.9.31(aes-128)
128 [AIS20] Generation of the random
number (FCS_RNG.1)
8 Cryptographic
Primitive
Generation of
prime numbers
for RSA
None Miller-Rabin-Test is used
as primality test.
9 Cryptographic
Primitive
SHA256 SHA256:
FIPS 180-4
256 FCS_COP.1/SHA256
Hashing for RSA signature
for SSH Server
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authentication
Hashing for password
storage
Table 11: Dependencies between TOE Security Functional Requirements
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9 Abbreviations, Terminology and
References
9.1 Abbreviations
AAA Authentication Authorization
Accounting
ACL Access Control List
AM Access Management
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
CAP Concurrence Accelerate
Platform
CC Common Criteria
CFM Configuration Management
CLI Command Line Interface
CM Command Management
EXEC Execute Command
IC Information Center
IM Information Management
IPC Inter-Process Communication
LMT Local Maintenance Terminal
GUI Graphical User Interface
MCU Main Control Unit
MPU Main Processing Unit
LPU Line Process Unit
PP Protection Profile
RMT Remote Maintenance Terminal
SFR Security Functional
Requirement
SFU Switching Fabric Unit
SNMP Simple Network Management
Protocol
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SPU Service Process Unit
SRU Switch Router Unit
SSH Secure Shell
ST Security Target
STP Spanning-Tree Protocol
TF Traffic Forwarding
TOE Target of Evaluation
TSF TOE Security Functions
VP Virtual Path
VRP Versatile Routing Platform
VTY Virtual Teletype Terminal
9.2 Terminology
This section contains definitions of technical terms that are used with a meaning
specific to this document. Terms defined in the [CC] are not reiterated here, unless
stated otherwise.
Administrator: An administrator is a user of the TOE who may have been
assigned specific administrative privileges within the TOE.
This ST may use the term administrator occasionally in an
informal context, and not in order to refer to a specific role
definition – from the TOE’s point of view, an administrator is
simply a user who is authorized to perform certain
administrative actions on the TOE and the objects managed
by the TOE. Since all user levels are assigned to
commands and users and users can only execute a
command if their associated level is equal or higher
compared to the level assigned to a command, a user might
have certain administrative privileges but lacking some
other administrative privileges. So the decision whether a
user is also an administrator or not might change with the
context (e.g. might be able to change audit settings but
cannot perform user management).
Operator: See User.
User: A user is a human or a product/application using the TOE
which is able to authenticate successfully to the TOE. A user
is therefore different to a subject which is just sending traffic
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through the device without any authentication.
9.3 References
[AIS20] W. Killmann, W. Schindler; A proposal for: Functionality classes for
random number generators, Version 2.0, September 18
th
2011.
[ANSI
9.31]
NIST-Recommended Random Number Generator Based on ANSI
X9.31 Appendix A.2.4 using the 3-Key Triple DES and AES
Algorithms, January 31, 2005
[AR
Hardware
Manual]
Huawei
AR120&AR150&AR160&AR200&AR500&AR510&AR1200&AR220
0&AR3200&AR3600 series Enterprise Routers Hardware
Description, Issue 05, Date 2016-06-15,
AR120&AR150&AR160&AR200&AR500&AR510&AR1200&AR220
0&AR3200&AR3600 Hardware Description.pdf (Document is not
publicly available but can be obtained from Huawei Technologies Ltd.
upon request)
[CC] Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation.
Part 1-3. September 2012, Version 3.1 Revision 4,
CCMB-2012-09-001, -002, -003
[CEM] Common Methodology for Information Technology Security
Evaluation. Evaluation methodology, September 2012, Version 3.1
Revision 4, CCMB-2012-09-004
[FIPS
180-4]
FIPS Publication 180-4: Secure Hash Standard (SHS), March 2012
[FIPS
186-4]
Federal Information Processing Standards Publication, Digital
Signature Standard (DSS), July 2013
[FIPS 197] Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 197,
November 26, 2001
[FIPS
198-1]
Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 198-1, July,
2008
[FIPS
PUB46-3]
Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 46-3,
reaffirmed October 25, 1999
[FIPS SP
800-38A]
NIST Special Publication 800-38A 2001 Edition
[FIPS SP
800-67]
NIST Special Publication 800-67, Revision 1, Revised January 2012
[PKCS#1 PKCS#1 V2.1: RSA Cryptography Standard, RSA Laboratories,
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V2.1] Version 2.1, June, 2002
[PKCS#3] PKCS#3: Diffie-Hellman Key-Agreement Standard, Version 1.4,
November 1, 1993
[RFC
2104]
Request for Comments 2104, HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message
Authentication, Feburary 1997
[RFC
3526]
Request for Comments 3526, More Modular Exponential (MODP)
Diffie-Hellman groups for Internet Key Exchange (IKE), May 2003
[RFC
4251]
Request for Comments 4251, The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
Architecture, January 2006
[RFC
4252]
Request for Comments 4252, The Secure Shell (SSH) Authentication
Protocol, January 2006
[RFC
4253]
Request for Comments 4253, The Secure Shell (SSH) Transport
Layer Protocol, January 2006
[RFC
4254]
Request for Comments 4254, The Secure Shell (SSH) Connection
Protocol, January 2006
RFC
4344]
Request for Comments 4344, The Secure Shell (SSH) Transport
Layer Encryption Modes, January 2006
[RFC
4419]
Request for Comments 4419, Diffie-Hellman Group Exchange for the
Secure Shell (SSH) Transport Layer Protocol, March 2006